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1,921 results for “fertilizers”

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zenodo36/100

Mating compatibility and fertility studies in an herbaceous perennial undergoing de novo domestication

De novo domestication has received recent attention because of the potential to produce new crop species with niche agroecosystem functions and useful products for climate-resilient agricultural systems of the future. However, there are often deficiencies in wild species that make them difficult to domesticate, including a mating system that is incompatible with preferred plant breeding methods and the lack of standing variation for certain traits requiring improvement. We evaluated a continuum of mating from self-pollination to interspecific hybridization in Silphium integrifolium and S. perfoliatum to determine the extent of possible gene flow between the species, and the potential for fixation of favorable domestication genes by self-pollination. Our results indicate that interspecific hybrids can be developed, potentially facilitating movement of traits from one species to another. Further, self-pollination is also possible in both species and their interspecific hybrids, but the rate is variable based on genotype. This has profound implications for using standard plant breeding and plant genetic methods in the study and improvement of these species.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

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Data from: Repeated evidence that the accelerated evolution of sperm is associated with their fertilization function

Spermatozoa are the most morphologically diverse cell type, leading to the widespread assumption that they evolve rapidly. However, there is no direct evidence that sperm evolve faster than other male traits. Such a test requires comparing male traits that operate in the same selective environment, ideally produced from the same tissue, yet vary in function. Here we examine rates of phenotypic evolution in sperm morphology using two insect groups where males produce fertile and non-fertile sperm types (Drosophila species from the obscura group and Lepidoptera), where these constraints are solved. Moreover, in Drosophila we test the relationship between rates of sperm evolution and the link with the putative selective pressures of fertilization function and postcopulatory sexual selection exerted by female reproductive organs.We find repeated evolutionary patterns across these insect groups – lengths of fertile sperm evolve faster than non-fertile sperm. In Drosophila, fertile sperm length evolved faster than body size, but at the same rate as female reproductive organ length. We also compare rates of evolution of different sperm components, showing that head length evolves faster in fertile sperm while flagellum length evolves faster in non-fertile sperm. Our study provides direct evidence that sperm length evolves more rapidly in fertile sperm, likely because of their functional role in securing male fertility and in response to selection imposed by female reproductive organs.

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

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How female × male and male × male interactions influence competitive fertilization in Drosophila melanogaster

How males and females contribute to joint reproductive success has been a long-standing question in sexual selection. Under postcopulatory sexual selection (PSS), paternity success is predicted to derive from complex interactions among females engaging in cryptic female choice and males engaging in sperm competition. Such interactions have been identified as potential sources of genetic variation in sexually selected traits but are also expected to inhibit trait diversification. To date, studies of interactions between females and competing males have focused almost exclusively on genotypes and not phenotypic variation in sexually selected traits. Here, we characterize within- and between-sex interactions in Drosophila melanogaster using isogenic lines with heritable variation in both male and female traits known to influence competitive fertilization. We confirmed, and expanded on, previously reported genotypic interactions within and between the sexes, and showed that several reproductive events, including sperm transfer, female sperm ejection and sperm storage, were explained by two- and three-way interactions among sex-specific phenotypes. We also documented complex interactions between the lengths of competing males' sperm and the female seminal receptacle, which are known to have experienced rapid female-male co-diversification. Our results highlight the non-independence of sperm competition and cryptic female choice and demonstrate that complex interactions between the sexes do not limit the ability of multivariate systems to respond to directional sexual selection.

