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668 results for “polychaetes”
Data from: Consequences of a poecilogonous life history for genetic structure in coastal populations of the polychaete Streblospio benedicti
In many species, alternative developmental pathways lead to the production of two distinct phenotypes, promoting the evolution of morphological novelty and diversification. Offspring type in marine invertebrates influences transport time by ocean currents, which dictate dispersal potential and gene flow, and thus has sweeping evolutionary effects on the potential for local adaptation and on rates of speciation, extinction, and molecular evolution. Here we use the polychaete Streblospio benedicti to investigate the effects of dimorphic offspring type on gene flow and genetic structure in coastal populations. We use 84 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for this species to assay populations on the East and West Coasts of the United States. Using these markers we found that in their native East Coast distribution, populations of S. benedicti have high population genetic structure, but this structure is associated primarily with geographic separation rather than developmental differences. Interestingly, very little genetic differentiation is recovered between individuals of different development types when they occur in the same or nearby populations, further supporting that this is a true case of poecilogony. In addition, we were able to demonstrate that the recently introduced West Coast populations (~100ya) likely originated from a lecithotrophic population near Delaware.
Data from: The effect of bioturbation by polychaetes (Opheliidae) on benthic foraminiferal assemblages and test preservation
Biological activity such as burrowing can alter benthic foraminiferal shell preservation and may also modify benthic foraminiferal assemblages by vertical mixing, inducing sediment homogenization. Here, we analyse benthic foraminiferal assemblages and taphonomy of upper Miocene marine deposits from Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz, south-western Spain). The deposits consist of marls displaying a pervasive alternation of intensively bioturbated beds dominated by Macaronichnus segregatis traces (ichnofabric index 4–5) and non-bioturbated beds. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by Cibicidoides mundulus and Cibicides refulgens, indicating that the marls were deposited on an oligotrophic, well-oxygenated upper slope. The impact of burrowing on the preservation of benthic foraminiferal tests was tested using Q-mode cluster analysis, which found two well-differentiated groups of samples, one including the non-bioturbated beds and the other encompassing the bioturbated ones. Fragmentation and recrystallization account for the differentiation of these groups, both being higher in the bioturbated sediments. Aggressive chemical digestion by the Macaronichnus trace-makers, assumed to be a polychaete worm of the family Opheliidae, etched the microfossil shells, making them more vulnerable to fragmentation. Intense bioturbation favoured the circulation of pore fluids, encouraging recrystallization. Pervasive burrowing resulted in significant vertical reworking of microfossils. As a consequence, benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the bioturbated beds were homogenized in the mixed layer; that is, the uppermost layer of the substrate totally burrowed. The alternation of bioturbated and non-bioturbated beds reflects episodic transfer of food particles down slope from shallower parts of the shelf as well as from the continent due to storms under otherwise homogeneous oligotrophic marine conditions.
Data from: An account of the taxonomy and distribution of Syllidae (Annelida, Polychaetes) in the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on the genus Prosphaerosyllis San Martín, 1984 in the Mediterranean
The syllid fauna of three locations in Crete and Israel (Eastern Mediterranean Sea) was studied, yielding 82 syllid species, many of which were found for the first time in the respective areas: Seventeen species were recorded for the first time on the Israeli coasts and 20 in Greek waters. Perkinsyllis augeneri (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979) and Prosphaerosyllis chauseyensis Olivier et al., 2011 are new records for the Mediterranean Sea. Detailed information are given on the morphology, ecology and distribution of the species recorded for the first time in the studied areas. In addition, an update on the distribution of the genus Prosphaerosyllis San Martín, 1984 in the Mediterranean is given and an identification key is provided.
Data from: Starting a DNA barcode reference library for shallow water polychaetes from the southern European Atlantic coast
Annelid polychaetes have been seldom the focus of dedicated DNA barcoding studies, despite their ecological relevance and often dominance, particularly in soft-bottom estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. Here, we report the first assessment of the performance of DNA barcodes in the discrimination of shallow water polychaete species from the southern European Atlantic coast, focusing on specimens collected in estuaries and coastal ecosystems of Portugal. We analysed cytochrome oxidase I DNA barcodes (COI-5P) from 164 specimens, which were assigned to 51 morphospecies. To our data set from Portugal, we added available published sequences selected from the same species, genus or family, to inspect for taxonomic congruence among studies and collection location. The final data set comprised 290 specimens and 79 morphospecies, which generated 99 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) within Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). Among these, 22 BINs were singletons, 47 other BINs were concordant, confirming the initial identification based on morphological characters, and 30 were discordant, most of which consisted on multiple BINs found for the same morphospecies. Some of the most prominent cases in the latter category include Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776) (7), Eulalia viridis (Linnaeus, 1767) (2) and Owenia fusiformis (delle Chiaje, 1844) (5), all of them reported from Portugal and frequently used in ecological studies as environmental quality indicators. Our results for these species showed discordance between molecular lineages and morphospecies, or added additional relatively divergent lineages. The potential inaccuracies in environmental assessments, where underpinning polychaete species diversity is poorly resolved or clarified, demand additional and extensive investigation of the DNA barcode diversity in this group, in parallel with alpha taxonomy efforts.
