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opennotspecifiedDec 2019View details →

FIGURE 21 in Morphological development, distribution and ecology of the arctic oribatid mite Hermannia scabra (Acari: Oribatida: Hermanniidae) and synonymy of Hermannia gigantea

FIGURE 21. Hermannia scabra (L. Koch, 1879), larva (A–C), deutonymph (D–F) and tritonymph (G–I), microscope images: A, D, G—dorsal view; B, E, H—lateral view; C, F, I—ventral view.

opennotspecifiedDec 2019View details →

FIGURE 5 in Morphological development, distribution and ecology of the arctic oribatid mite Hermannia scabra (Acari: Oribatida: Hermanniidae) and synonymy of Hermannia gigantea

FIGURE 5. Hermannia scabra (L. Koch, 1879), adult, SEM micrographs: A—anterior view; B—posterior view. Scale bars 200 μm (A), 100 μm (B).

opennotspecifiedApr 2019View details →

FIGURE 3 in On the distribution and ecology of Culiseta (Culicella) ochroptera (Peus) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany

FIGURE 3. Larval habitats in the 'Dubringer Moor'. A, Small puddle; B, large puddle; C, ditch; D, edges of pond.

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

FIGURE 3. Leptagrion dispar. a in Description of the larva of Leptagrion dispar Selys, 1876 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with notes on distribution and ecology of the specie

FIGURE 3. Leptagrion dispar. a—Last larval instar, dorsal view; b—Head and thorax—dorsal view; c—Prementum—dorsal view; d—Labial palp, dorsal view; e—Right mandible, inner view; f—Left mandible, inner view; g—Gonapophysis and cercus of the male, ventral view; h—lamellas—dorsal view; i—Median caudal lamella—dorsal view; j—Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. Scales: Fig. a = 5 mm, Figs. b–d = 1 mm, Figs. e–f = 0,5 mm, Figs. g–j = 1 mm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2020View details →

FIGURE 3. 1 in Ecological study based on the distribution of recent foraminifers from southeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentinean Continental Shelf

FIGURE 3. 1. Buccella peruviana (d´Orbigny), dorsal view; UCN-PMIC-209. 2. Buccella peruviana (d´Orbigny), umbilical view; UCN-PMIC-210. 3. Ammonia parkinsoniana (d´Orbigny) dorsal view; UCN-PMIC-211. 4. Ammonia parkinsoniana (d´Orbigny) umbilical view; UCN-PMIC-212. 5. Cribroelphidium gunteri (Cole), UCN-PMIC-213. 6. Cibicides aknerianus (d´Orbigny), dorsal view, UCN-PMIC-214. 7. Quinqueloculina patagonica d´Orbigny; UCN-PMIC-215. 8. Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné); UCN-PMIC-216. 9. Pyrgo ringens Lamarck, UCN-PMIC-217. 10. Bolivina ordinaria Phleger & Parker, UCN-PMIC-218. 11. Bolivina pseudoplicata Heron-Allen & Earland, UCN-PMIC-219. 12. Milliolinella subrotunda (Montagu), UCN-PMIC-220 (Scale = 100µm).

opennotspecifiedJul 2020View details →

FIGURE 1 in Ecological study based on the distribution of recent foraminifers from southeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentinean Continental Shelf

FIGURE 1. Map showing samples and batimetry of the study area to the southeast Buenos Aires province.

opennotspecifiedJul 2020View details →

FIGURE 2 in Ecological study based on the distribution of recent foraminifers from southeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentinean Continental Shelf

FIGURE 2. Foraminifera species distribution (≥ 1%), Total abundance (Total A) and diversity such as species number (S) and Shannon Wienner index (H) for each sample.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Ecological niche modeling as a tool for prediction of the potential geographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis spores in Tanzania