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

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Positive genetic covariance between male sexual ornamentation and fertilizing capacity

Postcopulatory sexual selection results from variation in competitive fertilization success among males, and comprises powerful evolutionary forces that operate after the onset of mating [1, 2]. Theoretical advances in the field of sexual selection addressing the build-up and co-evolutionary consequences of genetic coupling [3-5], motivate the hypothesis that indirect postcopulatory sexual selection may promote evolution of male secondary sexual traits—those traits traditionally ascribed to mate choice and male fighting [6, 7]. A crucial prediction of this hypothesis is genetic covariance between trait expression and competitive fertilization success, which has been predicted to arise, for example, when traits subject to pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection are under positive correlational selection [8]. We imposed bidirectional artificial selection on male ornament (sex comb) size in Drosophila bipectinata, and demonstrate increased competitive fertilization success as a correlated evolutionary response to increasing ornament size. Transcriptional analyses revealed that levels of specific seminal fluid proteins repeatedly shifted in response to this selection, suggesting that properties of the ejaculate rather than the enlarged sex comb itself contributed fertilizing capacity. We used ultraprecise laser surgery to reduce ornament size of high line males, and found that their fertilizing superiority persisted despite the size reduction, reinforcing the transcriptional results. The data support the existence of positive genetic covariance between a male secondary sexual trait and competitive fertilization success, and suggest the possibility that indirect postcopulatory sexual selection may under certain conditions magnify net selection on ornamental trait expression.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

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Improving the understanding of phosphate fertilization in soil P content, acid phosphatase and production of sugarcane

The sugarcane crop is grown in large areas and has a productive chain of billions of dollars. In its chain, they are involved from sugar production to second generation hydrated alcohol. Phosphate nutrition is of great importance for culture, therefore requiring further studies. We sought to evaluate sources and doses of P in the absence/presence of filter cake. The first three models refer to P2O5 sources and doses in the absence of the filter cake and the last three models refer to P2O5 sources and doses in the presence of the filter cake (7.5 Mg ha-1, in dry weight). As a statistical basis, we used average, median, maximum, minimum and standard deviation data for the variables evaluated.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

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The genetic basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in wheat

Hybrid wheat varieties give higher yields than conventional lines but are difficult to produce due to a lack of effective control of male fertility in breeding lines. One promising system involves the Rf1 and Rf3 genes that restore fertility of wheat plants carrying Triticum timopheevii-type cytoplasmic male sterility (T-CMS). By genetic mapping and comparative sequence analyses we identified Rf1 and Rf3 candidates that could restore normal pollen production in transgenic wheat plants carrying T-CMS. We show that Rf1 and Rf3 bind to the mitochondrial orf279 transcript and induce cleavage, preventing expression of the CMS trait. The identification of restorer genes in wheat is an important step towards the development of hybrid wheat varieties based on a CMS-Rf system. The characterisation of their mode of action brings new insights into the molecular basis of CMS and fertility restoration in plants. This dataset includes transcript count and coverage data from 2 RNA-seq experiments looking at gene expression in various male-sterile or male-fertile wheat lines examined in the course of this research.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

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Tree damage data from a 2009 windstorm in a temperate forest nitrogen fertilization experiment

