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508 results for “natural evolution”
Resurrecting the metabolome: Rapid evolution magnifies the metabolomic plasticity to predation in a natural Daphnia population
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Figs 69a-69b in ClassiIication, Natural History, and Evolution oI the SubIamily Peloniinae OPITZ (Coleoptera, Cleroidea, Cleridae). Part XIII. The New World genera oI checkered beetles of the Labasiella complex
Figs 69a-69b: (69a) Proposed phylogeny of Labasiella species group and related genera. (69b) Bootstrap consensus tree of Labasiella species group and related genera.
Figs 72-80 in ClassiIication, Natural History, and Evolution oI the SubIamily Peloniinae OPITZ (Coleoptera, Cleroidea, Cleridae). Part XIII. The New World genera oI checkered beetles of the Labasiella complex
Figs 72-80: Habitus. (72) Amphelissus goniodus. (73) A. meieri. (74) Inconnexus lunarus. (75) Labasiella bimaculatus. (76) L. boyaca. (77) L. cochabamba. (78) L. mcclarini. (79) L. eugeniae. (80) L. robles.
Figs 61-62 in ClassiIication, Natural History, and Evolution oI the SubIamily Peloniinae OPITZ (Coleoptera, Cleroidea, Cleridae). Part XIII. The New World genera oI checkered beetles of the Labasiella complex
Figs 61-62: Pronotum and prothoracic venter of Amphelissus meieri. (61) Pronotum. (62) Prothoracic venter.
Figs 1-27 in ClassiIication, Natural History, and Evolution oI the SubIamily Peloniinae OPITZ (Coleoptera, Cleroidea, Cleridae). Part XIII. The New World genera oI checkered beetles of the Labasiella complex
Figs 1-27: Antennae. (1) Amphelissus goniodus, female. (2) A. meieri, female. (3) Inconnexus lunarus, male. (4) Labasiella lata, female. (5) L. labaticollis, female. (6) L. machupicchu, male. 7. L. santa, female. (8) L. stangei, male. (9) L. tucumanensis, male. (10) L. varipennis, male. (11) Pelmatus barri, male. (12) P. barri, female. (13) P. bicolor, female. (14) Macilentus micidus, female. (15) Oncochelyna barrigai, female. (16) O. tuberculata, female. (17) Silvanoclerus dilatus, female. (18) S. beechi, male. (19) Labasiela bimaculata, female. (20) L. boyaca, male. (21) L. cochabamba, male. (22) L. eugeniae, male. (23) L. mcclarini, female. (24) L. solervicensi, female. (25) L. robles, female. (26) L. transversalis, male. (27) L. transversalis, female.
Figs 149-152 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 149-152: Habitus. (149) Muisca biordinis. (150) M. bitaeniata. (151) M. malakela. (152) M. nigrosignata.
Figs 125-128 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 125-128: Habitus. (125) Muisca dilatata. (126) M. insigna. (127) M. apicalis. (128) M. dozieri.
Figs 116-124 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 116-124: Phalli. (116) Muisca adamanta. (117) M. agma. (118) M. biordinis. (119) M. bitaeniata. (120) M. nigrosignata. (121) M. peruviana. (122) M. sigilla. (123) M. testacea. (124) M. variabilis.
Figs 107-115 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 107-115: Phalli. (107) Muisca signa. (108) M. angulicollis. (109) M. maculosa. (110) M. mestolinea. (111) M. omma. (112) M. heppneri. (113) M. lateripunctata. (114) M. octonotata. (115) M. tetraspilota.
Figs 137-140 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 137-140: Habitus. (137) Muisca hexa. (138) M. maculosa. (139) M. anachyma. (140) M. mestolinea.
Figs 145-148 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 145-148: Habitus. (145) Muisca octonotata. (146) M. tetraspilota. (147) M. adamanta. (148) M. agma.
Figs 153-156 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 153-156: Habitus. (153) Muisca peruviana. (154) M. sigilla. (155) M. testacea. (156) M. variabilis
Figs 141-144 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 141-144: Habitus. (141) Muisca omma. (142) M. heppneri. (143) M. lateripunctata. (144) M. magdalena.
Figs 88-89 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 88-89: Various organs. (88) M. octonotata, forebody, ventral view. (89) M. octonotata, prothorax, ventral view.
Figs 34-46 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 34-46: Antennae, alimentary canal, and male mesodermal internal reproductive organs. 34-44 Antennae. (34) M. tetraspilota, male. (35) M. agma, male. (36) M. bitaeniata, male. (37) M. nigrosignata, male. (38) M. sigilla, male. (39) M. zona, male. (40) M. adamanta, male. (41) M. biordinis, male. (42) M. malakela, female. (43) M. peruviana, male. (44) M. variabilis, male. (45) M. condilum, alimentary canal. (46) M. variabilis, male mesodermal internal reproductive organs.
Figs 14-33 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae O (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IX. Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Muisca S
Figs 14-33: Antennae. (14) Muisca dilatata, male. (15) M. apicalis, male. (16) M. hirtula, male. (17) M. xanthura, male. (18) M. angulicollis, male. (19) M. signa, male. (20) M. fera, male. (21) M. octonotata, male. (22) M. maculosa, male. (23) M. anachyma, male. (24) M. insigna, male. (25) M. dozieri, male. (26) M. togata, male. (27) M. irrorata, male. (28) M. menda, female. (29) M. hexa, female. (30) M. heppneri, male. (31) M. magdalena, female. (32) M. mestolinea, male. (33) M. omma, male.
