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1,104 results for “morphological variation”
Fig. 3 in Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009
Fig. 3. Hecabolus gavinbroadi sp. nov., ♀, holotype (NHMUK). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, lateral view. D. Mesosoma, dorsal view. E. Fore and hind wings, showing the wide pterostigma. F. Metasoma, dorsal view.
Fig. 2 in Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009
Fig. 2. Hecabolus chrisaxeli sp. nov., ♀, holotype (NHMUK). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, lateral view. D. Mesosoma, dorsal view. E. Fore wing. F. Hind wing. G. Metasoma, dorsal view.
Fig. 1 in Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009
Fig. 1. Hecabolus acutus sp. nov., ♀, holotype (NHMUK). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, lateral view. D. Mesosoma, dorsal view, black arrows indicate the middle mesoscutal pointed edges above notaulli. E. Fore wing. F. Hind wing. G. Metasoma, dorsal view.
Otterly delicious: Spatiotemporal variation in the diet of a recovering population of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) revealed through DNA metabarcoding and morphological analysis of prey remains
<p>Eurasian otters are apex predators of freshwater ecosystems and a recovering species across much of their European range; investigating the dietary variation of this predator over time and space therefore provides opportunities to identify changes in freshwater trophic interactions and factors influencing the conservation of otter populations. Here we sampled faeces from 300 dead otters across England and Wales between 2007 and 2016, conducting both morphological analysis of prey remains and dietary DNA metabarcoding. Comparison of these methods showed that greater taxonomic resolution and breadth could be achieved using DNA metabarcoding but combining data from both methodologies gave the most comprehensive dietary description. All otter demographics exploited a broad range of taxa and variation likely reflected changes in prey distributions and availability across the landscape. This study provides novel insights into the trophic generalism and adaptability of otters across Britain, which is likely to have aided their recent population recovery, and may increase their resilience to future environmental changes.</p>
Data from: Geographical variation of Artemisia leaf morphology along a large environmental gradient in China
<p>We collected 60 species of <em>Artemisia</em> from 81 sampling sites in 15 provinces in China from the end of July to August 2018. At each site, we recorded latitude and longitude. Then we identified all<em> Artemisia</em> species and randomly sampled 4 plants for each species. A total of 1,041 plants were sampled. In the laboratory, 10 leaves in the middle of each plant were selected and detached. Because light might have effect on leaf morphology, we only used sun exposed leaves. The leaves were soaked in distilled water for 24 h to fully restore their shapes. After blotted-dried, leaves were place as petiole to the left and tip to the right, and an Epson V370 (Seiko Epson Corp., Nagano, Japan) was used to scan the leaves at a resolution of 600 DPI. </p> <p>We set 40 landmarks along the blade edge on each leaf. The first point was set at the petiole and the 21st point at the tip, and these two points were defined as landmarks. The remaining points were evenly distributed at the blade edge and defined as semilandmarks. Landmarks were saved in tps format using Geomorph package.</p>
FIGURE 5 Combined 28S in The stoloniferous octocoral, Hanabira yukibana, gen. nov., sp. nov., of the southern Ryukyus has morphological and symbiont variation
FIGURE 5 Combined 28S rDNA+COI+mtMutS+ND6 phylogenetic reconstruction for 35 clavulariid specimens, including Hanabira yukibana, gen nov., sp. nov., and Clavularia spp. from Okinawa (OKA) and Irio- mote (IRI) Islands and sister taxa, Knopia octocontacanalis Alderslade & Mcfadden, 2007. Parasphaerasclera rotifera and Eleutherobia grayi were used as outgroup. The best maximum likelihood tree is shown, with values at branches representing bootstrap probabilities (>50%) and posterior probabilities from the Bayesian inference (>0.50), respectively. Polyp variation for H. yukibana is illustrated for the three groups by colour and corresponding in situ photographs. Photograph credit: in situ image NTM C15392 Knopia octocontacanalis, by Frances Dipper (modified from Alderslade & McFadden, 2007, reproduced with permission from copyright holder). Mutualistic Symbiodiniaceae (genera Cladocopium and Durusdinium) found in H. yukibana specimens are displayed in green shades and sclerite types unique to each genus are also shown. Photograph credit: sclerite images NTM C15392 Knopia octocontacanalis, modified from Alderslade & McFadden, 2007, reproduced with permission from copyright holder. Downloaded from Brill. com10/17/2022 12:54:44PM via free access
FIGURE 3 in The stoloniferous octocoral, Hanabira yukibana, gen. nov., sp. nov., of the southern Ryukyus has morphological and symbiont variation
FIGURE 3 Sclerite types seen in Hanabira yukibana, gen. nov., sp. nov., NSMT Co 1626, holotype; a) spindles of calyx (scale bar: 0.1 mm), b) anthocodial platelets (scale bar: 0.01 mm), c) anthocodial rods (scale bar: 0.1 mm), d) fused clump of stolon (scale bar: 0.1 mm). NSMT Co 1637, paratype; e) fragments of stolon (scale bar: 0.1 mm).