This repository contains the data and analysis for the paper Nitrogen fertilization increases windstorm damage in an aggrading forest by Walter, C.A., Fowler, Z.K., Adams, M.B., Burnham, M.B., McNeil, B.E., and W.T Peterjohn (2021) in the journal Forests, 12, 443. Open-access article available at <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/443">https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/443</a>. The analysis follows a two-step process: <ol> <li>Prepare data using ba.csv and damage.csv in the script Data_prep.R</li> <li>Use prepared data in analysis.csv to perform bootstrap analysis in the script Analysis.R</li> </ol>   Description Analysis ba.csv and damage.csv are the datasheets corresponding to the 2009 forest inventory and the 2011 forest damage assessment in the LTSP experiment. These datasheets are run through the analysis pipeline Data_prep.R to create the analysisdata.csv datasheet that is used in the bootstrap analysis Analysis.R Data_prep.R calculates the percentage of stems and the basal area damaged in each LTSP treatment subunits (called "square"). It does this for all spp. together, by spp., by damage type, and by damage severity. This results in 17 response variables that are used in the bootstrap analysis. These data are written to analysisdata.csv. Analysis.R uses the prepped datasheet analysisdata.csv to compute empirical means across treatments, and create bootstrapped mean distributions using an 50,000 random samples. The empirical means are compared to the boostrapped mean distributions to calculate p-values. A detailed explanation of the analysis is available in the paper at <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/443">https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/443</a>. Data There are three datasheets in this repository - ba.csv, damage.csv, and analysisdata.csv. ba.csv is the data from the 2009 forest inventory in the LTSP (Fowler et al. 2014). damage.csv is the data from the 2011 damage survey in the LTSP. And analysisdata.csv is analysis product of both ba.csv and damage.csv, data for the percentage of trees (basal area or stems) damaged. The attributes are explained as follows: ba.csv: block - LTSP block number [integer] trmt - LTSP treatment name [string] plot - LTSP plot number [integer] square - subunit of plot [integer] area_m2 - area of square in square meters [float] area_ha - area of square in ha [float] date - date square was sampled [date] spp - species four-letter code [string] tree - individual tree number [integer] branch - individual branch of individual tree number [integer] status - tree mortality status; L = live, D = Dead [binary string] dbh_cm - tree / branch diameter at breast height in centimeters [float] ba_m2 - tree / branch diameter at breast height in meters [float] baperham2 - basal area per hectare in square meters [float] uniq_square - concatenation of block|plot|square|trmt [string] uniq_plot - concatenation of block|plot|trmt [string] damage.csv: block - LTSP block number [integer] plot - LTSP plot number [integer] square - subunit of plot [integer] spp - species four-letter code [string] status - tree mortality status; L = live, D = Dead [binary string] damagetype - damage type designation; B = bent, T = tipup, S = snap [string] degree - damage degree; M = moderate, S = significant, E = extensive, P = prostrate [string] damagecat - concatenation of damagetype and degree [string] damagecont - arbitrarily designated ordinal scale of damagecat [integer] dbh_cm - tree / branch diameter at breast height in centimeters [float] ba_m2 - tree / branch diameter at breast height in meters [float] trmt - LTSP treatment name [string] uniq_square - concatenation of block|plot|square|trmt [string] uniq_plot - concatenation of block|plot|trmt [string] analysisdata.csv:  trmt - LTSP treatment name [string] uniq_square - concatenation of block|plot|square|trmt [string] totalba - total basal area in square meters of the square [float] damageba - damaged ba in square meters of the square [float] pctbadam - percentage of the totalba damaged [float] totstems - total number of stems in the square [integer] damstems - number of damages stems in the square [integer] pctstemdam - percentage of totstems damaged in the square [float] sumbent - sum of bent stems in the square [integer] sumsnap - sum of snap stems in the square [integer] sumtipup - sum of tiput stems in the square [integer] pctbent - percentage of damaged stems of damage type bent in the square [float] pctsnap - percentage of damaged stems of damage type snap in the square [float] pcttipup - percentage of damaged stems of damage type tipup in the square [float] sumseverE - sum of stems of damage severity class E (Extensive) in square [integer] sumseverM - sum of stems of damage severity class M (Moderate) in square [integer] sumseverP - sum of stems of damage severity class P (Prostrate) in square [integer] sumseverS - sum of stems of damage severity class S (Severe) in square [integer] pctseverE - percentage of damaged stems of damage severity class E (Extensive) in square [float] pctseverM - percentage of damaged stems of damage severity class M (Moderate) in square [float] pctseverP - percentage of damaged stems of damage severity class P (Prostrate) in square [float] pctseverS - percentage of damaged stems of damage severity class S (Severe) in square [float] prpestemdam - sum of prpe stems damaged in square [integer] litustemdam - sum of litu stems damaged in square [integer] prsestemdam - sum of prse stems damaged in square [integer] belestemdam - sum of bele stems damaged in square [integer] prpestem - sum of prpe stems in square [integer] litustem - sum of litu stems in square [integer] prsestem - sum of prse stems in square [integer] belestem - sum of bele stems in square [integer] pctprpedam - percentage of prpestem damaged in square [float] pctlitudam - percentage of litustem damaged in square [float] pctprsedam - percentage of prsestem damaged in square [float] pctbeledam - percentage of belestem damaged in square [float] prpedamba - sum of prpe basal area damaged in square meters in square [integer] litudamba - sum of litu basal area damaged in square meters in square [integer] prsedamba - sum of prse basal area damaged in square meters in square [integer] beledamba - sum of bele basal area damaged in square meters in square [integer] prpeba - sum of prpe basal area in square meters in square [integer] lituba - sum of litu basal area in square meters in square [integer] prseba - sum of prse basal area in square meters in square [integer] beleba - sum of bele basal area in square meters in square [integer] pctprpebadam - percentage of prpeba damaged in square [float] pctlitubadam - percentage of lituba damaged in square [float] pctprsebadam - percentage of prseba damaged in square [float] pctbelebadam - percentage of beleba damaged in square [float] Field sampling protocol Additional details and schematics of the field sampling of the forest survey and damage assessment are included in the MS Excel file field_sampling_protocol.xlsx. The file includes graphical layouts of the blocks, plots, and squares and details of the measurements taken during sampling.   License MIT License Copyright (c) 2021 Chris Walter Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software, data, code, and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

