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542 results for “leaf mining”
FIGURES 2–7 in New species of leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions, with new data on host plants
FIGURES 2–7. Stigmella apicibrunella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 2—habitat, western slopes of the equatorial Andes (Ecuador: Chimborazo Province) at altitudes about 1800 m; 3—host plant Acalypha padifolia Kunth (Euphorbiaceae); 4, leafmines; 5–7, female paratype adults.
FIGURES 112–115 in New species of leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions, with new data on host plants
FIGURES 112–115. Stigmella gallicola van Nieukerken & Nishida, 2016. 112, male adult; 113, 114, male genitalia, slide no. RA617, capsule with phallus removed; 115, same, phallus (USNM, deposited with a label as holotype of "eunigra"; see Remarks on the species).
FIGURES 31–35 in New species of leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions, with new data on host plants
FIGURES 31–35. Stigmella decora Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 31, 32, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD801; 33, dorsal processes, slide no. AD784 (not type series); 34, paratype, slide no. AD801; 35, female genitalia, holotype, slide no. AD795 (ZMUC).
Figs. 9–13. 9 in Notes on Leaf-Mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in New England
Figs. 9–13. 9) Larva of Mantura chrysanthemi; 10) Larva of Mantura floridana; 11) Larva of Phyllotreta chalybeipennis; 12) Mostly linear mine of P. chalybeipennis; 13) Blotch mine of P. chalybeipennis, with one larva inside and one entering at right.
Figs. 13–17. 13 in New Host Records and Other Notes on North American Leaf-Mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera)
Figs. 13–17. 13) Young Sumitrosis inaequalis larva mining in white wood aster (Eurybia divaricata) leaf; egg at upper right; 14) Mine of Sumitrosis rosea in leaf of Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus); 15) Detail of presumed Dibolia chelones mine in leaf of white turtlehead (Chelone glabra), showing squiggly strings of frass; 16) Leaf of climbing false buckwheat (Fallopia scandens) mined by four Mantura floridana larvae; 17) Mines of Monoxia angularis in Atriplex prostrata leaf.
Figs. 7–12. 7 in New Host Records and Other Notes on North American Leaf-Mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera)
Figs. 7–12. 7) Presumed mine of Microrhopala rubrolineata in Brickellia betonicifolia leaf; 8) Brickellia betonicifolia leaf with skeletonizing by adult Octotoma marginicollis. The mine along the leaf margin was possibly made by a larva of this species; 9) Hog-peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata) leaf with mine of Odontota mundula overlapping mine of Leucanthiza amphicarpeaefoliella. The latter is visible as an indistinct band of frass in the lower left; 10) Mine of Odontota scapularis in groundnut leaf, with excrement-covered egg mass at right edge of photo; 11) Odontota scapularis egg mass containing pupae of parasitoid wasps; 12) Mine of Stenopodius texanus in Abutilon leaf.
Figs. 1–6. 1 in New Host Records and Other Notes on North American Leaf-Mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera)
Figs. 1–6. 1) Baliosus californicus mine in Ceanothus velutinus leaf; 2) Leaf mine in black oak (Quercus velutina) with section of upper epidermis removed to reveal two Baliosus nervosus adults and larval frass pattern; 3) Detail of Baliosus nervosus mine in black birch (Betula lenta) leaf, with ragged hole at lower right; 4) Chalepus bicolor larva mining in deertongue grass (Dichanthelium clandestinum), with frass expelled along the leaf margin; 5) Feeding sign of Chalepus walshii adults; 6) Glyphuroplata pluto larva mining in Panicum leaf, with frass in long strands.
