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334 results for “shale”
Figure 4 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 4. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. A, B, P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, D, P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–7, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; oc, oral cone. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 7 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 7. Reconstructions of Emu Bay Shale radiodont frontal appendages. A, B, Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. A, entire appendage. B, oblique cross-section of first claw podomere (Cp1) showing enlarged paired endites, each bearing three pairs of auxiliary spines. C, D, Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995). C, entire appendage. D, oblique cross-section of typical claw podomere in middle portion of appendage showing paired endites bearing both auxiliary spines and spinules.
Figure 6 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 6. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. A, B, paratype SAMA P15374b. Frontal appendage. A, overview. B, detail of proximal and distal parts of enrolled appendage; arrowheads indicate auxiliary spines. C, SAMA P54915. Distal part of frontal appendage, showing four dorsal spines. D, E, SAMA P54874a, b, respectively. Oral cone. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp10, claw podomeres 1–10; ds, dorsal spine; En1, endite of claw podomere 1. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–E = 5 mm.
Figure 2 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 1. Radiodont phylogeny. A in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 1. Radiodont phylogeny. A, strict consensus of nine shortest cladograms under equal character weights; numbers at nodes are jackknife frequencies>50%. B, single best fit cladogram under implied weights (k = 3); numbers at nodes are G/C values>50%. Colours indicate clades: Euarthropoda (yellow), Hurdiidae (purple), Amplectobeluidae (blue), Anomalocarididae (green), and Tamisiocarididae sensu stricto (pink).
Figure 11 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 11. Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995) comb. nov. SAMA P54790a. Frontal appendage. A, B, photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: Cp5—Cp13, claw podomeres 5–13; ds, dorsal spine; En5–13, endites of claw podomeres 5– 13; sp, spinules. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 18. Unassigned Emu Bay Shale radiodont setal blades. A, B, SAMA P54822. Body flap and setal blades. A, SAMA P54822a. B, camera lucida drawing incorporating information from counterpart SAMA P54822b. C, SAMA P50287. D, SAMA P43611a in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 18. Unassigned Emu Bay Shale radiodont setal blades. A, B, SAMA P54822. Body flap and setal blades. A, SAMA P54822a. B, camera lucida drawing incorporating information from counterpart SAMA P54822b. C, SAMA P50287. D, SAMA P43611a. Scale bars: A, B, D = 10 mm; C = 5 mm.
Figure 14 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 14. Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995) comb. nov. oral cones. A, B, SAMA P57418. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, SAMA P55646a. D, SAMA P48195. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 16 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 16. Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995) comb. nov. oral cones. A, B, SAMA P55600. Deformed oral cone. A, SAMA P55600a. B, SAMA P55600b (light from upper right). C, SAMA P55650a. Detail of teeth (arrowheads) on inner margin of large and medium-sized plates. D, E, SAMA P55433. Smallest known oral cone. D, SAMA P55433a. E, SAMA P55433b. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm.
Figure 10 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 10. Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995) comb. nov. SAMA P48975a. Frontal appendage. A, B, photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, detail of BEn and En1. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1–9; En1–5, endites of claw podomeres 1–5; sp, spinules. Scale bars: A, B = 20 mm; C = 10 mm.
Figure 15 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 15. Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995) comb. nov. oral cones. A, SAMA P57415a. B, SAMA P47415b. C, D, SAMA P52881a. C, overview. D, detail of teeth (arrowheads) at inner margin of a large plate (arrowhead in C). Scale bars: A–C = 10 mm; D = 1 mm.
Figure 8 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 8. Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995) comb. nov. Holotype SAMA P40180a, b. Frontal appendage. A, overview of part. B, detail of distal end of appendage, including podomeres 12 and 13, and En11. C, camera lucida drawing (incorporating information from counterpart). D, overview of counterpart (flipped horizontally to facilitate comparison). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp2—Cp12, claw podomeres 2–12; ds, dorsal spine; En1–11, endites of claw podomeres 1–11; sp, spinules; ts, terminal spines on Cp13. Scale bars: A, C, D = 20 mm; B = 5 mm.
Figure 3 in The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics
Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm.