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Data from: Nitrogen fertilization differentially enhances nodulation and host growth of two invasive legume species in an urban environment

Invasive plants negatively impact native communities by altering ecosystem processes and reducing species diversity. Plants in the legume family are overrepresented among invasive taxa and establish in disturbed environments common in urban ecosystems. Mutualisms with rhizobia and anthropogenic activities, such as nitrogen fertilization, may be key mechanisms driving legume invasions of urban habitats. Moreover, legume species and genetic lineages within species may vary in their responses to nitrogen fertilization, making some more likely to invade than others. Despite this threat, it remains unclear whether nitrogen fertilization impacts mutualism and plant growth traits of invasive legumes in urban environments, and whether these effects depend on the genetic origin of invaders. We conducted a common garden experiment using two widespread, invasive legume species, Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense, to test the effects of species, genetic origin of lineages within species, and nitrogen fertilization on the mutualism. Soil nitrogen was manipulated and effects on traits associated with the mutualism (nodule traits) and plant growth were quantified. Nitrogen fertilization improved nodule traits and host growth for both species, but M. sativa and certain genetic lineages of this species benefited more from fertilization than any of the tested T. pratense lineages. This work reveals how anthropogenic activities alter mutualism traits and plant growth in urban environments, potentially facilitating invasions by leguminous taxa. Because species and lineages varied in the strength of their responses to fertilization, over time some invading legumes may outcompete other plant species or lineages, leading to differential impacts on native communities in urban environments.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

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Data from: Plant community responses to stand-level nutrient fertilization in a secondary tropical dry forest

The size of the terrestrial carbon (C) sink is mediated by the availability of nutrients that limit plant growth. However, nutrient controls on primary productivity are poorly understood in the geographically extensive yet understudied tropical dry forest biome. To examine how nutrients influence above‐ and belowground biomass production in a secondary, seasonally dry tropical forest, we conducted a replicated, fully factorial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization experiment at the stand scale in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The production of leaves, wood, and fine roots was monitored through time; root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi and the abundance of N‐fixing root nodules were also quantified. In this seasonal forest, interannual variation in rainfall had the largest influence on stand‐level productivity, with lower biomass growth under drought. By contrast, aboveground productivity was generally not increased by nutrient addition, although fertilization enhanced growth of individual tree stems in a wet year. However, root growth increased markedly and consistently under P addition, significantly altering patterns of stand‐level biomass allocation to above‐ vs. belowground compartments. Although nutrients did not stimulate total biomass production at the community scale, N‐fixing legumes exhibited a twofold increase in woody growth in response to added P, accompanied by a dramatic increase in the abundance of root nodules. These data suggest that the relationship between nutrient availability and primary production in tropical dry forest is contingent on both water availability and plant functional diversity.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

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Data from: Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases

