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Figure 12 in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 12. Cyphophthalmus minutus (Kratochvíl) (neotype except B, F – topotype). A, male dorsum; B, female dorsum; C, dorsum granulation (fifth to ninth tergite); D, detail of granulation (convex tubercles) at the border of eighth to ninth tergite; E, terminal posterior part of the male dorsum with pores of anal glands; F, dorsum, frontal view.

Figure 11 in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 11. Cyphophthalmus minutus (Kratochvíl) (neotype except C – topotype). A, spermatopositor, dorsal view; B, male ventral prosomal complex; C, female ventral prosomal complex; D, basitarsus and telotarsus of leg I; E, basitarsus and telotarsus of leg IV; F, tibia and tarsus of pedipalp; G, chelicera; H, adenostyle. Scale bars: A, H = 100 Mm; B–G = 400 Mm.

Figure 14 in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 14. Cyphophthalmus gordani sp. nov. (holotype except B, F – female paratype). A, male dorsum; B, female dorsum; C, dorsum granulation (fifth to ninth tergite); D, detail of granulation (convex tubercles) at the border of eighth to ninth tergite; E, terminal posterior part of the male dorsum with pores of anal glands; F, dorsum, frontal view.

Figure 35. A in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 35. A, geographical distribution of the three phylogenetic lines of the genus Cyphophthalmus (signs often cover more than one locality); B, distribution of presented species in south-eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula.

Figure 34 in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 34. Cyphophthalmus hlavaci sp. nov. (paratypes from Bast). A, male dorsum; B, female dorsum; C, dorsum granulation (fifth to ninth tergite); D, detail of granulation (convex tubercles) at the border of eighth to ninth tergite; E, terminal posterior part of the male dorsum with pores of anal glands; F, dorsum, frontal view.

Figure 6 in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 6. Detail of integument ornamentation of the third opisthosomal segment, dorsal. A, Cyphophthalmus corfuanus (Kratochvíl); B, Cyphophthalmus zetae sp. nov.; C, Cyphophthalmus martensi sp. nov.; D, Cyphophthalmus beschkovi (Mitov); E, Cyphophthalmus sp. (Cave, Mt. Biokovo, Dalmatia); F, Cyphophthalmus noctiphilus (Kratochvíl).

Figure 5 in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 5. Distal portion of ovipositor (left terminal lobe excluded), ventral view. A, Cyphophthalmus minutus (Kratochvíl) topotype; B, Cyphophthalmus gordani sp. nov.; C, Cyphophthalmus neretvanus sp. nov.; D, Cyphophthalmus trebinjanus sp. nov.; E, Cyphophthalmus ognjenovici sp. nov.; F, Cyphophthalmus rumijae sp. nov.; G, Cyphophthalmus martensi sp. nov. Circles represent insertion of ventral setae; x represent insertion of dorsal setae. Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 4 in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 4. Distal portion of ovipositor (left terminal lobe excluded), ventral view. A, Cyphophthalmus gjorgjevici (Hadži), (Rašće, Macedonia); B, Cyphophthalmus paragamiani sp. nov.; C, Cyphophthalmus thracicus sp. nov.; D, Cyphophthalmus cf. thracicus (Evros, Greece); E, Cyphophthalmus corfuanus (Kratochvíl) (Corfu); F, Cyphophthalmus zetae sp. nov.; G, Cyphophthalmus hlavaci sp. nov. Circles represent insertion of ventral setae; x represent insertion of dorsal setae. Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 7 in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 7. Cyphophthalmus paragamiani sp. nov. (holotype). A, spermatopositor (dorsal view); B, ventral prosomal complex; C, basitarsus and telotarsus of leg I; D, basitarsus and telotarsus of leg IV; E, tibia and tarsus of pedipalp; F, chelicera; G, adenostyle. Scale bars: A, G = 100 Mm; B–F = 400 Mm.

Figure 3. Male anal regions. A–B in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 3. Male anal regions. A–B, Cyphophthalmus corfuanus (Kratochvíl); C, Cyphophthalmus serbicus (Hadži); D, Cyphophthalmus ere Karaman; E, Cyphophthalmus ognjenovici sp. nov.; F, Cyphophthalmus duricorius Joseph.

Figure 1. A, C in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 1. A, C, Siro exilis Hoffman, 1963 (West Virginia, Summers County). A, spermatopositor, dorsal view; C, ventral prosomal complex. B, D, Cyphophthalmus teyrovskyi (Kratochvíl, 1938). B, spermatopositor, dorsal view; D, ventral prosomal complex. Not to scale.

Figure 2. A–B, spiracles. A in The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species

Figure 2. A–B, spiracles. A, Siro exilis Hoffman (West Virginia, Summers County), light micoscopy microphotograph; B, Cyphophthalmus hlavaci sp. nov., scanning electron micrograph. C–D, outlet ducts and pores of anal glands. C, S. exilis Hoffman (West Virginia, Summers County); D, Cyphophthalmus serbicus (Hadži). E–F, spermatopositor movable fingers (digiti mobiles). E, Cyphophthalmus cf. zetae sp. nov. (Manastir Morača, Montenegro); F, Cyphophthalmus gordani sp. nov. Not to scale.

