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305 results for “palaeoecology”
Figure 5 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas
Figure 5. Labidosaurus hamatus, FMNH UR 161. Braincase in occipital (A) and palatal (B) views.
Figure 4. Labidosaurus hamatus, MCZ 8727 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas
Figure 4. Labidosaurus hamatus, MCZ 8727. Skull roof and left mandibular ramus in ventral view.
Figure 6 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas
Figure 6. Labidosaurus hamatus, CM 73371. Skull in occipital view.
A range-wide postglacial history of Swiss stone pine based on molecular markers and palaeoecological evidence
<p><strong><span>Aim: </span></strong><span>Knowing a species' response to historical climate shifts helps understanding its perspectives under global warming.<strong> </strong>We infer the hitherto unresolved postglacial history of <em>Pinus cembra.</em> Using independent evidence from genetic structure and demographic inference of extant populations, and from palaeoecological findings, we derive putative refugia and re-colonisation routes.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location: </span></strong><span>European Alps and Carpathians.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Taxa: </span></strong><em><span>Pinus cembra.</span></em></p> <p><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>We genotyped nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers in nearly 3,000 individuals from 147 locations across the entire natural range of <em>P. cembra</em>. Spatial genetic structure (Bayesian modelling) and demographic history (Approximate Bayesian Computation) were combined with palaeobotanical records (pollen, macrofossils) to infer putative refugial areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and re-colonisation of the current range.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results: </span></strong><span>We found distinct spatial genetic structure, despite low genetic differentiation even between the two disjunct mountain ranges. Nuclear markers revealed five genetic clusters aligned East–West across the range, while chloroplast haplotype distribution suggested nine clusters. Spatially congruent separation at both marker types highlighted two main genetic lineages in the East and West of the range. Demographic inference supported early separation of these lineages dating back to a previous interstadial or interglacial <em>c.</em> 210,000 years ago. Differentiation into five biologically meaningful genetic clusters likely established during post-glacial re-colonisation.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Main conclusions: </span></strong><span>Combining genetic and palaeoecological evidence suggests that <em>P. cembra</em> primarily survived the LGM in "cold period" refugia south of the Central European Alps and near the Carpathians, from where it expanded during the Late Glacial into its current Holocene "warm period" refugia. This colonisation history has led to the distinct East–West structure of five genetic clusters. The two main genetic lineages likely derived from ancient divergence during an interglacial or interstadial. The respective contact zone (Brenner line) matches a main biogeographic break in the European Alps also found in herbaceous alpine plant species.</span></p>
Fig. 4. A in The geological setting and palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological reconstructions of the Upper Permian insect beds at Belmont, New South Wales, Australia
Fig. 4. A block model of the Belmont coal swamps and gravel channel system.
Fig. 2 in The geological setting and palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological reconstructions of the Upper Permian insect beds at Belmont, New South Wales, Australia
Fig. 2. Section of insect seam from Pincombe's Outcrop (site 206, see Fig. 3).
Fig. 3 in The geological setting and palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological reconstructions of the Upper Permian insect beds at Belmont, New South Wales, Australia
Fig. 3. Map of Belmont insect beds, showing new and old collection sites.
Taxonomic utility of isolated ankylosaurian dinosaur teeth using traditional and geometric morphometrics with implications for ankylosaur palaeoecology
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Palaeoecological data of KTG core, Katingan, Central Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia
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A range-wide postglacial history of Swiss stone pine based on molecular markers and palaeoecological evidence
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Data from: Ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing and shell shape in the Late Cretaceous gaudryceratid ammonoids: implications for their post-embryonic palaeoecology
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Data from: Feeding habits of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis from Germany and palaeoecological implications for archosaurs
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Data from: Species Delimitation of Endemic Atlantic Forest Inga subnuda (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade) Subspecies Based on Morphological, Ecological and Palaeoecological Data
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Fossil snakes from the Eocene of India: New material with comments on phylogenetic relations and biogeographic and palaeoecological implications
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Modern pollen–plant diversity relationships inform palaeoecological reconstructions of functional and phylogenetic diversity in calcareous fens
