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Figure 7. A in New fossil mousebird (Aves: Coliiformes) with feather preservation provides insight into the ecological diversity of an Eocene North American avifauna
Figure 7. A, spread wing of Urocolius indicus (Coliidae: NCSM 19741) in ventral view. B, spread wing of Hirundo rustica (Hirundinidae: PSU 11196a) in ventral view. C, wing of Celericolius acriala (Coliiformes: FMNH PA 730), with arrows indicating the leading edge of the wing.
Figure 4 in New fossil mousebird (Aves: Coliiformes) with feather preservation provides insight into the ecological diversity of an Eocene North American avifauna
Figure 4. Photograph and line drawing of Celericolius acriala (FMNH PA 730). Abbreviations: dI, pedal digit I; dII, pedal digit II; dIII, pedal digit III; dIV, pedal digit IV; f, furcula; lcmc, left carpometacarpus; lhu, left humerus; lra, left radius; ltbt, left tibiotarsus; ltmt, left tarsometatarsus; lul, left ulna; mpI-1, manual phalanx I-1; mpII-1, manual phalanx II-1; mpII-2, manual phalanx II-2; mpIII-1, manual phalanx III-1; py, pygostyle; rad, radiale; rcmc, right carpometacarpus; rest, artificially restored tip of the beak; rf, right femur; rra, right radius; rtbt, right tibiotarsus; rtmt, right tarsometatarsus; ruln, right ulna; sc, scapula; st, sternum; ul, ulnare; uln, ulna.
Figure 2 in New fossil mousebird (Aves: Coliiformes) with feather preservation provides insight into the ecological diversity of an Eocene North American avifauna
Figure 2. Map of the USA showing the extent of the Green River lake system during the late early Eocene (modified from Grande & Buchheim, 1994). Fossil Lake is enlarged on the right, with locality letters and distribution of major lithofacies following the system of Grande & Buchheim (1994). Localities A (Lewis Ranch Site 1, type locality of Celericolius acriala) and K (Warfield Springs, type locality of the sandcoleid Anneavis anneae) have yielded fossil Coliiformes.
Figure 1 in New fossil mousebird (Aves: Coliiformes) with feather preservation provides insight into the ecological diversity of an Eocene North American avifauna
Figure 1. Map showing the distribution of extant Coliidae (light grey) and localities yielding fossil Coliiformes (dark-grey circles). Distribution of extant species follows de Juana (2001).
The functional diversity of marsupial limbs is influenced by both ecology and developmental constraint
<p>Extant marsupials are less ecologically diverse than placentals, and this is reflected by placentals exhibiting a greater diversity of locomotor modes, including powered flight and fully aquatic swimming. One proposed explanation for this discrepancy is that the development of more disparate marsupial forelimbs is prevented by the neonate's crawl to the pouch, which requires precocious forelimb development for climbing adaptations. To test predictions of this Developmental Constraint Hypothesis, we pursue a comparative morphometric study on osteological traits of mammalian limbs, with an emphasis on functional differentiation of marsupial limbs among locomotor modes. We apply multivariate analyses to a large dataset of limb metrics and a diverse sample of mammals, with the placental sample limited to taxa whose locomotor modes are exhibited in marsupials. Overall, we do not find consistent evidence in support of the Developmental Constraint Hypothesis. Diprotodontia serves as an exception, with comparisons of their forelimbs to hind limbs supporting the Developmental Constraint Hypothesis. Our results suggest that developmental constraints on marsupial forelimbs may have limited marsupial diversity to some degree. Despite this, the marsupial locomotor groups show unexpectedly high levels of morphological differentiation relative to placentals of the same locomotor modes, indicating that ecological functions may overcome developmental constraints on a macroevolutionary scale.</p>