FIGURE 1 in The stoloniferous octocoral, Hanabira yukibana, gen. nov., sp. nov., of the southern Ryukyus has morphological and symbiont variation
FIGURE 1 Map of sampling locations in Okinawa Prefecture around Okinawa Island (11 sites) and Iriomote Island (seven sites); collection sites Hanabira yukibana, gen. nov., sp. nov., () and Clavularia spp. () specimens.
FIGURE 4 Phylogenetic relationships among 134 in The stoloniferous octocoral, Hanabira yukibana, gen. nov., sp. nov., of the southern Ryukyus has morphological and symbiont variation
FIGURE 4 Phylogenetic relationships among 134 species of octocorals, including Hanabira yukibana, gen. nov., sp. nov., using the combined 28S rDNA+COI+mtMutS dataset. The best maximum likelihood tree is shown, with values at branches representing bootstrap probabilities shown when>70%. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown at branches when>0.80 (A = 1.00; B = 0.95–0.99; C = 0.90–0.94; D = 0.80–0.89). * represents 100/1.00 for both analyses. Stoloniferous species are highlighted in grey boxes and non-stoloniferous octocorals are shown with family classification only. Cornularia spp. were used as outgroup.
Data from: Intra-population variation in the natal origins and wing morphology of overwintering western monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus
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Data from: Wildfires induce a reduction in body size and morphological variation of an insular endemic insect
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Otterly delicious: Spatiotemporal variation in the diet of a recovering population of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) revealed through DNA metabarcoding and morphological analysis of prey remains
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An index of morphological and orthographic variation at the lexical level in the Hebrew Bible and the larger Dead Sea Scrolls: Version 1
<p>An index of morphological and orthographic variation at the lexical level in the Hebrew Bible and the larger Dead Sea Scrolls.</p> <p> </p> <p>Please cite the following article when referring to this dataset:</p> <p>Johan de Joode. 2020. "Digital Masorah: Toward an Index of Orthographic and Morphological Variation at the Lexical Level". Journal for Semitics VOL (ISSUE). https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/6632.</p> <p> </p> <p>This data is also accessible on Github: https://github.com/jdejoode/orthomorphindex-JSEM</p>
Data and R code for The Finer Points of Urban Adaptation: Intraspecific Variation in Lizard Claw Morphology (2020; Biological Journal of the Linnean Society)
<p>This zip file contains all data (tps files, Rdata, csv) and annotated R script to conduct all analyses presented in Falvey et al. (2020, BJLS), which examines claw morphology in 5 species of anole lizards using geometric morphometrics.</p>
Data from: Characterizing morphological (co)variation using structural equation models: body size, allometric relationships and evolvability in a house sparrow metapopulation
Body size plays a key role in the ecology and evolution of all organisms. Therefore, quantifying the sources of morphological (co)variation, dependent and independent of body size, is of key importance when trying to understand and predict responses to selection. We combine structural equation modeling with quantitative genetics analyses to study morphological (co)variation in a meta-population of house sparrows (Passer domesticus). As expected, we found evidence of a latent variable 'body size', causing genetic and environmental covariation between morphological traits. Estimates of conditional evolvability show that allometric relationships constrain the independent evolution of house sparrow morphology. We also found spatial differences in general body size and its allometric relationships. On islands where birds are more dispersive and mobile, individuals were smaller and had proportionally longer wings for their body size. While in islands where sparrows are more sedentary and nest in dense colonies, individuals were larger and had proportionally longer tarsi for their body size. We corroborated these results using simulations and show that our analyses produce unbiased allometric slope estimates. This study highlights that in the short term allometric relationships may constrain phenotypic evolution, but that in the long term selection pressures can also shape allometric relationships.
