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Figure 1 in Seasonal incidence of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on different varieties of date palm in Kachchh region of Western India
Figure 1. Incidence of R. indica on date palm.
Data from: Redefining the Huayquerian Stage (Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene) of the South American chronostratigraphic scale based on biostratigraphical analyses and geochronological dating
<p>The Huayquerian Stage of the South American chronostratigraphic scheme (named for the Huayquerías del Este, Argentina) was originally based on a poorly known mammal association of six taxa from the Huayquerías Formation. We studied the geology, age and fauna of the Neogene sequence in this area, including the Huayquerías, Tunuyán and Bajada Grande formations. The sequence comprises a monotonous succession of synorogenic epiclastic sediments deposited under arid to semi-arid conditions. Zircon U–Pb dates from 10 tuffaceous levels (7.2–1.6 Ma) place deposition of the Huayquerías Formation during the late Tortonian or Messinian to early Zanclean, the Tunuyán Formation during the Zanclean–Piacenzian, and the Bajada Grande Formation during the Piacenzian–Calabrian. We present 43 and 31 new mammal taxon records for the Huayquerías and Tunuyán formations, respectively. Progressive faunal change was observed along the sequence. The first records of the Chaco tortoise <em>Chelonoidis chilensis</em> and the notoungulate <em>Xotodon major</em>, and the latest records of Interatheriidae and <em>Typotheriopsis</em> (notoungulates), <em>Metacaremys calfucalel</em>, <em>Phtoramys hidalguense</em> and <em>Lagostomus pretrichodactyla</em> (rodents), <em>Chasicotatus ameghinoi</em> and <em>Macroeuphractus morenoi</em> (xenarthrans) are reported. The faunal associations of the Huayquerías and lower Tunuyán formations are highly similar to each other, and to other coeval localities in Argentina. The <em>Macroeuphractus morenoi</em> Assemblage Biozone is proposed as the basis for redefining the Huayquerian Stage, due to the co-occurrence of three taxa with wide geographical distribution in southern South America: <em>Macroeuphractus morenoi</em>, <em>Pseudotypotherium subinsigne</em> and <em>Lagostomus pretrichodactyla</em>. The age of this biozone is constrained at <em>c.</em> 8–5 Ma in its type area.</p>
Data from: Drivers of contemporary and future changes in Arctic seasonal transition dates for a tundra site in coastal Greenland
<p>Climate change has had a significant impact on the seasonal transition dates of Arctic tundra ecosystems, causing diverse variations between distinct land surface classes. However, the combined effect of multiple controls as well as their individual effects on these dates remains unclear at various scales and across diverse land surface classes. Here we quantified spatiotemporal variations of three seasonal transition dates (start of spring, maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI<sub>max</sub>) day, end of fall) for five dominant land surface classes in the ice-free Greenland and analyzed their drivers for current and future climate scenarios, respectively.</p>
Determinants of spring migration departure dates in a New World sparrow: weather variables reign supreme
<p><span>Numerous factors influence the timing of spring migration in birds, yet the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic variables on migration initiation remains unclear. To test for interactions among weather, migration distance, parasitism, and physiology in determining spring departure date, we used the Dark-eyed Junco (<em>Junco</em> <em>hyemalis</em>) as a model migratory species known to harbor diverse and common haemosporidian parasites. Prior to spring migration departure from their wintering grounds in Indiana, USA, we quantified the intrinsic variables of fat, body condition (i.e., mass~tarsus residuals), physiological stress (i.e., ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes), cellular immunity (i.e., leukocyte composition and total count), migration distance (i.e., distance to the breeding grounds) using stable isotopes of hydrogen from feathers, and haemosporidian parasite intensity. We then attached nanotags to determine the timing of spring migration departure date using the Motus Wildlife Tracking System. We used additive Cox proportional hazard mixed models to test how risk of spring migratory departure was predicted by the combined intrinsic measures, along with meteorological predictors on the evening of departure (i.e., average wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and temperature). Model comparisons found that the best predictor of spring departure date was average nightly wind direction and a principal component combining relative humidity and temperature. Juncos were more likely to depart for spring migration on nights with largely southwestern winds and on warmer and drier evenings (relative to cooler and more humid evenings). Our results indicate that weather conditions at take-off are more critical to departure decisions than the measured physiological and parasitism variables.</span></p>
Squid male alternative reproductive tactics are determined by birth date
<p>Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are discontinuous phenotypes associated with reproduction, observed in males of many species. Typically, large males adopt a tactic of competing with rivals for mating, while small males adopt a tactic of stealing fertilization opportunities from the large males. The "birthdate hypothesis", proposing that the date of birth influences the determination of each male's reproductive tactic, has been tested only in teleost fish to date. Here, the birthdate hypothesis was tested in ARTs of Japanese spear squid <em>Heterololigo bleekeri </em>(consort/sneaker) by analyzing statolith growth increments. The birth date significantly differed between consorts (early-hatch) and sneakers (late-hatch). However, no differences were detected in growth history up to 100 days from hatching. Most immature males caught during the reproductive season were larger than sneakers, and their hatch date was similar to that of consorts, suggesting that these immature males had already been following a life history pathway as a consort. These results indicate that ARTs of <em>H. bleekeri</em> are determined based on their hatch date in early life. This study firstly demonstrated the birthdate hypothesis in aquatic invertebrates, suggesting that the mechanism by which birth date determines the individual phenotype is a phenomenon more common than previously believed.</p>
• Singhpur सिंघपुर (District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh). Rājmatī step well inscription dated saṃvat VS 1535, critical edition.
