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304 results for “scale pattern”
Figure 3 from: Korshunova T, Malmberg K, Prkić J, Petani A, Fletcher K, Lundin K, Martynov A (2020) Fine-scale species delimitation: speciation in process and periodic patterns in nudibranch diversity. ZooKeys 917: 15-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.917.47444
Figure 3 Periodic-like presentation of colour variation patterns among all species of the genus Amphorina, represented as vertical rows. Three main periods (horizontal rows), each with several subperiods are presented with spotless body/colourless forms at the bottom to forms with a maximal number of spots/coloured body at the top. Note that different species fundamentally display similar colouration patterns, but not all species display all colourations, so some morphs in particular species (e.g., forms with extensive surface pigmentation and dark body in A. farrani, A. linensis, and A. pallida) can either be eventually discovered or do not exist, by some further constraints of the developmental system. Non-observed forms for each particular species are indicated as "unkn" = "unknown"). * = Image from Alder and Hancock 1845.
Data for "Fine-scale tundra vegetation patterns are strongly related to winter thermal conditions"
<p>This page links to the data and code associated with the publication Niittynen et al. (In Press). "Fine-scale tundra vegetation patterns are strongly related to winter thermal conditions".</p> <p>The dataset contains fine-scale microclimatic, soil and species (vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen) data from three Arctic areas.The environmental data and analyses are describes in the linked publication.</p>
Figure 4 in Temporal patterns of the calanoid copepod community in Veliko Jezero, an isolated marine lake (South Adriatic Sea): links to a larger-scale climate changes
Figure 4. Mean Margalef's species richness and Shannon–Wiener diversity index values per year; 90% confidence intervals are shown.
Figure 3 in Temporal patterns of the calanoid copepod community in Veliko Jezero, an isolated marine lake (South Adriatic Sea): links to a larger-scale climate changes
Figure 3. Seasonal and inter-annual patterns of total calanoid abundance (individuals per m3) (left scale and bars) and their contribution (%) to total mesozooplankton abundance (right scale and line) over the study period.
Figure 2 in Temporal patterns of the calanoid copepod community in Veliko Jezero, an isolated marine lake (South Adriatic Sea): links to a larger-scale climate changes
Figure 2. Seasonal and inter-annual patterns of hydrographic parameters (temperature and salinity) over the study period.
Anuran accents: Continental-scale citizen science data reveal spatial and temporal patterns of call variability
<p>Data and code associated with the 2020 publication in Ecology and Evolution (doi:10.1002/ece3.6833).</p>
Data from: Morphological variability in propagules of a desert annual as a function of rainfall patterns at different temporal and spatial scales
1.Organisms living in highly variable environments have to display integrated strategies to deal with both systematic and random variation occurring at different temporal and spatial scales. Two predictions were tested by analysing geographic-scale patterns of seed size and seed retention (serotiny) in Chorizanthe rigida, a strict winter desert annual that delays seed dispersal and releases propagules after rainfall events: (a) Adaptation to systematic environmental cues occurs by means of changes in morphology, and (b) within-individual variation in seed size allows a differential response to rainfall cues: while some seeds germinate rapidly others are retained for future rainfall events. 2.We quantified morphological variation and performed germination experiments on C. rigida propagules (involucres + achenes) from six populations distributed throughout the Mojave and Sonoran deserts covering: (a) a systematic, west-to-east, winter-to-bi-seasonal (summer and winter) precipitation gradient, and (b) a winter-rain unpredictability gradient inferred from long-term climatic data. 3.The propagule retention structure (i.e., base area of the pedicel) of C. rigida individuals experiencing bi-seasonal rainfall are double the size of those that have evolved under a strict winter rainfall regime, showing that populations living in bi-seasonal environments have higher seed retention which allows them to avoid releasing seeds to a summer rainfall cue. 4.Within-individual variance of propagule size varied significantly between populations and was correlated with winter rainfall variability in each site. 5.Germination varied as a function of propagule size; smaller seeds germinated more readily than larger seeds. Increased variability in propagule size might result in a more variable germination response. 6.Under common experimental conditions germination varied significantly among sites and was negatively correlated with mean winter effective precipitation, suggesting that propagules from populations in drier sites have lower germination moisture thresholds. 7.Synthesis. C. rigida propagules have larger bases in deserts with biseasonal rainfall, which allows them to avoid seed release during summer rainfall cues, and display within-individual seed variance associated to rainfall unpredictability, a trait often interpreted as a bet-hedging strategy. Our study provides empirical evidence of an integrated strategy that allows to cope with both random and systematic rainfall variation.