Variation in mouse pelvic morphology maps to locations enriched in Sox9 Class II and Pitx1 regulatory features
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Variation in pelvic morphology has a complex genetic basis and its patterning and specification is governed by conserved developmental pathways. Whether the mechanisms underlying the differentiation and specification of the pelvis also produce the morphological covariation on which natural selection may act is still an open question in evolutionary developmental biology. We use high-resolution Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping in the F<sub>34</sub> generation of an advanced intercross experiment (LG,SM-G<sub>34</sub>) to characterize the genetic architecture of the mouse pelvis. We test the prediction that genomic features linked to developmental patterning and differentiation of the hind limb and pelvis and the regulation of chondrogenesis are overrepresented in QTL. We find 31 single QTL-trait associations at the genome- or chromosome-wise significance level coalescing to 27 pleiotropic loci. We recover further QTL at a more relaxed significance threshold replicating locations found in a previous experiment in an earlier generation of the same population. QTL were more likely than chance to harbor Pitx1 and Sox9 Class II ChIP-seq features active during development of skeletal features. There was weak or no support for the enrichment of seven more categories of developmental features drawn from the literature. Our results suggest genotypic variation is channeled through a subset of developmental processes involved in the generation of phenotypic variation in the pelvis. This finding indicates the evolvability of complex traits may be subject to biases not evident from patterns of covariance among morphological features or developmental patterning when either is considered in isolation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Natural and anthropogenic sources of habitat variation influence exploration behaviour, stress response, and brain morphology in a coastal fish
<p>1. Evolutionary ecology aims to better understand how ecologically important traits respond to environmental heterogeneity. Environments vary both naturally and as a result of human activities, and investigations that simultaneously consider how natural and human-induced environmental variation affect diverse trait types grow increasingly important as human activities drive species endangerment.</p> <p>2. Here, we examine how habitat fragmentation and structural habitat complexity, affect disparate trait types in Bahamas mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia hubbsi</em>) inhabiting tidal creeks. We tested a priori predictions for how these factors might influence exploratory behaviour, stress reactivity, and brain anatomy.</p> <p>3. We examined approximately 350 adult Bahamas mosquitofish from seven tidal creek populations across Andros Island, The Bahamas that varied in both human-caused fragmentation (three fragmented, four unfragmented) and natural habitat complexity (e.g. 5-fold variation in rock habitat).</p> <p>4. Populations that had experienced severe human-induced fragmentation, and thus restriction of tidal exchange from the ocean, exhibited greater exploration of a novel environment, stronger physiological stress responses to a mildly stressful event, and smaller telencephala (relative to body size). These changes matched adaptive predictions based mostly on 1) reduced chronic predation risk and 2) decreased demands for navigating tidally dynamic habitats. Populations from sites with greater structural habitat complexity showed a higher propensity for exploration and a relatively larger optic tectum and cerebellum. These patterns matched adaptive predictions related to increased demands for navigating complex environments.</p> <p>5. Our findings demonstrate environmental variation, including recent anthropogenic impacts (<50 years), can significantly affect complex, ecologically important traits. Yet trait-specific patterns may not be easily predicted, as we found strong support for only six of 12 predictions. Our results further highlight the utility of simultaneously quantifying multiple environmental factors—e.g. had we failed to account for habitat complexity, we would not have detected effects of fragmentation on exploratory behaviours. These responses, and their ecological consequences, may be complex: rapid and adaptive phenotypic responses to anthropogenic impacts can facilitate persistence in human-altered environments, but may come at a cost of population vulnerability if ecological restoration were to occur without consideration of the altered traits. </p>
Figure 35 in A preliminary report on the World species of Bemisia Quaintance and Baker and its congeners (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a comparative analysis of morphological variation and its role in the recognition of species Raymond Gill
Figure 35. Paratype, Bemisia rosae Danzig, 25 km s/o Orapa?, 10-VI-78, ex: rose, E. Danzig, coll.