FIGURE 1 in Ankerius aenigmaticus, a new genus and new species of aphanodactylid crab symbiotic with polychaetes from the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Aphanodactylidae)
FIGURE 1. Ankerius aenigmaticus gen. et sp. nov., female holotype (7.2 × 7.0 mm) (UF), Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Colours in life. Photograph: A. Anker.
FIGURE 4 in Ankerius aenigmaticus, a new genus and new species of aphanodactylid crab symbiotic with polychaetes from the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Aphanodactylidae)
FIGURE 4. Ankerius aenigmaticus gen. et sp. nov., female holotype (7.2 × 7.0 mm) (UF), Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. A, B, left P2; C, D, left P3; E, F, left P4; G, H, left P5; I, J, propodus and dactylus of left P4. A, C, E, J, lateral view; B, D, F, I, mesial view. Scales: A–H = 1.0 mm; I, J = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Ankerius aenigmaticus, a new genus and new species of aphanodactylid crab symbiotic with polychaetes from the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Aphanodactylidae)
FIGURE 3. Ankerius aenigmaticus gen. et sp. nov., female holotype (7.2 × 7.0 mm) (UF), Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. A, frontal view of cephalothorax showing orbit, antennule, antenna, epistome and endostome; B, front, orbit and antenna; C, epistome and endostome; D, left third maxiliped; E, female abdomen; F, left chela; G, merus of right cheliped. Scales = 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Two new terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Pseudostreblosoma brevitentaculatum sp. nov.. A: notopodia, segments 4–6; arrows point to papillae; B: notochaetae, segment 6; C: closer view of tip of short notochaetae and midlength of long notochaetae, segment 6; D: tip of long notochaetae, segment 6; E: posterior notochaetae; F: closer view of chaetae shown in figure E, showing blades of serrated (short) notochaetae and midlength region of limbate (long) notochaetae; G: subdistal area of limbate (long) notochaeta, same notopodium; H: tip of same chaeta. Scale bars: A: 100 µm; B: 5 µm; C, G: 2 µm; D: 6 µm; E: 40 µm; F, H: 4 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Two new terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 5. Phisidia rubra sp. nov.. A: holotype (MZUSP 16927), lateral view; B: long notochaeta, segment 7; C: short notochaeta, segment 7; D: uncinus, segment 11; E: abdominal uncinus; F: long notochaeta, segment 15; G: short notochaetae, segment 15. Scale bars: A: 0.5 mm; B–G: 10 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Two new terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 6. Phisidia rubra sp. nov.. A: anterior end, dorsolateral view; B: anterior end, dorsal view; C: thorax, ventral view; D: anterior end, lateral view; arrow points to ciliated border between prostomium and peristomium; E: anterior end, ventral view; F: anterior end, lateral view; G: anterior end, ventral view; H: transition between thorax and abdomen; I, segments 2–8, lateral view; arrows point to papillae. ll: lower lip; P: prostomium; P (bp): basal part of prostomium; P (dp): distal part of prostomium; Pe: peristomium; ul: upper lip; numbers refer to segments. Scale bars: A: 100 µm; B: 60 µm; C: 180 µm; D, F, H: 50 µm; E: 40 µm; G: 70 µm; I: 30 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Two new terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 8. Phisidia rubra sp. nov. A: uncini, segment 5; B: uncini, segment 10; C–D: uncini, segment 13; E: uncini, segment 21 (first segment after the ending of the uncini arranged in double rows); F: detail of the uncini of segment 21; G: posterior abdominal uncini; H: detail of posterior abdominal uncini. Scale bars: A, E, G–H: 2 µm; B: 3 µm; C–D: 4 µm; F: 1.5 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Two new terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Pseudostreblosoma brevitentaculatum sp. nov. A: anterior end, dorsal view; B: anterior end, ventrolateral view; C: anterior end, ventral view; D: dorsal view of anterior segments of left side of body, showing the origin of branchial filaments, after they were cut off; E: closer dorsal view of prostomium, peristomium and segment 2; F: detail of border between basal part of prostomium and peristomium, showing conspicuous ciliation in latter; G: oral area, superior view; H: ventrolateral view of anterior end, higher magnification; arrow points to origin of segment 1, between peristomium and segment 2. ll = lower lip; P = prostomium; P (bp) = basal part of prostomium; P (dp) = distal part of prostomium; Pe = peristomium; ul = upper