Data from: A theoretical foundation for multi-scale regular vegetation patterns
Self-organized regular vegetation patterns are widespread1 and thought to mediate ecosystem functions such as productivity and robustness, but the mechanisms underlying their origin and maintenance remain disputed. Particularly controversial are landscapes of overdispersed (evenly spaced) elements, such as North American Mima mounds, Brazilian murundus, South African heuweltjies, and, famously, Namibian fairy circles. Two competing hypotheses are currently debated. On the one hand, models of scale-dependent feedbacks, whereby plants facilitate neighbours while competing with distant individuals, can reproduce various regular patterns identified in satellite imagery. Owing to deep theoretical roots and apparent generality, scale-dependent feedbacks are widely viewed as a unifying and near-universal principle of regular-pattern formation, despite scant empirical evidence. On the other hand, many overdispersed vegetation patterns worldwide have been attributed to subterranean ecosystem engineers such as termites, ants, and rodents. Although potentially consistent with territorial competition, this interpretation has been challenged theoretically and empirically and (unlike scale-dependent feedbacks) lacks a unifying dynamical theory, fuelling scepticism about its plausibility and generality. Here we provide a general theoretical foundation for self-organization of social-insect colonies, validated using data from four continents, which demonstrates that intraspecific competition between territorial animals can generate the large-scale hexagonal regularity of these patterns. However, this mechanism is not mutually exclusive with scale-dependent feedbacks. Using Namib Desert fairy circles as a case study, we present field data showing that these landscapes exhibit multi-scale patterning—previously undocumented in this system—that cannot be explained by either mechanism in isolation. These multi-scale patterns and other emergent properties, such as enhanced resistance to and recovery from drought, instead arise from dynamic interactions in our theoretical framework, which couples both mechanisms. The potentially global extent of animal-induced regularity in vegetation—which can modulate other patterning processes in functionally important ways—emphasizes the need to integrate multiple mechanisms of ecological self-organization.
Data from: Patterns of size variation in bees at a continental scale: does Bergmann's rule apply?
Body size latitudinal clines have been widley explained by the Bergmann's rule in homeothermic vertebrates. However, there is no general consensus in poikilotherms organisms in particular in insects that represent the large majority of wildlife. Among them, bees are a highly diverse pollinators group with high economic and ecological value. Nevertheless, no comprehensive studies of species assemblages at a phylogenetically larger scale have been carried out even if they could identify the traits and the ecological conditions that generate different patterns of latitudinal size variation. We aimed to test Bergmann's rule for wild bees by assessing relationships between body size and latitude at continental and community levels. We tested our hypotheses for bees showing different life history traits (i.e. sociality and nesting behaviour). We used 142,008 distribution records of 615 bee species at 50 km x 50 km (CGRS) grids across the West Palearctic. We then applied Generalized Least Squares fitted linear model (GLS) to assess the relationship between latitude and mean body size of bees, taking into account spatial autocorrelation. For all bee species grouped, mean body size increased with higher latitudes, and so followed Bergmann's rule. However, considering bee genera separately, four genera were consistent with Bergmann's rule, while three showed a converse trend, and three showed no significant cline. All life history traits used here (i.e. solitary, social and parasitic behaviour; ground and stem nesting behaviour) displayed a Bergmann's cline. In general there is a main trend for larger bees in colder habitats, which is likely to be related to their thermoregulatory abilities and partial endothermy, even if a "season length effect" (i.e. shorter foraging season) is a potential driver of the converse Bergmann's cline particularly in bumblebees.