<p>• Singhpur सिंघपुर (District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh). Rājmatī step well inscription dated saṃvat VS 1535, critical edition.</p>
• Singhpur सिंघपुर (District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh). Rājmatī step well inscription dated saṃvat VS 1535, translation.
<p>• Singhpur सिंघपुर (District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh). Rājmatī step well inscription dated saṃvat VS 1535, translation.</p>
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation models, data points, radiocarbon dates, and geochemical data for the Rub' al Khali Desert
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
STC-MODSCAG Snow Disappearance Date (SDD) for Western US 2001-2021
<p>Snow Disappearance Date (SDD) was derived from <em>Spatially and Temporally Complete MODIS Snow Covered Area and Grain-size (STC-MODSCAG)<strong>, </strong></em>a daily fractional snow cover product derived from Moderate Resolution Imagining Spectrometer (MODIS) surface reflectance bands that produces a spatially and temporally complete dataset. Using multiple-end member spectral mixture analysis, MODSCAG solves for subpixel snow-covered area (SCA) and grain size of the fractional snow cover. MODSCAG allows the snow spectral reflectance to vary by pixel to account for the spatial heterogeneity of snow in mountainous terrain. STC-MODSCAG is known to underestimate snow under the canopy. </p> <p>We calculated SDD for each water year by working backwards to identify the first date at which each pixel switches from “snow” (greater than 15% snow cover) to “no snow” (less than 15% snow cover) following Crumley et al. (2020). We required at least 10 days of snow cover preceding the calculated SDD to ensure ephemeral late-season snow events were not captured. We also set a threshold of 30 days of snow per water year to count as a snowy pixel of interest to avoid ephemeral snowpacks. We masked out pixels with greater than 70% canopy cover, as determined by the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD). SDD was calculated for each pixel in the seasonal snow zone across the western U.S. for the 20 years (WY 2002-2022) of STC-MODSCAG. </p>
Geomorphic dating of across-fault gully incision reveals time-invariant late Quaternary slip-rates at the eastern termination of the Altyn Tagh Fault
<p>Interpretation of fault slip-rates inferred from tectonically offset fluvial landforms is often limited by uncertainties associated with difficulties to explicitly date fluvial incision across the fault. Here, we employed morphology-based modeling to ameliorate this universal dating limitation for gullies that were differentially offset in a sinistral sense across the Altyn Tagh Fault near its eastern termination at ~97°E. Using a stream-power erosion model with locally calibrated coefficients we calculated across-fault gully incision ages that decrease with offset magnitude, are up to threefold younger than the age of the terrace they incised and all-together point towards time-invariant sinistral slip. Luminescence dating of offset alluvial terraces at the same site suggests constant sinistral slip at 0.5±0.1 mm/yr since 52±4 ka. Our results are consistent with northeastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau into stable parts of central Asia through an episodic, “stepwise” process punctuated by prolonged geologic time intervals of constant deformation rates.</p>
Paharpur (Bangladesh). Charter of Budhagupta dated year 159 (side 1).
<p><a href="https://siddham.network/inscription/in00065/">IN00065</a> Paharpur (Bangladesh). Charter of Budhagupta dated year 159 (side 1).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Paharpur (Bangladesh). Charter of Budhagupta dated year 159 (side 2).
