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FIGURE 4 in Pseudophilautus pardus, a junior synonym of P. viridis (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)

FIGURE 4. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA (mtDNA) gene. Numbers above branches indicate bootstrap support values on right (BS ≥ 75) and Bayesian posterior probabilities on left (PPr ≥ 0.95), respectively; low support values (BS <75, PPr <0.95) are denoted by "–". Recovered species delimitation based on overall significance of results for the molecular species delimitation methods ASAP, ABGD, mPTP, bPTP and bGMYC are indicated by purple, red, green, yellow and blue rectangles, respectively, on the right.

FIGURE 1. A in Pseudophilautus pardus, a junior synonym of P. viridis (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)

FIGURE 1. A: Holotype, female of Pseudophilautus pardus, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2.7.96. A1, dorsal view; A2, ventral view; B: male specimen collected at Samanala Nature Reserve, 30.1 mm SVL, DZ1201. B1, dorsal view; B2, ventral view.

FIGURE 9 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 9. Scanning Electron Microscopy of the G1 tips of Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005 and A. aidae (Righi, 1967): (A) topotype of A. bragantina, Ilha Canela, Bragança, Pará, Brazil (MOUFPE 13411); (B) A. aidae sensu Coelho (2005), without branchial ridge, Praia de Cumuruxatiba, Prado, Bahia, Brazil (UESC 1124); (C) A. bragantina sensu Coelho (2005), with branchial ridge, Praia de Cumuruxatiba, Prado, Bahia, Brazil (UESC 1124); (D) topotype of A. aidae with branchial ridge, Foz do Rio Juqueriquerê, Caraguatatuba, São Paulo, Brazil (CCDB 3100); (E) topotype of A. aidae without branchial ridge, Foz do Rio Juqueriquerê Caraguatatuba, São Paulo, Brazil (CCDB 3100). Scale bars: A–C = 30 µm; D, E = 20 µm.

FIGURE 10 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 10. Phylogram based on the maximum likelihood of 16S gene sequences of Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997. Sequences are identified by GenBank accession number or CCDB/UESC catalog number on the left. Numbers at nodes are bootstrap values>50%/0.5 (1000 pseudoreplicates). Carapace figures: A. hardyi modified from Heard & Manning, 1997; A. aidae, male CCDB 3100; A. bragantina, male MOUFPE 13411.

FIGURE 8 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 8. Pleonites of Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) from MOUFPE collection: (A–C) male MOUFPE 13411 (as paratypes of A. bragantina); (D) male MOUFPE 13410 (as holotype of A. bragantina); (E) male MOUFPE 9329 (type locality of A. bragantina).

FIGURE 7 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 7. Pereiopods of Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) from MOUFPE collection: (A–B) male MOUFPE 13411 (as paratypes of A. bragantina); (C) male MOUFPE 9329 (type locality of A. bragantina).

FIGURE 6 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 6. Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) from MOUFPE collection: (A–B) male MOUFPE 13411, right and left chelipeds, respectively; (C) male MOUFPE 13411, right chelipeds; (D) female dissected MOUFPE 13411, right cheliped; (E) male MOUFPE 9329, right and left chelipeds, respectively; (F) MOUFPE 13410, right cheliped.

FIGURE 5 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 5. Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) from MOUFPE collection: (A–C) male MOUFPE 13411 (as paratypes of A. bragantina); (D) female dissected MOUFPE 13411 (paratypes of A. bragantina); (E) MOUFPE 13411 (holotype of A. bragantina); (F) male MOUFPE 9329 (from type locality of A. bragantina).

FIGURE 4 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 4. Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967), SEM of carapace in dorsal view: (A) male topotype of Austinixa bragantina with branchial ridge, Ilha Canela, Bragança, Pará, Brazil (MOUFPE 13411); (B) male topotype of A. aidae without branchial ridge, Foz do Rio Juqueriquerê, Caraguatatuba, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP 2233); (C) male of A. bragantina sensu Coelho (2005), with branchial ridge, from Praia de Cumuruxatiba, Prado, Bahia, Brazil (UESC 1124).

FIGURE 1 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 1. Male topotype of Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) (CCDB 3100): (A) dorsal view of the carapace; (B) lateral view of posterior portion of carapace and anterior portion of pleon; (C) antenna; (D) antennule; (E) external face of male telson; (F) external face of male pleon; (G) internal face of left cheliped; (H) external face of left cheliped; (I) dorsal view of right P2; (J) dorsal view of right P3; (K) dorsal view of right P4; (L) dorsal view of right P5.