Introduction: Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The aim of this study was to predict the potential distribution of B. anthracis in Tanzania and produce epidemiological evidence for the management of anthrax outbreaks in the country. Methods: The Maxent algorithm was used to predict areas at risk of anthrax outbreaks based on the occurrence and environmental data in Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions; the model was later transferred to predict the entire country. Seventy percent of the occurrence data were used to train the model, while 30% were used for model evaluation. Results: Four regions of northern Tanzania are predicted to have a high risk for anthrax outbreaks, while the southern and western regions had low-risk areas. Soil type (56.5%), soil pH (23.7%), and isothermally (10.4%) were the most important variables for the model prediction, and the most significant soil types were solonetz, fluvisols, and lithosols. Conclusions: A strong risk level across districts of the Tanzania mainland was identified in this study. A total of 18 districts in Tanzania Mainland are predicted to be at very high risk of an anthrax outbreak occurrence. These findings are important for policymakers to effectively mount targeted control measures for anthrax outbreaks in Tanzania.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Ecological and genetic determinants of plasmid distribution in Escherichia coli

Bacterial plasmids are important carriers of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Nevertheless, little is known of the determinants of plasmid distribution in bacterial populations. Here the factors affecting the diversity and distribution of the large plasmids of Escherichia coli were explored in cattle grazing on semi-natural grassland, a set of populations with low frequencies of antibiotic resistance genes. Critically, the population genetic structure of bacterial hosts was chararacterized. This revealed structured E. coli populations with high diversity between sites and individuals but low diversity within cattle hosts. Plasmid profiles, however, varied considerably within the same E. coli genotype. Both ecological and genetic factors affected plasmid distribution: plasmid profiles were affected by site, E. coli diversity, E. coli genotype and the presence of other large plasmids. Notably 3/26 E. coli serotypes accounted for half the observed plasmid-free isolates indicating that within species variation can substantially affect carriage of the major conjugative plasmids. The observed population structure suggest that most of the opportunities for within species plasmid transfer occur between different individuals of the same genotype and support recent experimental work indicating that plasmid–host coevolution, and epistatic interactions on fitness costs are likely to be important in determining occupancy.

opencc-zeroDec 2010View details →

Data from: The geographical and institutional distribution of ecological research in the tropics

We reviewed 1333 papers published in Biotropica and the Journal of Tropical Ecology from 1995 to 2004. Only 62 percent of tropical countries were represented in our survey, with 62 percent of the publications based on research conducted in only ten countries. Sixty-two percent of papers had lead authors that were based at institutions outside the country where the research was conducted. Cross-national collaboration was limited, accounting for only 28 percent of papers with multiple authors. To evaluate if our choice of focal journals could have biased our results, we also reviewed 652 papers published in Ecology, Oecologia, Conservation Biology, and Biological Conservation for five randomly selected years from the same time period. While some differences in authorship and the geographic distribution of research existed, the results from these journals generally mirrored patterns observed in the two focal ones—almost 54 percent of publications were based on research conducted in only ten countries, and most studies had lead authors from a developed country. The results of our review suggest that the geographical distribution of research in the tropics is unequal, and that some important regions remain understudied. The results also suggest a need for a greater focus on establishing collaborative relationships with scientists from tropical countries.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Impact of prey occupancy and other ecological and anthropogenic factors on tiger distribution in Thailand's Western Forest Complex

1. Despite conservation efforts, large mammals such as tigers and their main prey, gaur, banteng, and sambar, are highly threatened and declining across their entire range. The only large viable source population of tigers in mainland Southeast Asia occurs in Thailand's Western Forest Complex (WEFCOM), an approximately 19,000 km2 landscape of 17 contiguous protected areas. 2. We used an occupancy modeling framework, which accounts for imperfect detection, to identify the factors that affect tiger distribution at the approximate scale of a female tiger's home range, 64 km2, and site use at a scale of 1 km2 in WEFCOM. At the larger scale, we estimated the proportion of sites occupied by tigers; at the finer scale, we identified the key variables that influence site-use and developed a predictive distribution map. At both scales, we examined key ecological and anthropogenic factors that help explain distribution and preferred habitat use. 3. WEFCOM is virtually only "half full" of tigers, it occupied 37% or 5,858 km2 of the landscape which was largely influenced by the combined presence of all three large prey species; in contrast, site use was most strongly influenced by presence of sambar. 4. By modeling occupancy while accounting for imperfect probability of detection, we established reliable benchmark data on the distribution of tigers. This study also identified factors that limit tiger distributions; which managers can then target to expand tiger distribution in WEFCOM and guide recovery elsewhere in Southeast Asia.