<p><a href="https://siddham.network/inscription/in00065/">IN00065 </a>Paharpur (Bangladesh). Charter of Budhagupta dated year 159 (side 2).</p>
Data from: How to date a crocodile – estimation of neosuchian clade ages and a comparison of four time-scaling methods
<p>Clade ages within the crocodylomorph clade Neosuchia have long been debated. Molecular and morphological studies have yielded remarkably divergent results. Despite recent advances, there has been no comprehensive relative comparison of the major time calibration methods available to estimate clade ages based on morphological data. We used four methods (cal3, Extended Hedman [EH], smoothed Ghost-Lineage-Analysis [sGLA] and the Fossilised Birth-Death model [FBD]) to date clade ages derived from a published crocodylomorph supertree and a new neosuchian phylogeny. All time-scaling methods applied here agree on the origination of Neosuchia during the Late Triassic/Early Jurassic, and the presence of the major extant eusuchian groups (Crocodyloidea, Gavialoidea, Alligatoroidea, and Caimaininae) by the end of the Late Cretaceous. The number of distinct lineages present before the K/Pg boundary is less certain, with support for two competing scenarios in which Crocodylinae, Tomistominae and Diplocynodontinae either: 1) diverged from other eusuchian lineages before the K/Pg boundary; or 2) evolved during a 'burst' of diversification after the K/Pg event. Cal3 and FBD are identified as the most suitable methods for time-scaling phylogenetic trees dominated by fossil taxa. Extended Hedman estimates are substantially older than the others, with larger standard deviations and a strong vulnerability to taxon sampling and topological changes. sGLA has similar problems and cannot be recommended either. We conclude that a detailed understanding of phylogenetic relationships, tree reconstruction methods, and good taxonomic coverage (in particular the inclusion of the oldest taxon in each clade) is essential when evaluating the results of such dating analyses.</p>
Salinity of irrigation water selects distinct bacterial communities associated with Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) root
<p>Saline water irrigation has been used extensively in date palm (<em>Phoenix dactylifera </em>L.) agriculture as an alternative to non-saline freshwater due to water scarcity in hyper-arid environments. However, how saline water irrigation affects date palm root-associated bacterial communities is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of irrigation sources (non-saline vs saline water) on date palm root-associated bacterial communities and their diversity using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. The bacterial richness, Shannon diversity and evenness didn’t differ significantly between the irrigation sources. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and irrigation water pH were negatively related to Shannon diversity and evenness respectively, while soil organic matter displayed a positive correlation with Shannon diversity. Of total, 40.5% OTUs were unique to non-saline water irrigation and 26% to saline water irrigation. The multivariate analyses displayed strong structuring of bacterial communities according to irrigation sources, and both soil EC and irrigation water pH were the major factors affecting communities. The genera <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>Micromonospora</em> and <em>Mycobacterium</em> were dominated while saline water irrigation whereas contrasting pattern was observed for <em>Rhizobium</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em> and <em>Acidibacter</em>. This study suggests that while saline water irrigation date palm root select specific bacterial taxa, potentially playing a crucial role in alleviating salinity stress of the host.</p>
Development of Cost-Effective High-Modulus Asphalt 5. Report Date Aug. 2021 Concrete (HMAC) Mixtures Using Crumb Rubber and Local Construction Materials in Louisiana
<p>One of the emerging solutions to enhance the durability of asphalt pavements is the use of a French asphalt mix<br> known as “High-Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC).” This mix uses a hard asphalt binder, high binder content<br> (about 6%), and low air voids content as compared to Superpave mixtures. The key objective of this study was<br> to develop a cost-effective HMAC mixture using crumb rubber and local materials in Louisiana. To achieve this<br> objective, four HMAC mixtures were prepared using two asphalt binders (PG 82-22 and PG 76-22 plus 10%<br> crumb rubber) and two Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) contents (20% and 40%); additionally, a<br> conventional Superpave mixture in Louisiana was prepared as a control mixture. The laboratory performance<br> of these five mixtures was evaluated in terms of workability, dynamic modulus, rutting resistance, and cracking<br> resistance. The AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software was also used to estimate the long-term field<br> performance of these mixtures. Results indicated that the HMAC mixture prepared with 10% crumb rubber and<br> 20% RAP successfully met the French mix design specifications for HMAC and LaDOTD specifications. This<br> HMAC mix outperformed the control Superpave mix in terms of dynamic modulus, rutting resistance, and<br> cracking resistance. Additionally, this HMAC mixture can reduce the required asphalt thickness by 1.5 or 2<br> inches based on traffic level. The cost-effectiveness analysis indicated that this HMAC mixture was more costeffective<br> than conventional Superpave mixtures in Louisiana. In addition, this mixture is environmentallyfriendly<br> since it can reduce the disposal of scrap tires in landfills.</p>