The artificial fertilization of soils can alter the structure of natural plant communities and exacerbate pathogen emergence and transmission. Although the direct effects of fertilization on disease resistance in plants have received some research attention, its indirect effects of altered community structure on the severity of fungal disease infection remain largely uninvestigated. We designed manipulation experiments in natural assemblages of Tibetan alpine meadow vegetation along a nitrogen-fertilization gradient over 5 years to compare the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of fertilization on foliar fungal infections at the community level. We found that species with lower proneness to pathogens were more likely to be extirpated following fertilization, such that community-level competence of disease, and thus community pathogen load, increased with the intensity of fertilization. The amount of nitrogen added (direct effect) and community disease competence (indirect effect) provided the most parsimonious combination of parameters explaining the variation in disease severity. Our experiment provides a mechanistic explanation for the dilution effect in fertilized, natural assemblages in a highly specific pathogen–host system, and thus insights into the consequences of human ecosystem modifications on the dynamics of infectious diseases.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

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Data from: Fertilizer legacies meet saltwater incursion: challenges and constraints for coastal plain wetland restoration

Coastal wetland restoration is an important tool for climate change adaptation and excess nutrient runoff mitigation. However, the capacity of restored coastal wetlands to provide multiple ecosystem services is limited by stressors, such as excess nutrients from upstream agricultural fields, high nutrient legacies on-site, and rising salinities downstream. The effects of these stressors are exacerbated by an accelerating hydrologic cycle, expected to cause longer droughts punctuated by more severe storms. We used seven years of surface water and six years of soil solution water chemistry from a large (440 ha) restored wetland to examine how fertilizer legacy, changes in hydrology, and drought-induced salinization affect dissolved nutrient and carbon concentrations. To better understand the recovery trajectory of the restored wetland, we also sampled an active agricultural field and two mature forested wetlands. Our results show that nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in soil solution were 2–10 times higher in the restored wetland compared to two mature forested wetlands, presumably due to legacy fertilizer mobilized by reflooding. Despite elevated nutrient concentrations relative to reference wetlands, the restored wetland consistently attenuated N and P pulses delivered from an upstream farm. Even with continued loading, N and P concentrations in surface water throughout the restored wetland have decreased since the initial flooding. Our results suggest that high nutrient concentrations and export from wetlands restored on agricultural lands may be a severe but temporary problem. If field to wetland conversion is to become a more widespread method for ameliorating nutrient runoff and adapting coastal plain ecosystems to climate change, we should adopt new methods for minimizing the initial export phase of wetland restoration efforts.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

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Data from: Seasonality promotes grassland diversity: interactions with mowing, fertilization and removal of dominant species

1. Current biodiversity declines in species-rich grasslands are connected with the cessation of management, eutrophication and the expansion of dominant grass species. One of the theoretical mechanisms limiting biodiversity loss is the ability of subordinate species to avoid competitive exclusion by seasonal niche separation from dominant species. Here we explore how seasonality underpins the maintenance of diversity in temperate meadows under different management regimes and competition intensities in relation to species functional traits. 2. We studied eight different communities in a long-term meadow experiment that manipulated mowing, fertilization and dominant species (Molinia caerulea) removal. In each community, species-specific trait and biomass data were taken five times during the year to test whether seasonal variation in species composition and functional strategies enable species to coexist. 3. Mown unfertlized meadows exhibited pronounced seasonal variations in community composition and structure, linked to differences in resource-use strategies between mid-summer dominants and the spring and autumn subordinates. Higher specific leaf area and foliar nitrogen concentration in the fast-growing dominants, and increased water use (δ13C) and nutrient acquisition (δ15N) efficiency in resource-retentive subordinates, best predicted their temporal niche separation. Seasonal segregation of species with contrasting strategies increased after mowing cessation, and the resulting summer dominance of Molinia. Conversely, the seasonal dynamics were markedly reduced by fertilization, promoting tall grasses over sedges and forbs throughout the entire year, thereby decreasing the overall taxonomic and functional diversity. When Molinia was removed the compositional changes during the season became less pronounced, being significant only in mown unfertilized plots. 4. Seasonal shifts in community composition reduced the competitive interactions and promoted the coexistence of dominant and subordinate species. Seasonality reversed the negative mid-summer diversity-productivity relationship to a positive one during the spring and autumn, and seasonality only prevented diversity loss in unfertilized conditions possibly because competition is most intense in summer. In fertilized meadows, subordinate species are not able to escape competitive exclusion by shifting their phenological peaks to the spring or autumn periods because asymmetric competition is intense over the entire growing season. Studying seasonal dynamics is key to understanding the maintenance of grassland diversity under ongoing land use change.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