Concordant patterns of morphological, stable isotope, and genetic variation in a recent ecological radiation (Salmonidae:Coregonus spp.)
<p>Groups of sympatric taxa with low inter-specific genetic differentiation, but considerable ecological differences, offer great opportunities to study the dynamics of divergence and speciation. This is the case of ciscoes (<em>Coregonus</em> spp.) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, which are characterized by a complex evolutionary history and are commonly described as having undergone an adaptive radiation. In this study, morphometrics, stable isotopes and transcriptome sequencing were used to study the relationships within the <em>Coregonus artedi</em> complex in western Lake Superior. We observed general concordance for morphological, ecological and genomic variation, but the latter was more taxonomically informative as it showed less overlap among species in multivariate space. Low levels of genetic differentiation were observed between individuals morphologically identified as <em>C. hoyi</em> and <em>C. zenithicus</em>, which could be evidence of incomplete lineage sorting or recent hybridization between the two groups. Transcriptome-based single nucleotide polymorphisms exhibited significant divergence for genes associated with vision, development, metabolism and immunity among species that occupy different habitats. This study highlights the importance of using an integrative approach when studying groups of taxa with a complex evolutionary history, as individual-level analyses of multiple independent datasets can provide a clearer picture of the patterns and processes associated with the origins of biodiversity.</p>
Broad- and small-scale environmental gradients drive variation in chemical, but not morphological, leaf traits of vascular epiphytes
<p>Variation in leaf functional traits along environmental gradients can reveal how vascular epiphytes respond to broad- and small-scale environmental gradients. Along elevational gradients, both temperature and precipitation likely play an important role as drivers of leaf trait variation, but these traits may also respond to small-scale changes in light, temperature, and humidity along the vertical environmental gradient within forest canopies. However, the relative importance of broad- and small-scale environmental gradients as drivers of variation in leaf functional traits of vascular epiphytes is poorly understood. Here, we examined variation in morphological and chemical leaf traits of 102 vascular epiphyte species spanning two environmental gradients along Cofre de Perote mountain in Mexico: i) a broad-scale environmental gradient approximated by elevation as well as by species' lower and upper elevational limits, and ii) small-scale environmental gradients using the relative height of attachment of an epiphyte on a host tree as a proxy for variation in environmental conditions within the forest canopy. We also assessed whether variation in morphological and chemical leaf traits along these gradients were consistent across photosynthetic pathways (CAM and C<sub>3</sub>). Broad- and small-scale environmental gradients explained more variation in chemical traits (marginal R2: 11-89%) than in morphological traits (marginal R2: 2-31%). For example, leaf carbon isotope signatures (δ<sup>13</sup>C), which reflects water-use efficiency, varied systematically across both environmental gradients, suggesting a decrease in water-use efficiency with increasing lower and upper elevational limits and an increase in water-use efficiency with relative height of attachment. The influence of lower and upper elevational limits on trait variation differed between photosynthetic pathways, except for leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio. Contrary to our expectations, broad- and small-scale environmental gradients explained minimal variation in morphological leaf traits, suggesting that environmental conditions do not constrain morphological leaf trait values of vascular epiphytes. Our findings suggest that assessing multiple drivers of leaf trait variation among photosynthetic pathways is key for disentangling the mechanisms underlying responses of vascular epiphytes to environmental conditions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.