FIGURES 12–15 in A review of the ecology and distribution of Protoribates (Oribatida, Oripodoidea, Haplozetidae) in Alberta, Canada, with the description of a new species

FIGURES 12–15. Protoribates haughlandae sp. n., Alberta, Canada. Adult legs in lateral views (scale bars = 10 µm). 12 tarsus and tibia I 13 leg II 14 leg III (arrow points to tip of discidium) 15 leg IV.

FIGURES 25–26. Protoribates robustior Jacot, 1937 in A review of the ecology and distribution of Protoribates (Oribatida, Oripodoidea, Haplozetidae) in Alberta, Canada, with the description of a new species

FIGURES 25–26. Protoribates robustior Jacot, 1937, New York, USA. Adult (scale bars = 10 µm) 25 tarsus and tibia I–II lateral view 26 tarsus I–II paraxial view.

FIGURES 8–11 in A review of the ecology and distribution of Protoribates (Oribatida, Oripodoidea, Haplozetidae) in Alberta, Canada, with the description of a new species

FIGURES 8–11. Protoribates haughlandae sp. n., Alberta, Canada. Adult. 8 lateral view of anterior with legs I–II withdrawn (scale bar = 50 µm) 9 dorso-lateral view of anterior with legs I–II extended to show tutorium (arrow) (scale bar = 30) 10 lateral view mouthparts (scale bar = 10 µm) 11 details of palpal tarsus (it' not visible, scale bar = 1 µm).

FIGURES 1–7 in A review of the ecology and distribution of Protoribates (Oribatida, Oripodoidea, Haplozetidae) in Alberta, Canada, with the description of a new species

FIGURES 1–7. Protoribates haughlandae sp. n., Alberta, Canada. Adult. 1 dorsal habitus with left pteromorph extended (scale bar = 100 µm) 2 ventral habitus (scale bar = 50 µm) 3 lateral habitus (scale bar = 200 µm) 4 light micrograph of right pteromorph (scale bar = 100 µm, arrow points to hinge) 5 discidium (scale bar = 5 µm) 6 famulus of leg I (scale bar = 1 µm) 7 arthropod cuticle in gut bolus (scale bar = 25 µm).

FIGURES 27–29 Protoribates capucinus Berlese, 1908, Nova Scotia. Adult. 27 in A review of the ecology and distribution of Protoribates (Oribatida, Oripodoidea, Haplozetidae) in Alberta, Canada, with the description of a new species

FIGURES 27–29 Protoribates capucinus Berlese, 1908, Nova Scotia. Adult. 27 Dorsosejugal region (arrow points to a dorsophragma). Protoribates imperfectus (Banks, 1906), Florida, USA. Adult. 28 alar region showing elongate, sinuate porose area Aa and setae lm, la. Protoribates oblongus (Ewing, 1909), Missouri, USA. Adult. 29 lateral view of tarsus and tibia I.

FIGURES 18–24. Protoribates robustior Jacot, 1937 in A review of the ecology and distribution of Protoribates (Oribatida, Oripodoidea, Haplozetidae) in Alberta, Canada, with the description of a new species

FIGURES 18–24. Protoribates robustior Jacot, 1937, New York, USA (18–20), Alberta, Canada (21–24). Adult (scale bars = 50 µm, except 20 = 10 µm) 18 frontal view 19 ventral habitus 20 lateral view palps, rutellum 21 dorsal view prodorsum 22 lateral habitus 23 light micrograph of porose area Aa (12 µm diameter) 24 discidium (60 µm long).

FIGURES 16–17 in A review of the ecology and distribution of Protoribates (Oribatida, Oripodoidea, Haplozetidae) in Alberta, Canada, with the description of a new species

FIGURES 16–17. Protoribates haughlandae sp. n., Alberta, Canada. Deutonymph (scale bar = 50 µm). 16 dorsal habitus 17 ventral habitus (arrow points to bifurcate claw III).

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →

FIGURE 7 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

FIGURE 7. Size (in mm SL) and maturity information for Azygopus flemingi collected from various locations in marine waters off New Zealand. A. Summary of size information for 122 specimens (sexes combined). B. Summary of size and maturity information for males. C. Summary of size and maturity information for females.