lip; numbers refer to segments. Scale bars: A: 400 µm; B: 240 µm; C, G: 200 µm; D: 150 µm; E: 100 µm; F: 20 µm; H: 50 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Two new terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 7. Phisidia rubra sp. nov.. A: notochaetae, segment 6; B: serrated (short) notochaetae, segment 5; C: tip of limbate (long) notochaetae, segment 6; D: limbate (long) notochaetae, segment 4; E: notochaetae, segment 13; F, H: Higher magnification of notochaetae of segment 13; G: notochaetae, segment 15. Scale bars: A: 5 µm; B, D, H: 4 µm; C: 2 µm; E: 9 µm; F, G: 6 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Two new terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4. Pseudostreblosoma brevitentaculatum sp. nov.. A: posterior thoracic neuropodium; B: uncini, segment 5; C–F: posterior thoracic uncini; arrows point to dorsal buttons. Scale bars: A: 70 µm; B, C, F: 6 µm; D: 4 µm; E: 5 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Pseudostreblosoma brevitentaculatum sp. nov.. A: paratype 1 (MZUSP 16926), lateral view; B: holotype (MZUSP 16925), anterior end, dorsal view; C: uncinus, segment 6; D: abdominal uncinus; E: long notochaeta, segment 13; F: short notochaetae, segment 13. Scale bars: A–B: 1 mm; C–D: 0,025 mm; E–F: 0,05 mm.
FIGURE 11 in New species of terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Australia
FIGURE 11. Streblosoma bingarra sp. nov. Holotype. A, uncini, segment 14; B, uncini, segment 6; C, closer view of one uncinus from segment 6; D, closer view of three uncini from segment 14. Scale bars: A–B: 30 Μm; C–D: 20 Μm.
FIGURE 10 in New species of terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Australia
FIGURE 10. Streblosoma bingarra sp. nov. Holotype. A, anterior end, dorsal view, branchial filaments on left side of segment 2 pulled downwards and buccal tentacles pulled upwards to expose prostomium and segment 1; B, anterior end, dorsal view, branchial filaments on left side of segment 2 pulled upwards and branchial filaments on left side of segment 3 pulled downwards to expose first two notopodia and arrangement of branchial filaments; C, anterior end, dorsal view, branchial filaments on left side of segments 2 and 3 pulled upwards to expose left notopodium on segment 4 and branchial filaments arrangement. Numbers refer to segments; P = prostomium. Scale bars: A–C; 1 mm.
FIGURE 8 in New species of terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Australia
FIGURE 8. Decathelepus wambira sp. nov. A, anterior end, left lateral view; B, uncinus, segment 19; C, anterior end, right lateral view; D, notochaeta from posterior tier, segment 17; E, anterior end, dorsal view; F, notochaeta from anterior tier, segment 8. Figures A and C from paratype, all other figures from holotype. Scale bars: A, C, E: 250 Μm; B: 5 Μm; D: 30 Μm; F: 20 Μm.
FIGURE 9 in New species of terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Australia
FIGURE 9. Streblosoma bingarra sp. nov. Holotype. A, anterior end, right lateral view; B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, anterior end, left lateral view; D, anterior end, ventral view; E, closer view of anterior end, dorsal view; F, closer view of anterior end, right lateral view; G, closer view of the anterior end, ventral view; H, anterior end, right lateral view; buccal tentacles and branchial filaments on segment 2 pulled upwards to expose first notopodium; I, closer view of right lateral of the body with branchial filaments on segment 2 pulled upwards; J, posterior notochaetigerous parapodia. Arrows point to nephridial papillae; numbers refer to segments; ll = lower lip; P = prostomium; ul = upper lip. Scale bars: A–D: 2 mm; E–I: 1 mm; J: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 7 in New species of terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Australia
FIGURE 7. Decathelepus wambira sp. nov. A, anterior end, dorsal view; arrow points to basal part of prostomium; B, anterior end, right lateral view; C, anterior end, dorsal view; D, anterior end, left lateral view; E, closer view of anterior end, ventral view; F, abdominal parapodia, G, notochaetae of anterior tier, segment 8 (all notochaetae of posterior tier broken off); H, notochaetae, segment 17; I, uncini, segment 16; J, uncini, segment 19; K–L, closer views of two uncini from segment 19. Photos A–B, D–E from paratype; photos C, F–L from holotype. Numbers refer to segments, ll = lower lip; P (bp) = basal part of prostomium; P (dp) = distal part of prostomium; ul = upper lip. Scale bars: A–D: 250 Μm; E–F: 200 Μm; G: 20 Μm; H: 30 Μm; I–J: 10 Μm; K–L: 5 Μm.
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