Historical connections between Atlantic Forest and Amazonia drove genetic and ecological diversity in Lithobates palmipes (Anura, Ranidae)
<p>The Atlantic and Amazon rainforests have a shared but unclear past, with intermittent connections resulting from historical climate change. We investigate these connections by studying the phylogeography and climatic niche of the disjunct distributed frog<em> Lithobates palmipes</em>. We sequenced two fragments of mitochondrial DNA from Atlantic Forest (AtF) and Amazonia (AmF) individuals and evaluated how genetic diversity is distributed in space and whether past demographic changes occurred. Also, we evaluated the existence of past suitable connections between biomes for<em> L. palmipes</em> through ecological niche models (ENM) and tested for niche divergence. The AtF group is nested within the AmF group and closely related to individuals from eastern Amazonia, a pattern recovered in many species that used northeast connection routes. We found evidence of recurrent use of connections in different directions and time during the Pleistocene, resulting in genetic structure between biomes, with no signal of demographic change and evidence of niche divergence across both genetic groups. ENMs indicated suitable areas connecting forests throughout northeastern Brazil during the Pleistocene. Mitochondrial lineages do not match biomes exactly. One lineage is composed of AtF populations and eastern Amazonia individuals. The other is composed of western Amazonia individuals, suggesting an effect of past climatic heterogeneity within the Amazonia forest. This is the first evidence that this route drove genetic and ecological diversity for amphibians recently, a group with habits and ecological requirements different from other vertebrates that have been shown to use this putative corridor.</p>
Fig. 2 in A Review Of Species Diversity, Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Gastropod Molluscs Inhabiting The Ukrainian Transcarpathian
Fig. 2. Selected types of ecotopes in the region of materials sampling, Transcarpathia: 1— Chorna Voda (Mertse) River, near the Gat village (locality 15); 2 — artificial pool in the floodplain of Latorytsia River, near Chop town (locality 8); 3 — stream near the Bukove village (locality 20); 4 — creek in the territory of Carpathian Biosphere Reserve Headquarters (locality 5).
Fig. 3 in A Review Of Species Diversity, Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Gastropod Molluscs Inhabiting The Ukrainian Transcarpathian
Fig. 3. Shells of Transcarpathian gastropod molluscs: 1 — Viviparus viviparus (locality 12); 2 — Contectiana contecta (locality 15); 3 — Viviparus sphaeridius (locality 12); 4 — Bithynia tentaculata (locality 15); 5 — Valvata (Cincinna) ambigua (locality 15); 6 — Bithynia troschelii (locality 13); 7 — Valvata (Cincinna) piscinalis (locality 22); 8 — Lithoglyphus naticoides (locality 9); 9–11 — Planorbis planorbis (locality 15); 12, 13 — Planorbarius corneus (locality 15). Scale bars are given for 1–3, 4–8, and 9–13 correspondingly.
Fig. 4 in A Review Of Species Diversity, Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Gastropod Molluscs Inhabiting The Ukrainian Transcarpathian
Fig. 4. Shells of Transcarpathian gastropod molluscs: 1 — Radix peregra (locality 55); 2 — R. lagotis (locality 48); 3–5 — Physa acuta (3, 4—from locality 6; 5 — locality 15); 6–8 — Anisus septemgyratus (locality 58); 9–11 — Anisus spirorbis (locality 16); 12–14 — Gyraulus albus (locality 16); 15–17 — Segmentina nitida (locality 14); 18–20 — S. montgazoniana (locality 7); 21–23 — Ancylus fluviatilis (locality 58).
Figure 1 in Diversity and ecology of parasitic fauna of the endemic Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken, 1875 from the Caatinga Domain, Brazil
Figure 1. Richness of parasitic infracommunities in Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken, 1875 captured in the Lima Campos dam, municipality of Icó, Ceará state, Brazil.