Data from: Phylogeny of gracillariid leaf-mining moths: evolution of larval behaviour inferred from phylogenomic and Sanger data
<p>Gracillariidae is the most taxonomically diverse cosmopolitan leaf-mining moth family, consisting of nearly 2000 named species in 105 described genera, classified into eight extant subfamilies. The majority of gracillariid species are internal plant feeders as larvae, creating mines and galls in plant tissue. Despite their diversity and ecological adaptations, their phylogenetic relationships, especially at the subfamily level, remain largely uncertain. Genomic data (83 taxa and 589 loci) were integrated with Sanger data (130 taxa and 22 loci), to reconstruct a phylogeny of Gracillariidae. Based on analyses of both data sets combined and analyzed separately, the monophyly of Gracillariidae and all its subfamilies, and the monophyly of the clade 'LAMPO' (subfamilies: Lithocolletinae, Acrocercopinae, Marmarinae, Phyllocnistinae, and Oecophyllembiinae) and relationships of its subclade 'AMO' (subfamilies: Acrocercopinae, Marmarinae, and Oecophyllembiinae) were strongly supported. A sister group relationship of Ornixolinae to the remainder of the family, and a monophyletic leaf roller lineage (<i>Callicercops</i> Vári + Parornichinae) + Gracillariinae, as sister to the 'LAMPO' clade were supported by the best hypotheses. Based on these results, a new subfamily, Callicercopinae Li, Ohshima et Kawahara, is established to accommodate the enigmatic genus <i>Callicercops</i>. Dating analyses indicate a mid-Cretaceous (105.3 Ma) origin of the family, followed by a rapid diversification into the nine subfamilies predating the K-Pg extinction. We hypothesize that advanced larval behaviours, such as making keeled or tentiform blotch mines, rolling leaves, and making galls, accelerated the diversification of Gracillariidae by avoiding larval parasitoids.</p>
FIGURE 4 in A contribution to the knowledge of leaf-mining Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae), with description of two new species from Peru (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Phyllocnistis (Gracillariidae) species associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) in Peru. (A) Records are for P. canta n. sp. (green circles), P. furcata Vargas & Cerdeña (red circles) and P. elongata n. sp. (yellow circles). (B) and (C) Type localities of P. canta n. sp. (Canta, Lima) and P. elongata n. sp. (Tarata, Tacna), respectively. Baccharis host plants of P. canta n. sp. and P. elongata n. sp. are indicated in both cases by red arrows.
FIGURE 3 in A contribution to the knowledge of leaf-mining Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae), with description of two new species from Peru (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 3. Female genitalia of Phyllocnistis canta n. sp. (A–C), Phyllocnistis elongata n. sp. (D–F) and Phyllocnistis furcata Vargas & Cerdeña (G-I) under light microscopy. (A, D, G) lateral view, (B, E, H) last abdominal tergum in dorsal view, (C, F, I) corpus bursae in detail. Arrows indicate expansion of VIII abdominal segment (A: also marked with asterisk in B), signum bearing two small spines (C) and additional sclerotized areas bearing micro-spines (I). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, D, G), 0.2 mm (B, E, H), 0.1 mm (C, F, I).
FIGURE 2 in A contribution to the knowledge of leaf-mining Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae), with description of two new species from Peru (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Phyllocnistis canta n. sp. (A–B), Phyllocnistis elongata n. sp. (C–D) and Phyllocnistis furcata Vargas & Cerdeña (E–F), under light microscopy. (A, C, E) ventral view, (B, D, F) aedeagus, lateral view. Arrow indicates invagination in the middle of tegumen arch (A). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, C, E), 0.1 mm (B, D, F).
FIGURE 5 in A contribution to the knowledge of leaf-mining Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae), with description of two new species from Peru (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 5. Distance tree (Neighbor-joining) based on sequences of a 658-bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene, showing the monophyletic status of the new species of Phyllocnistis and their nearest neighbors among Neotropical Phyllocnistis lineages, and the position of P. baccharidis Hering. The use of species of Baccharis as host plant by members of Neotropical Phyllocnistis is indicated.
FIGURE 1 in A contribution to the knowledge of leaf-mining Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae), with description of two new species from Peru (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 1. Adults of Phyllocnistis canta n. sp. (A–B), Phyllocnistis elongata n. sp. (C–D) and Phyllocnistis furcata Vargas & Cerdeña (E–F). (A, C, E) dorsal view, (B, D, F) detail of right forewing. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, D, E), 1 mm (B, F).