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Fante /Baule People Fertility Doll Figure

These fertility dolls can be found with either the Fante people of Southern Ghana ad the Baule people of Southeastern Cote D'Ivoire. Carved wood with rich light brown washed patina of a doll in simple form of oval head with lined coiffure with semi-circular motif at hairline, almond-shaped eyes with white kaolin, cheek scarification, small mouth with corner scarification, ringed neck with kaolin and simple undefined body. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-byApr 2020View details →

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Fertility Figure

Collection and item number: David and Becky Waas Collection, #557-15 Origin: Senegal, c. 1966 Size: 7 1/2"H x 5 1/4"W x 3 1/4"D Media: Stone Note: Stone fertility figures, sometimes called "rice gods," were left in fields at the time of planting. This item was 3D scanned using a [Creaform Go Scan 20.](https://onlineresourcesinc.com/products/academia-20/) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-byOct 2018View details →

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Mussel-garden-fertilization-data: First release

This is the first release of the data used in the "Can mussels fertilize their own garden? A benthocosm test of the long-term and short-term mussel excretion effects on the plankton" manuscript.

openother-openMar 2015View details →

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Model output associated with Bucciarelli et al. "Western Indian subantarctic phytoplankton blooms fertilized by iron-enriched Agulhas water"

Annual mean sea surface elevation (zeta), surface chlorophyll (chl), surface DFE (fe0), 500 m DFE (fe500), surface salinity (salt0) and 500 m salinity (salt500) from CROCO PISCES ocean model  for two simulations (reference ASAP2 and NAM without Fe sources along African margins).This is associated with publication: Bucciarelli et al. "Iron-enriched Agulhas waters fertilise the Indian Subantarctic Zone"

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

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Education- and age-specific fertility rates for 50 African and Latin American countries between 1970 and 2020

Version 2 Education- and age-specific fertility rates for 50 African and Latin American countries between 1970 and 2020 as published in <a href="https://www.demographic-research.org/articles/volume/49/31/">Durowaa-Boateng et. al (2023</a><a href="10.4054/DemRes.2023.49.31">)</a>.  The data and figures can be accessed and downloaded from <a href="https://populationafrica.org/">https://populationafrica.org/</a>.   Education- and age-specific fertility rates for 50 African and Latin American countries between 1970 and 2020. The fertility rates are consistent with the United Nation's World Population Prospects (UN WPP) 2022 fertility rates. The Bayesian model developed to reconstruct the fertility rates using Demographic and Health Surveys and the UN WPP is published in a <a href="https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/18890/">working paper</a>. Abstract: Consistent and reliable time series of education- and age-specific fertility rates for the past are difficult to obtain in developing countries, although they are needed to evaluate the impact of women’s education on fertility along periods and cohorts. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian framework to reconstruct age-specific fertility rates by level of education using prior information from the birth history module of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the UN World Population Prospects. In our case study regions, we reconstruct age- and education-specific fertility rates which are consistent with the UN age specific fertility rates by four levels of education for 50 African and Latin American countries from 1970 to 2020 in five-year steps. Our results show that the Bayesian approach allows for estimating reliable education- and age-specific fertility rates using multiple rounds of the DHS surveys. The time series obtained confirm the main findings of the literature on fertility trends, and age and education specific differentials. Funding: These data sets are part of the <a href="https://www.oeaw.ac.at/vid/research/research-projects/bayesedu">BayesEdu Project </a>at Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, OeAW, University of Vienna) funded from the “Innovation Fund Research, Science and Society” by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW). Variables: Country: Country names Education: Four education levels, No Education, Primary Education, Secondary Education and Higher Education. Age group: Five-year age groups between 15-19 and 45-49.  Year: Five-year periods between 1970 and 2020. Median: Median education and age-specific fertility rate estimate  Upper_CI: 95% Upper Credible Interval Lower_CI: 95% Lower Credible Interval   List of countries: <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> Angola </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Benin </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Brazil </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Burkina Faso </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Burundi </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Cameroon </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Central African Republic </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Chad </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Colombia </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Comoros </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Congo </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Côte D'Ivoire </td> </tr> <tr> <td> DR Congo </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Ecuador </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Egypt </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Eswatini </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Ethiopia </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Gabon </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Gambia </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Ghana </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Guatemala </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Guinea </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Honduras </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Kenya </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Lesotho </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Liberia </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Madagascar </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Malawi </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Mali </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Mexico </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Morocco </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Mozambique </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Namibia </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Nicaragua </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Niger </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Nigeria </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Paraguay </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Peru </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Rwanda </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Sao Tome and Principe </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Senegal </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Sierra Leone </td> </tr> <tr> <td> South Africa </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Sudan </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Tanzania </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Togo </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Tunisia </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Uganda </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Zambia </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Zimbabwe </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