Data from: Fractal characteristics of shale pore structure and its influence on seepage flow
<p>The migration law of shale gas has a significant influence on the seepage characteristics of shale, and the flow of the gas is closely related to the pore structure. To explore the influence of shale pore parameters on permeability in different diffusion zones, the pore structure of the shale in the Niutitang Formation in Guizhou, China, was analyzed based on liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The relationship among fractal dimension, organic carbon content (TOC), and BET specific surface area was analyzed based on the fractal dimension of shale pores calculated using the Frenkel‒Halsey‒Hill model. Shale permeability was calculated using the Knudsen number and permeability equation, and the influence of the fractal dimension and porosity in different diffusion zones on shale permeability was analyzed. Previous studies have shown that: (1) the pores of shale in the Niutitang Formation, Guizhou are mainly distributed within 1‒100 nm, with a small total pore volume per unit mass, average pore diameter, large BET specific surface area, and porosity; (2) fractal dimension has a negative correlation with average pore diameter and TOC content and a quadratic relationship with BET specific surface area; (3) permeability has a positive correlation with Kn, porosity, and fractal dimension. In the transitional diffusion zone, fractal dimension and porosity have a significant impact on permeability. In the Knudsen diffusion zone, porosity has no obvious effect on permeability. The methodologies and results presented will enable more accurate characterization of the complexity of pore structures of porous media, and allow further understanding of the seepage law of shale gas.</p>
An Ordovician to Silurian graptolite specimen image dataset for global correlation and shale gas exploration
<p>A unique high-resolution image dataset consists of key graptolite species used for dating rocks, global correlation, and “gold caliper” for locating shale gas favourable exploration beds (FEBs) in China.</p> <p>All images were taken from 1,550 carefully curated graptolite specimens, taxonomically belong to 113 graptolite species or subspecies. These specimens were collected from 154 representative geological sections of the Ordovician to Silurian sediments of China and published in 1958-2020. All specimens are housed at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Detailed scientific information of every piece of fossil specimen is given in the attached spreadsheet file.</p> <p>My working group spent over two years to complete photographing every specimen using a single-lens reflex camera Nikon D800E with Nikkor 60 mm macro-lens and Leica M125 and M205C microscopes equipped with Leica cameras. Every image is well focused and better shows the morphology of graptolite bodies.</p> <p>In total, we took 40,597 images, including 20,644 camera photos (each with a resolution of 4,912 × 7,360) and 19,953 microscope photos (each with a resolution of 2,720 × 2,048). Photos of low contrast or bad focus were removed from the whole collection. We only kept and selected the photos that show the visual morphology of every specimen and the diagnostic character of each graptolite species that the specimens represent. We selected one image for each specimen as the present final dataset, uploaded to and stored in our cloud server.</p> <p>We incorporated revision suggestions from distinguished palaeontologists to generate the ground-truth labels, providing a taxonomical authority of the dataset. The dataset potentially contributes to a range of scientific activities and provides 1) easy access to high-resolution images of 2951 specimens of 113 graptolite species for teaching and training in palaeontology and geologic survey; 2) Global bio-stratigraphic correlation using graptolites, especially with those bio-zone species; 3) A standard fossil specimen image dataset used in shale gas industry to improve exploration efficiency, and 4) The potential aid of developing image-based automated classification model.</p> <p>Every specimen has two photos, one is original, another shows specimen with a scale bar. Occasionally in some large image the scale bar is embedded and beside the fossil specimen. Example: The file name: ‘9721Cardiograptus_amplus_S.jpg’, ‘9721’ is the specimens number, ‘Cardiograptus_amplus’ means species name is ‘Cardiograptus amplus’, with ‘_S’ means it is a photo with scale bar. In all scale bar, the minimum unit is millimeter.</p> <p>Author and contact:</p> <p>Hong-He Xu</p> <p>Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</p> <p>39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008</p> <p>China</p> <p>E-mail: hhxu@nigpas.ac.cn</p>
Dataset for the manuscript of the "Permeability evolution of methane and water vapor when simultaneously transporting in shale"