<p>Predicting the trajectory of ongoing diversity loss requires knowledge of historical development of community assemblages. Long-term data from paleoecological investigations combined with key biodiversity measures in ecology such as taxonomic richness, functional diversity (FD), phylogenetic diversity (PD) and environmental factors expressed as Ellenberg indicator values (EIVs) could provide that knowledge. We explored the modern pollen–plant (moss polster pollen vs. surrounding vegetation) diversity relationships for herbaceous and woody taxa in calcareous fens from two different regions in Estonia, NE Europe. Associations of taxonomic richness, vegetation composition, FD (including functional alpha diversity and trait composition), PD and EIVs in modern pollen vs. plant data were studied with correlation analysis, Procrustes analysis and linear regression models. To test their potential use in palaeoreconstructions, diversity measures were applied on pollen data from Kanna spring fen reflecting fen vegetation development over the last nine millennia and diversity changes through time were studied using generalized additive models. Results showed significant pollen–plant richness correlations for herbaceous taxa at vegetation estimate scales up to 6 m radius and Procrustes analysis showed significant compositional associations at all plant estimate scales (up to 100 m). Woody taxa had no significant pollen–plant richness correlations but composition relationships were significant at plant estimate scales of 6–100 m. Traits that were best reflected by pollen data (both in terms of trait composition and functional alpha diversity) among woody and herbaceous taxa were seed number, clonality, SLA and LDMC. PD of herbaceous species was reflected by pollen data. Among the EIVs, Ellenberg L and T were significantly reflected by pollen data for both woody and herbaceous communities. Palaeoreconstruction from Kanna fen indicates that trends of woody taxa are mostly related to long-term changes in climate while diversity variables of herbaceous taxa closely follow autogenic processes within the fen. We suggest that pollen-based diversity estimates should be calculated separately for woody and herbaceous taxa as they clearly represent different spatial scales. Present study suggests that linking sedimentary pollen data with FD, PD and EIVs provides possibilities to examine long-term trends in community assembly and ecosystem processes that would be undetectable from traditional pollen diagrams.</p>
Data from: Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in long-term time series and palaeoecological records: deep sea as a test bed
The link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) over long temporal scales is poorly understood. Here, we investigate biological monitoring and palaeoecological records on decadal, centennial and millennial time scales from a BEF framework, by using deep-sea, soft-sediment environments as a test bed. Results generally show positive BEF relationships, in agreement with BEF studies based on present-day spatial analyses and short-term manipulative experiments. However, the deep-sea BEF relationship is much noisier across longer time scales compared with modern observational studies. We also demonstrate with palaeoecological time-series data that a larger species pool does not enhance ecosystem stability through time, whereas abundance, as an indicator of higher ecosystem functioning, may enhance ecosystem stability. These results suggest that BEF relationships are potentially timescale-dependent. Environmental impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning may be much stronger than biodiversity impacts on ecosystem functioning at long, decadal–millennial, time scales. Longer time-scale perspectives, including palaeoecological and ecosystem monitoring data, are critical for predicting future BEF relationships on a rapidly changing planet.
Data from: Fish and tetrapod communities across a marine to brackish salinity gradient in the Pennsylvanian (early Moscovian) Minto Formation of New Brunswick, Canada, and their palaeoecological and palaeogeographical implications
Euryhaline adaptations in Pennsylvanian vertebrates allowed them to inhabit the marine to freshwater spectrum. This is illustrated by new assemblages of fish and tetrapods from the early Moscovian Minto Formation of New Brunswick, Canada. Fish include chondrichthyans (xenacanthids and the enigmatic Ageleodus), acanthodians (gyracanthids and acanthodiforms), sarcopterygians (rhizodontids, megalichthyids and dipnoans), and actinopterygians (eurynotiforms). Tetrapods include small- to medium-sized, and largely aquatic, stem tetrapods (colosteids) and anthracosaurs (embolomeres). A key finding is that the parautochthonous fossil assemblages are preserved across a salinity gradient, with diversity (measured by the Simpson Index) declining from open marine environments, through brackish embayments, and reaching a nadir in tidal estuaries. Chondrichthyans dominate the entire salinity spectrum (65% of fossils), a distribution that demonstrates a euryhaline mode of life, and one large predatory chondrichthyan, Orthacanthus, may have practised filial cannibalism in coastal nurseries because its heteropolar coprolites contain juvenile xenacanthid teeth. In contrast, other fish communities were more common in open marine settings while tetrapods were more common in coastal brackish waters. While all these faunas were also likely to have been euryhaline, their osmoregulation was, perhaps, less versatile. The demonstration of widespread euryhalinity among fish and aquatic tetrapods explains why Pennsylvanian faunas generally show a cosmopolitan biogeography because taxa were able to disperse via seaways. It also resolves the paradox of enriched strontium isotopic signatures observed in these faunas because organisms would have been, at times, exposed to continental water bodies as well. Therefore, our new findings contribute to the long-running debate about the ecology of Pennsylvanian fishes and tetrapods.
FIGURE 4 in Givetian ostracods of the Candás Formation (Asturias, North-western Spain): taxonomy, stratigraphy, palaeoecology, relationship to global events and palaeogeographical implications
FIGURE 4. Height/length diagram for Evlanella peranensis Maillet n. sp.. The trendline equation (y) is indicated.
FIGURE 3 in Givetian ostracods of the Candás Formation (Asturias, North-western Spain): taxonomy, stratigraphy, palaeoecology, relationship to global events and palaeogeographical implications
FIGURE 3. Stratigraphical distribution of ostracod taxa through the Candás Formation in the Peran-Perlora and Carranques sections. Samples numbers are replaced on a detailed stratigraphical column of the series, on which macro- and microfaunas' occurrences are indicated.
FIGURE 2 in Givetian ostracods of the Candás Formation (Asturias, North-western Spain): taxonomy, stratigraphy, palaeoecology, relationship to global events and palaeogeographical implications
FIGURE 2. Simplified stratigraphical column of the Candás Formation, standard conodont zonation and chronostratigraphy (according to García-Alcalde et al. 1979; García-López 1986 and García-López et al. 2002).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.