openJul 2023View details →

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CONSORT flow diagram for The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by clinical pharmacist: a randomized clinical trial

The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by a clinical pharmacist: a randomized clinical trial.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Fertilization can accelerate the pace of soil microbial community response to rest-grazing duration in the Three-river Source Region of China

<div> <div> Objectives Overgrazing leads to grassland degradation and productivity decline. Rest-grazing during the regreen-up period can quickly restore grassland and fertilization is a common restoration measure. Meanwhile, soil microorganisms are more sensitive indicators. Therefore, the experiment of rest-grazing time and fertilization was carried out to explore the response of soil microorganisms to rest-grazing time and fertilization measures. Methods A field control experiment with rest-grazing time and fertilization as factors was conducted from the time when grass returned to green till the livestock moved to the summer pasture in Dawu Town of Maqin County. The primary treatment we established was the five rest-grazing times, including rest-grazing times of 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, 50 days, and traditional grazing was used as a check group. At the same time, the secondary treatment was nitrogen addition of 300 kg·hm-2 in each primary treatment. Results The results showed that: the total phospholipid fatty acid (total PLFA), actinomyces (Act) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) showed an ever-increasing biomass with the increase of rest-grazing time and the highest was at 50 days of rest-grazing, and they were all significantly higher than CK. In addition, soil microbial biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio (MBC/MBN) had a great influence on the change of microbial community. Applying nitrogen fertilizer can increase the maximum value of biomass of all PLFA groups and the biomass of all PLFA groups changed in an "inverted V" shape with the increase of rest-grazing time. Besides, instead of MBC/MBN, NO3--N was positively affected by the biomass of all PLFA groups, which actively regulated the trend of microbial functions. Conclusions The longer rest-grazing time is more conducive to the biomass of all PLFA groups. However, applying nitrogen fertilizer could break this pattern, namely, the 30d rest-grazing would be beneficial to the biomass of all PLFA groups. These findings provide key information that rest-grazing during the regreen-up period is beneficial to all PLFA groups and fertilization could change the response of microorganisms to rest-grazing, which provides reference measures for the restoration of degraded alpine meadows. </div> </div>

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

data for publication "Benefits of biobased fertilizers as substitutes for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers: Field assessment combining minirhizotron and UAV-based spectrum sensing technologies"

Dataset for the scientific publication "Benefits of biobased fertilizers as substitutes for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers: Field assessment combining minirhizotron and UAV-based spectrum sensing technologies" in the Journal Frontiers of Environmental Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.988932">https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.988932</a>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

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Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

International Brain Laboratory public data

The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.

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Last verified 2026-04-29Open record

OpenNeuro

OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.

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neuroscienceopenPublished datasets are available on demand over the internet.

Last verified 2026-04-29Open record