FIGURE 2 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 2. Female topotype of Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) (CCDB 3100): (A) dorsal view of carapace; (B) anterior view of frontal region of carapace; (C) posterior view of carapace and pleon; (D) external face of female pleon; (E) internal face of left cheliped; (F) external face of left cheliped; (G) external face of left third maxilliped; (H) enlarged frontal region of carapace with antennae and antennules.

FIGURE 3 in Austinixa bragantina Coelho, 2005: a junior synonym of A. aidae (Righi, 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) supported by integrative morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) and A. bragantina Coelho, 2005: (A) male topotype of A. aidae; (B) dorsal view of the anterolateral margin of the carapace, without branchial ridge, Foz do Rio Juqueriquerê, Caraguatatuba, São Paulo, Brazil (CCDB 3100); (C) female of A. aidae; (D) dorsal view of anterolateral margin of the carapace, with branchial ridge, São Miguel dos Milagres, Porto da Rua, Alagoas, Brazil (CCDB 6555); (E) male topotype of A. bragantina; (F) dorsal view of anterolateral margin of the carapace, with branchial ridge, Ilha Canela, Bragança, Pará, Brazil (CCDB 4542); (G) male topotype of A. bragantina, (H) dorsal view of anterolateral margin of the carapace, without branchial ridge, Ilha Canela, Bragança, Pará, Brazil (CCDB 4542). Scale bars: A, G = 2 mm; B, D–F, H = 1 mm; C = 5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Tropidonotus nicobarensis Sclater, 1891 is a junior synonym of Thamnophis saurita (Linnaeus, 1766) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricinae)

FIGURE 3. Holotype of Prymnomiodon chalceus (ANSP 5286), dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of the body and dorsal (c), right lateral (d) and ventral (e) views of the head. Scale bars equal 5 millimeters. Photographs by Justin L. Lee.

FIGURE 4 in Tropidonotus nicobarensis Sclater, 1891 is a junior synonym of Thamnophis saurita (Linnaeus, 1766) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricinae)

FIGURE 4. Comparison of the introduced specimen of Thamnophis saurita sackenii from Havelock Island (Swarajdweep), Andaman Islands, India (a), and a typical adult specimen of Th. saurita sackenii from Seminole County, Florida, United States (b). Note that the tail in the Havelock Island snake is partially broken. Photograph by Mr. Binu (a) and Justin L. Lee (b).

FIGURE 1 in Tropidonotus nicobarensis Sclater, 1891 is a junior synonym of Thamnophis saurita (Linnaeus, 1766) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricinae)

FIGURE 1. Historical images of (a) William Lutley Sclater (1863–1944), the author of the description of Tropidonotus nicobarensis; (b) Frederik Adolph de Röepstorff (1842–1883), alleged collector of its type specimen; and (c–f), the original lithographic illustrations of Tropidonotus nicobarensis (Sclater 1891a, pl. 6, figs 5). Images of (a) from Grant (1945), (b) from illustration published in newspaper The Graphic, 17 May 1884, author unknown, and (c–f) illustrated by S. C. Mondul in Sclater (1891a: pl. 6).

FIGURE 2 in Tropidonotus nicobarensis Sclater, 1891 is a junior synonym of Thamnophis saurita (Linnaeus, 1766) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricinae)

FIGURE 2. Holotype of Tropidonotus nicobarensis (ZSI 8895), dorsal (a), ventral (b), and lateral (c) views. Scale bars equal 10 millimeters. Photographs courtesy of the Zoological Survey of India.

FIGURES 1–9. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1892, 1–4 Oonops erinaceus Benoit, 1977 in Oonops erinaceus Benoit, 1977, a junior synonym of Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGURES 1–9. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1892, 1–4 Oonops erinaceus Benoit, 1977 holotype female (BE_RMCA_ARA. Ara.133326) [= Triaeris stenaspis] 1 habitus, dorsal view, 2 opisthosoma, dorsal view, 3 habitus, ventral view, 4 habitus, lateral view (left hand side), 5–6 T. stenaspis non-type female from Reservatório Guarapiranga, Jardim Ângela, Ilha dos Eucaliptos, Brazil (IBSP 61400), 5 habitus, dorsal view (photograph adapted from Brescovit et al., 2019), 6 epigyne, ventral view (photograph adapted from Brescovit et al., 2019), 7–9 Oonops erinaceus Benoit, 1977 holotype female (BE_RMCA_ARA.Ara.133326) [= Triaeris stenaspis], 7 epigyne, ventral view, 8 chelicera, lateral view (illustration adapted from Benoit, 1977), 9 opisthosoma, ventral view (illustration adapted from Benoit, 1977). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (1, 3–5), 0.2 mm (2), 0.1 mm (6–7).