Arrival dates of male and female willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) to their breeding site in Sweden 1979-2016
<p><span>Protandry is a widespread life-history phenomenon describing how males precede females at the site or state of reproduction. In migratory birds, protandry has important influence on individual fitness, the migratory syndrome and phenological response to climate change. </span><span>Despite its significance, accurate analyses on the dynamics of protandry using data sets collected at the breeding site, are lacking. Basing our study on records collected daily, spanning a period of 38 years, we aim to investigate protandry dynamics over time in a breeding population of willow warblers (<em>Phylloscopus trochilus</em>). </span><span>Temporal change in the timing of arrival was analysed in males and females, and protandry (number of days between male and female arrival) was investigate both at population level and within breeding pairs. </span><span>Our results show advancement in the arrival time to the breeding site in both sexes, but male arrival has advanced to a greater extent, leading to an increase in protandry both at the population level and within breeding pairs. We do not observe any change in sex ratio that could explain the protandry increase, but pronounced temperature change has occurred at the breeding area and along the migratory route. </span><span>Typically, natural selection opposes earlier arrival in males, but given warmer springs, this counteracting force may be relaxing, enabling an increase in protandry. We discuss whether our results suggests that climate change has caused sex-specific effects, if these could be evolutionary and whether the timing of important life-history stages such as arrival at the breeding site may change at different rates in males and females following environmental shifts. </span></p>
Date advanced functional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques for pediatric population diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
<p class="MsoNormal">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent childhood-onset neurodevelopment disorder. Several clinical tools are used for ADHD diagnosis such as behavior rating scales, intelligence tests, severity, and dysfunction scales. However, these methods depend to the experience and training of physician increasing human error. DICOM Images using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides quantitative result such as fractional anisotropy or the number of tracts that could be helpful to support ADHD diagnosis.</p>
14C dating of event layers in Erimo, Hokkaido, Japan
<p><sup>This 14C dating data is associated with the academic paper published in "Spatial extent of mid- to late-Holocene sedimentary record of tsunamis along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan." For details of the paper, please refer to the link below.</sup></p> <p><sup><a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022GC010334" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010334</a></sup></p> <p> </p>
Combined U-series and in situ U-Pb dating of fault-related carbonates for reconstructing a long-term history of fault activity in response to SE Tibetan Plateau brittle deformation
<p>Table S1. Analytical conditions for LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating</p> <p>Table S2. Analytical conditions for LA-ICP-MS elemental mapping</p> <p>Table S3.<em> In situ </em>calcite LA-ICAPMS U-Pb dating data</p>
Zircon dates long-lived plume dynamics in oceanic islands
<p><strong>Here we present a new data set from ten islands of the hot-spot related Galapagos Archipelago. That includes zircon U-Pb geochronology and δ18O - εHf(t) isotope geochemistry and whole rock geochemistry. The methodology includes different analytical technics like SHRIMP II, LA-MC-ICPMS, ICP, and XRD.</strong></p> <p><strong>This repository contains the following files:</strong></p> <p><strong>Table S1. </strong>LA-MC-ICPMS Lu-Hf isotope data of Galápagos zircons measured at Hong Kong University.</p> <p><strong>Table S2. </strong>LA-MC-ICPMS Lu-Hf isotope data of Galápagos zircons measured at Frankfurt University.</p> <p><strong>Table S3.</strong> Major and trace element concentrations for Galápagos samples.</p> <p><strong>Table S4. </strong>Oxygen isotope ratios for Galápagos zircons.</p> <p><strong>Table S5. </strong>Thermo-mechanical properties of the rock phase.</p> <p><strong>Table S6.</strong> List of the numerical experiments.</p> <p><strong>Table S7:</strong> List of the experiments used to calibrate the permeable boundary condition.</p> <p><strong>Table S8.</strong> (A) Hf Isotope Ratios in Galapagos Lavas (After (Blichert-Toft & White, 2001). (B) Oxygen isotopic ratios of plagioclase separates from Galapagos lavas and xenoliths (Geist et al., 1998). (C) Oxygen isotope compositions of olivine grains from subaerial lavas (Peterson et al., 2019). (D) Hf Isotope Compositions (±2s) of Submarine Ridges in the Panama Basin and of CLIP (Caribbean Large Igneous Province) rocks (Geldmacher et al., 2003).</p> <p>Movie S1</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.