Data for: Natural selection on adults has trait-dependent consequences for juvenile evolution in dragonflies
<p>Although natural selection often varies across ontogeny, it remains unclear what conditions enable selection in one life-cycle stage to shape evolution in others. Organisms that undergo metamorphosis are useful for addressing this topic because, despite the dramatic life-history transition that separates their highly specialized life-cycle stages, the stages only exhibit evolutionary independence in some cases. Using a comparative study of dragonflies, we examined three conditions that are hypothesized to allow selection in one stage to affect evolution in others. First, contrary to predictions that life-cycle stages in lineages with less dramatic metamorphoses (e.g. hemimetabolous insects) do not evolve independently, we found that the evolution of larval body shape is not affected by selection on adult shape. Next, supporting the hypothesis that homologous and/or co-adapted structures do not evolve independently, selection for larger wings are associated with the evolution of a functionally co-adapted larval trait, the sheaths that store developing wing tissue. Finally, consistent with expectations of minimal stage-specific evolution in traits linked to a single biochemical pathway, species with more wing melanization have evolved weaker larval melanin immune defenses. Thus, even in organisms that undergo metamorphosis, some kinds of traits may have greater capacity for stage-specific evolution than others.</p>
Data from: Sexual and natural selection in the evolution of extended phenotypes: the use of green nesting material in starlings
Although sexual selection is typically considered the predominant force driving the evolution of ritualized sexual behaviors, natural selection may also play an important and often underappreciated role. The use of green aromatic plants among nesting birds has been interpreted as a component of extended phenotype that evolved either via natural selection due to potential sanitary functions, or via sexual selection as a signal of male attractiveness. Here we compared both hypotheses using comparative methods in starlings, a group where this behavior is widespread. We found that the use of green plants was positively related to male-biased size dimorphism, and that it was most likely to occur among cavity-nesting species. These results suggest that this behavior is likely favored by sexual selection, but also related to its sanitary use in response to higher parasite loads in cavities. We speculate that the use of green plants in starlings may be facilitated by cavity nesting, and was subsequently co-opted as a sexual signal by males. Our results represent an example of how an extended phenotypic component of males becomes sexually selected by females. Thus, both natural and sexual selection are necessary to fully understand the evolution of ritualized behaviors involved in courtship.
Data from: Genomic analysis of codon usage shows influence of mutation pressure, natural selection, and host features on Marburg virus evolution
Background. The Marburg virus (MARV) has a negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome, belongs to the family Filoviridae, and is responsible for several outbreaks of highly fatal hemorrhagic fever. Codon usage patterns of viruses reflect a series of evolutionary changes that enable viruses to shape their survival rates and fitness toward the external environment and, most importantly, their hosts. To understand the evolution of MARV at the codon level, we report a comprehensive analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in MARV genomes. Multiple codon analysis approaches and statistical methods were performed to determine overall codon usage patterns, biases in codon usage, and influence of various factors, including mutation pressure, natural selection, and its two hosts, Homo sapiens and Rousettus aegyptiacus. Results. Nucleotide composition and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed that MARV shows mutation bias and prefers U- and A-ended codons to code amino acids. Effective number of codons analysis indicated that overall codon usage among MARV genomes is slightly biased. The Parity Rule 2 plot analysis showed that GC and AU nucleotides were not used proportionally which accounts for the presence of natural selection. Codon usage patterns of MARV were also found to be influenced by its hosts. This indicates that MARV have evolved codon usage patterns that are specific to both of its hosts. Moreover, selection pressure from R. aegyptiacus on the MARV RSCU patterns was found to be dominant compared with that from H. sapiens. Overall, mutation pressure was found to be the most important and dominant force that shapes codon usage patterns in MARV. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed codon usage analysis of MARV and extends our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to codon usage and evolution of MARV.
Data from: Predator-driven brain size evolution in natural populations of Trinidadian killifish (Rivulus hartii)
Vertebrates exhibit extensive variation in relative brain size. It has long been assumed that this variation is the product of ecologically driven natural selection. Yet, despite more than 100 years of research, the ecological conditions that select for changes in brain size are unclear. Recent laboratory selection experiments showed that selection for larger brains is associated with increased survival in risky environments. Such results lead to the prediction that increased predation should favour increased brain size. Work on natural populations, however, foreshadows the opposite trajectory of evolution; increased predation favours increased boldness, slower learning, and may thereby select for a smaller brain. We tested the influence of predator-induced mortality on brain size evolution by quantifying brain size variation in a Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii, from communities that differ in predation intensity. We observed strong genetic differences in male (but not female) brain size between fish communities; second generation laboratory-reared males from sites with predators exhibited smaller brains than Rivulus from sites in which they are the only fish present. Such trends oppose the results of recent laboratory selection experiments and are not explained by trade-offs with other components of fitness. Our results suggest that increased male brain size is favoured in less risky environments because of the fitness benefits associated with faster rates of learning and problem-solving behaviour.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.