Figure 6 in The taxonomic status of some Atlanto-Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence

Figure 6. Tentacle rods of six specimens from Holothuria mammata – clade 1 (A, B) and Holothuria tubulosa – clade 2 (C, D, E, F). Scale bars = 100 Mm (A–F). The number on the upper left-hand side of each image represents the individual number in accordance with Table 1.

Figure 5 in The taxonomic status of some Atlanto-Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence

Figure 5. Main variables selected by the stepwise discriminant function analysis to distinguish clade 1 – Holothuria mammata (upper box, dark grey colour), clade 2 – Holothuria tubulosa (middle box, clear grey colour), and clade 3 – Holothuria dakarensis (bottom box, white colour). A–F, variables that characterize function 1. G–H, variables that characterize function 2. The centre lines of the boxes mark the median value, the hinges the lower and upper quartiles, respectively, and the whiskers the range of data between values smaller/greater than the lower/upper quartile minus/plus 1.5 times the interquartile range; asterisks represent outliers (data values outside of this range); and squares represent unusually small or large values outside of the outer fences.

Figure 1 in The taxonomic status of some Atlanto-Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence

Figure 1. Collection localities: Mediterranean Sea: T, Tunisia; P, Cabo de Palos; U, Aguilas. Atlantic Ocean: C, Canary Islands; A, Algarve; Z, Azores Islands; V, Cape Verde Islands, G, Gulf of Mexico.

Figure 2. A in The taxonomic status of some Atlanto-Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence

Figure 2. A, maximum parsimony (MP) tree obtained from 16S mtDNA sequences (215 steps; consistency index = 0.856, retention index = 0.896, homoplasy index = 0.144), numbers on branches represent per cent bootstrap support values of 1000 replicates from MP/neighbour-joining analyses. B, optimal maximum likelihood tree obtained from 16S mtDNA sequences (–ln likelihood = 1493.80208), numbers on branches represent per cent bootstrap support values of 500 replicates. In both figure parts, labels of operational taxonomic units indicate the preliminary species identified (m, Holothuria mammata; t, Holothuria tubulosa; st, Holothuria stellati; d, Holothuria dakarensis) and the locality. After these, the clade (1–3) and the name of the species are provided.

Figure 3 in Assessing the taxonomic status of tropical frogs through bioacoustics: geographical variation in the advertisement calls in the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Anura)

Figure 3. Discriminant function analyses of the number of pulses, call length, and dominant frequency of species belonging to the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group. Ellipses only intend to facilitate the observation of groups. BV, Eleutherodactylus cf. cruralis from the Bellavista Mountains; EC, Eleutherodactylus cruralis; ED, Eleutherodactylus discoidalis; EI, Eleutherodactylus ibischi; HO, Eleutherodactylus cf. cruralis from La Hoyada; EM, Eleutherodactylus madidi.

Figure 2 in Assessing the taxonomic status of tropical frogs through bioacoustics: geographical variation in the advertisement calls in the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Anura)

Figure 2. Oscillogram and sound spectrogram of the advertisement call of: (A) Eleutherodactylus cruralis from Rurrenabaque, Amazonian rainforest; (B) E. cf. cruralis from Bellavista Mountains; (C) E. cf. cruralis from La Hoyada; (D) Eleutherodactylus discoidalis from Campos de Pinos; (E) Eleutherodactylus ibischi from Samaipata Road; (F) Eleutherodactylus madidi from Eslabón.

Figure 4 in Assessing the taxonomic status of tropical frogs through bioacoustics: geographical variation in the advertisement calls in the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Anura)

Figure 4. Scatterplot for (A) number of pulses and call length, (B) dominant frequency and number of pulses, and (C) dominant frequency and call length of species and populations of the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group. Lines correspond to normally distributed probability ellipses (0.99, N = 194). BV, Eleutherodactylus cf. cruralis from the Bellavista Mountains; EC, Eleutherodactylus cruralis; ED, Eleutherodactylus discoidalis; EI, Eleutherodactylus ibischi; HO, Eleutherodactylus cf. cruralis from La Hoyada; EM, Eleutherodactylus madidi.

Figure 1 in Assessing the taxonomic status of tropical frogs through bioacoustics: geographical variation in the advertisement calls in the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Anura)

Figure 1. Map of the Andes of Bolivia showing the studied localities (see also Table 1). 1, Eslabón; 2, Chalalán; 3, Rurrenabaque; 4, Chapare, 500 m; 5, Mataracú; 6, La Hoyada; 7, Samaipata road; 8, Bellavista Mt; 9, Masicurí; 10, Campos de Pinos.