FIGURE 4 in Vallissiana universitaria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): a new genus and species of leaf-mining moth associated with Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
FIGURE 4. Schematic representation of V. universitaria larva and pupa: sap-feeding larva of the second instar, (A) dorsal, (B) ventral; tissue-feeding larva of the fourth instar, (C) dorsal, (D) ventral; pupa, (E) dorsal, (F) ventral; (G) chaetotaxy of last larval instar. Scale bars: (A–B) 100, (C–F) 500 µm, (G) 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Vallissiana universitaria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): a new genus and species of leaf-mining moth associated with Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
FIGURE 3. Wing venation, abdomen and genitalia morphology of V. universitaria: (A) forewing and hindwing venation; (B) male last, dorsal; (C) male genitalia, ventral (phallus omitted); (D) valva, region of cucullus (indicated by rectangular area marked in C), ventral; (E) valva, detail of process at basal third (indicated by area marked in C), ventral; (F) phallus, lateroventral; (G) spines of cornuti in detail (indicated by rectangular area marked in F), latero-ventral; (H) female genitalia, ventral; (I) signum (indicated by square area marked in H), ventral; (J) sterigma in detail, (indicated by rectangular area marked in H) ventral. Scale bars: (A) 1mm; (B) 200, (C) 100, (D) 15; (E) 10; (F) 50; (G) 20; (H) 200; (I)10; (J) 50 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Vallissiana universitaria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): a new genus and species of leaf-mining moth associated with Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
FIGURE 7. Pupal characters of V. universitaria. Head (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral; (D) left prothoracic depression in detail (indicated by rectangular area marked in A), dorsal; (E) spiracle on A3, latero-dorsal; (F) sixth and seventh abdominal segments, dorsal (right spiracles are indicated by arrows); last abdominal segment, (G) lateral, (H) dorsal; (I) lateral spine of last abdominal segment in detail (indicated by square area marked in H). Scale bars: (A–C) 100, (D) 20, (E) 10, (F) 100, (G–H) 50, (I) 10 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Vallissiana universitaria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): a new genus and species of leaf-mining moth associated with Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
FIGURE 6. Morphology of V. universitaria tissue-feeding larva (fourth instar): head, (A) dorsal, (B) antero-ventral, (C) lateral; (D) labrum, dorsal; (E) spinneret, lateral; (F) maxilla, lateral; (G) antenna, lateral; (H) mesothoracic leg, lateral; (I) detail of tarsal claw (indicated by rectangular area marked in H), latero-posterior; (J) pseudopodium on A3, ventral; (K) spiracle on A4, lateral; (L) anal plate, postero-dorsal; (M) pseudopodia on A10, ventral. Scale bars: (A–C) 100, (D) 20, (E–G) 10, (H) 25, (I) 5, (J) 10, (K) 25, (L) 5, (M) 50 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Vallissiana universitaria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): a new genus and species of leaf-mining moth associated with Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
FIGURE 9. Transverse histological sections of V. universitaria mine on Erythroxylum argentinum leaf, showing changes in damage throughout larval ontogeny. (A) sap-feeding instar uses the adaxial epidermis (closed arrows point to cut cell walls of adaxial epidermis); (B) first tissue-feeding instar starts using the upper cell layers of palisade parenchyma (open arrows point to cell fragments of parenchyma left attached to damaged epidermis); (C) last tissue-feeding instar causes general damage, consuming all parenchyma cells. Ad, adaxial surface of epidermis; Ab, abaxial surface of epidermis; Lm, leaf mine; Pp, palisade parenchyma; Sp, spongy parenchyma. Scale bars = (A-C) 100µm.
FIGURE 5 in Vallissiana universitaria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): a new genus and species of leaf-mining moth associated with Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
FIGURE 5. Morphology of V. universitaria sap-feeding larva (second instar): head, (A) dorsal (B) ventral, (C) lateral; (D) antenna in detail (indicated by rectangular area marked in A), dorsal; (E) mouthparts in detail (indicated by rectangular area marked in B), (asterisks indicate labial palpi and arrow points to spinneret), ventral; (F) spiracle on T1, lateral; prothoracic and mesothoracic segments, (G) dorsal, (H) ventral; (I) callus on T1 (indicated by square area marked in H), ventral. Scale bars: (A–C) 50, (D) 5, (E) 10, (F) 5, (G–H) 50 (I) 5 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Vallissiana universitaria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): a new genus and species of leaf-mining moth associated with Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
FIGURE 1. Bayesian consensus tree for Vallissiana universitaria based on the analysis the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene ('DNA barcode' region). Colored branches indicate Bayesian posterior probability (BPP), as indicated in the legend.
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