Seasonal Variations of Microbial Communities and Viral Diversity in Fishery-Enhanced Marine Ranching Sediments: Insights into Metabolic Potentials and Ecological Interactions
<p>Sediment samples were collected in four seasons from May 2022 to January 2023 from the Tian coastal marine ranching (36°91′ N and 122°15′ E) located along Jinghai Bay in Weihai City, Shandong Province, China. We employed amplicon (16S and 18S) and metagenomic approaches aiming to reveal the seasonal patterns of microbial communities, bacterial-eukaryotic interactions, whole metabolic potential, and their coupling mechanisms with carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) cycling in marine ranching sediments. Additionally, the characterization and diversity of viral communities in different seasons were explored in marine ranching sediments. This dataset mainly includes amplicon sequencing (16S and 18S) generated ASV tables (after rarefied), corresponding taxonomic classification tables, metagenome assembly (Single assembly and Co-assembly), <span>metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs)</span> sequences, and <span>viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs)</span> sequences.</p>
Fig. 2 in Pauesia species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking Eulachnini aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) on coniferous plants in Lithuania: ecological and mitochondrial COI diversity
Fig. 2 Haplotype networks of Pauesia species attacking Eulachnini aphids in Lithuania based on partial COI fragment
Fig. 10 in Taxonomic, ecological and morphological diversity of Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean amphipods: a review
Fig. 10 Examples of evolutionary convergent patterns in body armature of species inhabiting various ancient lakes. (a) Axelboeckia spinosa (Caspian Sea, redrawn after Sars (1894b)), (b) Acanthogammarus lappaceus (Lake Baikal, redrawn after Daneliya et al. (2011)), (c) Issykogammarus hamatus (Lake Issyk-Kul, redrawn after Chevreux (1908)) and (d) Hyalella armata (Lake Titicaca, redrawn after González and Coleman (2002))
Fig. 9 in Taxonomic, ecological and morphological diversity of Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean amphipods: a review
Fig. 9 Examples of putative ecomorphological convergence of Ponto-Caspian and distantly related oceanic taxa. PontoCaspian species are shown with a green star. (a) Symbiotic ecomorph adapted to piercing various organic substrates (redrawn from Derzhavin (1948) and Lorz et al. (2010)), (b) digger ecomorph adapted for digging and burrowing in fine substrates (redrawn from Sars (1895) and Barnard (1967)), (c) clinger ecomorph adapted to cling on algal and vegetal substrates (redrawn from Sars (1896)) and (d) crawler ecomorph adapted to a generalist lifestyle, usually hiding in coarse stony substrates (redrawn from Sars (1896) and Garcia-Madrigal (2010)). The phylogenetic tree is a timecalibrated molecular phylogeny of Amphipoda modified after CopilaȘ-Ciocianu et al. (2020a)
Fig. 7 in Taxonomic, ecological and morphological diversity of Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean amphipods: a review
Fig. 7 Depth ranges structured by taxonomic composition. The inset graph depicts the number of species occurring in 50 m depth intervals
Fig. 8 in Taxonomic, ecological and morphological diversity of Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean amphipods: a review
Fig. 8 Boxplots comparing selected traits among the four proposed ecomorphs. PC1 refers to the first principal component resulting from the PCA analysis. It mainly describes the gradient from slender bodies with long antennae (negative values) to stout bodies with short antennae (positive values). All traits except body length and PC1 values are presented relative to total body length
Fig. 5 in Taxonomic, ecological and morphological diversity of Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean amphipods: a review
Fig. 5 (a) PCA scatterplot depicting the morphological gradients along the first two axes. Genera represented by at least three data points are shown with a uniquely colored convex hull and dots. Monotypic genera are depicted with various black symbols and shapes. (b) The same PCA as in (a) but with convex hulls delineating putative ecomorphs. Asterisks indicate morph centroid. For each morph, a representative species is shown. The pie charts indicate the proportion of species occurring on various substrates within each ecomorph
Fig. 4 in Taxonomic, ecological and morphological diversity of Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean amphipods: a review
Fig. 4 Habitus and morphological diversity of the endemic Ponto-Caspian gammaroid radiation. Caspicola knipovitschi and Zernovia volgensis are shown to scale in circles and enlarged outside the circles. All images are redrawn after the original
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic, ecological and morphological diversity of Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean amphipods: a review
Fig. 1 Overview map of the Ponto-Caspian region, which includes the Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral seas as well as the adjacent lagoons and lower river stretches. Red numerals indicate the number of valid endemic Ponto-Caspian species (including non-Gammaroidea) in various regions (Azov and Black seas shown together). Note that the Azov/Black Sea region shares 43 species with the Caspian Sea. The area delimited with transparent white indicates the maximum extent of the Paratethys Sea during the Late Miocene (ca. 11 Ma) (Palcu et al., 2021). All of the contemporary seas are remnants of the Paratethys
FIGURE 12. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 12. A. Didymoglossum barklyanum (Baker) J.P.Roux, as lithophyte (Mauritius, 'Vallée d'Osterlog'). B. D. lorencei (Tardieu) Ebihara & Dubuisson, as lithophyte (La Réunion, 'Grand Etang'). C. D. lorencei, detail of frond with marginal trichomes (photographs. A–C: J.-Y. Dubuisson; D: J.-M. Tamon).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.