Data from: Life history determines biogeographical patterns of soil bacterial communities over multiple spatial scales
The extent to which the distribution of soil bacteria is controlled by local environment versus spatial factors (e.g., dispersal, colonisation limitation, evolutionary events) is poorly understood and widely debated. Our understanding of biogeographic controls in microbial communities is likely hampered by the enormous environmental variability encountered across spatial scales and the broad diversity of microbial life histories. Here we constrained environmental factors (soil chemistry, climate, above-ground plant community) to investigate the specific influence of space, by fitting all other variables first, on bacterial communities in soils over distances from m to 102 km. We found strong evidence for a spatial component to bacterial community structure that varies with scale and organism life history (dispersal and survival ability). Geographic distance had no influence over community structure for organisms known to have survival stages, but the converse was true for organisms thought to be less hardy. Community function (substrate utilisation) was also shown to be highly correlated to community structure, but not to abiotic factors, suggesting non-stochastic determinants of community structure are important Our results support the view that bacterial soil communities are constrained by both edaphic factors and geographic distance, and further show that the relative importance of such constraints depends critically on the taxonomic resolution used to evaluate spatio-temporal patterns of microbial diversity, as well as life-history of the groups being investigated, much as is the case for macro-organisms.
FIGURE 8. Pseudotomias kisarawe n in The Eastern Arc Mountains and coastal forests of East Africa—an archive to understand large-scale biogeographical patterns: Pseudotomias, a new genus of African Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
FIGURE 8. Pseudotomias kisarawe n. sp. male mounting female showing sexual size dimorphism.
FIGURE 6 in The Eastern Arc Mountains and coastal forests of East Africa—an archive to understand large-scale biogeographical patterns: Pseudotomias, a new genus of African Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
FIGURE 6. Last instar of female Pseudotomias usambaricus n. sp.
FIGURE 7. Pseudotomias kisarawe n in The Eastern Arc Mountains and coastal forests of East Africa—an archive to understand large-scale biogeographical patterns: Pseudotomias, a new genus of African Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
FIGURE 7. Pseudotomias kisarawe n. sp., male (A) and female (B).
FIGURE 2 in The Eastern Arc Mountains and coastal forests of East Africa—an archive to understand large-scale biogeographical patterns: Pseudotomias, a new genus of African Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
FIGURE 2. Male holotype of Pseudotomias usambaricus n. sp., Sigi Trail, East Usambara Mountains.
Figure 7 in Spatiotemporal patterns in marine fish and cephalopods communities across scales: using an autoregressive spatiotemporal clustering model. A study of fish and cephalopods of the Eastern English Channel
Figure 7. – Eastern English Channel spatial community from low (blue) to high (red) median densities of numbers/ km2 in log scale are mapped, S522c1 (A), S522c2 (B).
Figure S3 in Spatiotemporal patterns in marine fish and cephalopods communities across scales: using an autoregressive spatiotemporal clustering model. A study of fish and cephalopods of the Eastern English Channel
Figure S3. – Eastern English Channel spatial community from low (blue) to high (red) median densities of numbers/km2 in log scale are mapped, S782c1 (A), S782c2 (B), S1043sc1 (C), S1043sc2 (D), S1043sc3 (E).
Figure 6 in Spatiotemporal patterns in marine fish and cephalopods communities across scales: using an autoregressive spatiotemporal clustering model. A study of fish and cephalopods of the Eastern English Channel
Figure 6. – Absolute values of spatial-temporal hierarchical clustering at a 522 km2 scale. The rectangle outlines the communities that where find statistically significant by ASTEC given the approximately unbiased p-values in percentage (red). The light grey numbers represent the edge number of the tree.
Figure 1. – Eastern English Channel spatial grid using a in Spatiotemporal patterns in marine fish and cephalopods communities across scales: using an autoregressive spatiotemporal clustering model. A study of fish and cephalopods of the Eastern English Channel
Figure 1. – Eastern English Channel spatial grid using a triangular mesh at a 522 km2 (A), 782 km2 (B) and 1043 km2 (C) average scale with the geographic coordinates in WGS84 of all the English Channel groundfish hauls survey from 1995 to 2014 (blue). The red points are the vertices used to define the mesh.
Figure 10 in Spatiotemporal patterns in marine fish and cephalopods communities across scales: using an autoregressive spatiotemporal clustering model. A study of fish and cephalopods of the Eastern English Channel
Figure 10. – Alosa sp. from low (blue) to high (red) median densities of numbers/ km2 in log scale for 522 km2 for the Eastern English Channel.
Figure 4 in Spatiotemporal patterns in marine fish and cephalopods communities across scales: using an autoregressive spatiotemporal clustering model. A study of fish and cephalopods of the Eastern English Channel
Figure 4. – Spatial hierarchical clustering at a 522 km2 scale. The rectangle outlines the communities that where find statistically significant by ASTEC given the approximately unbiased p-values expressed in percentage (red). The light grey numbers represent the edge number of the tree.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.