<p>Dataset for the manuscript of the "Permeability evolution of methane and water vapor when simultaneously transporting in shale"</p>
Dataset for "Emerging tremors and increasing seismic noise precede micro-earthquakes triggered in a fluid-activated shale fault slip experiment (2015, Mt Terri URL, Switzerland)"
<p>This dataset contains the raw data of the injection experiment, performed in the Mt Terri Underground Platform in 2015 and used in the article:</p> <p><strong>De Barros, L., </strong>Guglielmi, Y., F. Cappa, C. Nussbaum, J. Birkholzer, 2023. Induced microseismicity and tremor signatures illuminate different slip behaviors in a natural shale fault reactivated by a fluid pressure stimulation (Mont Terri), <em>Geophysical Journal International</em>, 10.1093/gji/ggad231<br> <br> From a horizontal gallery, three vertical boreholes allowed the deployment of an injection probe (called SIMFIP; Guglielmi et al., 2014) and the monitoring sensors in the upper compartment of a N50°-60°SE fault zone. The 2.4 m long injection chamber of the SIMFIP probe was centered at 340.6 m depth, where a 3D displacement sensor was anchored on the borehole walls. A second SIMFIP probe is located 3.1 m northwest of the injection at a depth of 337.65 m, with another deformation sensor. Both deformation sensors measured the full strain tensor thanks to a Bragg optic fiber network, jointly with a fluid pressure sensor. A third borehole, located 2 m north of the monitoring probe, was dedicated to seismic monitoring. Two sets of collocated sensors, composed of a vertical geophone, a 3C accelerometer and an acoustic sensor, were positioned 9 m apart, above and below the main fault zone. These seismic sensors have a flat response in the ranges 0.01-0.5 kHz, 0.01-4 kHz and 0.5-10 kHz, respectively. Finally, the flowrate and pressure were also measured at the injection pump, located in the gallery.<br> For more details on the injection, we refer the reader to:<br> • Jeanne, P., Guglielmi, Y., Rutqvist, J., Nussbaum, C., Birkholzer, J., 2018. Permeability Variations Associated With Fault Reactivation in a Claystone Formation Investigated by Field Experiments and Numerical Simulations. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 123, 1694–1710. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB015149<br> • Guglielmi, Y., Nussbaum, C., Cappa, F., De Barros, L., Rutqvist, J., Birkholzer, J., 2021. Field-scale fault reactivation experiments by fluid injection highlight aseismic leakage in caprock analogs: Implications for CO2 sequestration. Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control 111, 103471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103471<br> • Guglielmi, Y., Nussbaum, C., Jeanne, P., Rutqvist, J., Cappa, F., Birkholzer, J., 2020. Complexity of Fault Rupture and Fluid Leakage in Shale: Insights From a Controlled Fault Activation Experiment. J.Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 125, e2019JB017781. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017781<br> • Guglielmi, Y., Cappa, F., Lançon, H., Janowczyk, J.B., Rutqvist, J., Tsang, C.F., Wang, J.S.Y., 2014. ISRM Suggested Method for Step-Rate Injection Method for Fracture In-Situ Properties (SIMFIP): Using a 3-Components Borehole Deformation Sensor. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 47, 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0517-1</p>
Utilization of Crude Coconut Oil as an Oil Base Mud to Overcome Differential Pipe Sticking in Drilling Processes when Penetrating Shale Formation
<p>This material has presented on 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology in October 25, 2023.</p>
The earthquake catalog in the Changning shale gas field based on dense array
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: New information on Titanichthys (Placodermi: Arthrodira) from the Cleveland shale (upper devonian) of Ohio, USA
The placoderm (Titanichthys) from the Late Devonian (Famennian) is based on incomplete and fragmentary specimens that have hindered understanding of its overall anatomy and phylogenetic relationships. A new, nearly complete, articulated specimen from the Upper Devonian Cleveland Shale provides new information about the previously undescribed rostral, postmarginal, postsuborbital, submarginal, posterior superognathal plates, and the nasal capsule. A revised diagnosis is provided for the genus. Three new diagnostic characters are identified including a transversely elliptical rostral plate that does not contact adjacent plates, a reduced posterior superognathal, and a median dorsal plate that inserts into the posterior dorsal lateral plate. The first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of (Titanichthys) indicates that the genus is a basal aspinothoracid arthrodire closely related to the enigmatic taxa (Bungartius) and (Tafilalichthys).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.