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Figure 3 in Histological study of the jaw teeth in the Devonian actinopterygian †Cheirolepis canadensis (Whiteaves)
Figure 3. – Thin sections in a jaw of †Cheirolepis canadensis (MHNM 05-340) observed in transmitted natural light. A: Longitudinal ground section of fragment a (see Fig. 1A) showing the two series of teeth: the larger ones (= the fangs) (*), located lingually, and the smaller ones (arrowheads), located labially. Scale bar = 200 μm. B: Section of fragment b showing an axial section of a fang. The arrowhead points to the dentine ankylosed on bone. Scale bar = 50 μm. C-D: Two cross-sections showing details of the larger teeth at different levels. C: The wall of the tooth pulp cavity is crossed by vascular spaces. Scale bar = 50 μm. D: The walls of the pulp cavity are irregular. Scale bar = 50 μm. E: Detail of a large tooth and two small teeth. The section crosses the teeth halfway between their base and their tip. Scale bar = 25 μm. F: Detail of the contact of a tooth with the supporting bone. One can see the odontoblastic canaliculi of the orthodentine. The arrow points to an osteocyte lacuna. Scale bar = 25 μm. G: Cross section of a small tooth showing the odontoblastic canaliculi of the orthodentine. Scale bar = 25 μm; inset: detail of the odontoblastic canaliculi. Abbreviations: ac = acrodine; bo = bone; de = dentine; pc = pulp cavity; vc = vascular cavity.
Figure 2 in Histological study of the jaw teeth in the Devonian actinopterygian †Cheirolepis canadensis (Whiteaves)
Figure 2. – Fossil material of †Cheirolepis canadensis (MHNM 05-340) examined in the present study. A: General view. The three vertical lines indicate the sections of the jaw to obtain four parts: a-b-c-d. The black arrow points to the large tooth of Fig. 1B and the arrowhead to the tooth of Fig. 1C. Scale bar = 1 mm. B: View of the posterior part of the jaw (see fig.1A) showing the small teeth and a "fang" (arrow). Scale bar = 500 μm. C: External view of a large tooth showing the apical cap of acrodine (arrow). Scale bar = 250 μm.
Figure 1 in Some histological data on bone and teeth in the grey notothen (Lepidonotothen squamifrons) and in the mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) (Notothenioidei; Perciformes; Teleostei)
Figure 1. – Lepidonotothen squamifrons (227 mm SL). Cross section of the dental (APS-Groat-PIC). A: Bony tissue is deprived of osteocytes. Arrows point to vascular cavities. B: Detail of an erosive cavity showing active osteoclasts (arrowheads). The arrows point to osteoblastic canaliculi. C: Champsocephalus gunnari (150 mm SL) (AZAN). Bony tissue is deprived of osteocytes and osteoblastic canaliculi are seen (arrowheads). Scale bars: A = 250 μm; B, C = 25 μm.
Figure 5 in The detection of weakly developed plicidentine in teleost teeth using 3D tomography
Figure 5. - Dissostichus eleginoides (Nototheneidae); tomographic imaging of the anterior portion of the left premaxilla. A: Virtual model of the whole premaxilla (pmx) showing the external aspect of three caniniform teeth with external basal ridges (arrowheads); a fourth broken tooth shows ridges in the pulp cavity (white arrow); B: Virtual model of the premaxilla (bo) with axial section of the two widest caniniform teeth that show dentine folds in the pulp cavity (black arrowhead); folds are also shown in the broken tooth (white arrowhead); C: Virtual cross section in the tooth base at the level of the vascular aperture showing folds in the pulp cavity (white arrows); D: Virtual cross section, lightly above the previous level in C, showing dentine folds (white arrows) and external ridges (white arrowheads); the dentine core (de) of the tooth is perforated; E: Virtual axial section of the biggest tooth showing thin cavity and canals in the dentine (de); the tooth is covered by a thin enameloid layer; white arrowheads point to folds in the pulp cavity (pc). Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 2 mm; E = 1 mm.
Figure 2 in The detection of weakly developed plicidentine in teleost teeth using 3D tomography
Figure 2. - Tomographic imaging of the teeth of various teleostean taxa known to have plicidentine (see the text). A: Arapaima gigas (Arapaimatidae). Lingual dentary plate; the axially sectioned tooth (arrow) corresponds to figure 7 in Meunier et al. (2013); the tooth tip is covered by an enameloid cap (arrowheads); Inset: Virtual cross section of the base of several teeth at various levels, a number of which shows dentin folds in the pulp cavity (asterisks). B-D: Hoplias aimara (Hoplerythrinidae); right premaxilla; B: External view of a fang and a mid-sized caniniform tooth showing the basal ridges (asterisk) and the apical enameloid cap (arrow heads); C: Virtual axial section of the fang showing the folds in the pulp cavity (asterisk), the apical enameloid cap and the premaxillary bone; D: Virtual cross section of the fang (upper) and the mid-sized tooth (lower) showing regular primary folds (arrowheads) and external ridges (arrows); E-F: Lophius piscatorius (Lophiidae); tomographic image of anterior portion of the left palato-pterygoid; E: Basal ridges on the left external surface of a tooth (arrow head); on the right, pulp cavity of two teeth with obvious folds (white arrow). The black arrows point to the attachment bone (bo); F: Virtual cross section of the two teeth on the left on Fig. E; the folds are restricted to a part of the teeth. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, C, F = 2.5 mm; E = 5 mm.
The Antibacterial Effect of Nanosilver Fluoride on Primary Teeth
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05221749. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Ecological signal in the size and shape of marine amniote teeth – 3D models and landmarks
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Walrus teeth as biomonitors of trace elements in Arctic marine ecosystems
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Topographically distinct adaptive landscapes for teeth, skeletons, and size explain the adaptive radiation of Carnivora (Mammalia)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Armed to the teeth: Supplementary material, R code, Rdata, mesh, landmarks
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Loricarioid catfish evolved skin denticles that recapitulate teeth at the structural, developmental, and genetic levels (raw RNAseq reads)
<p>The first vertebrate mineralized skeleton was an external bony armor coated with dental structures. The subsequent emergence of a mineralized endoskeleton and of teeth are considered key innovations in the diversification of vertebrates. Although time clouds our understanding of the initial evolution of these mineralized structures, recent re-emergences may shed light on the underlying processes. Loricarioid catfishes are a lineage that, much like the ancestral vertebrates, bear denticle-clad bony armor from head to tail. Loricarioid denticles (LDs) and oral teeth are very similar in superstructure. We show here that other extra-oral dental structures are found as ancestral characters only in lineages that are distantly related to loricarioids such as sharks or coelacanth, indicating that LDs have independently re-emerged in loricarioid catfishes. We investigate whether the similarities between LDs and teeth extend to their developmental and genetic context, and how their development compares to that of other vertebrate integument structures. Our detailed study of the development of LDs, and gene expression analyses through in situ hybridization confirm that all 12 genes from the tooth-forming gene regulatory network (oGRN) are expressed in developing LDs in a similar way as they are expressed in developing teeth. We then compare the developmental, structural, and genetic aspects of LD and teeth with that of other integument appendages such as fish scales, shark dermal denticles, feathers and hairs. We find that LDs share all developmental cues with teeth and, to a lesser extent, with the other vertebrate integument structures. Taken together, our results indicate that denticles have re-emerged on the trunk of loricarioid catfishes through the ectopic co-option of the oGRN rather than the resurrection of an ancestral trunk-specific denticle genetic pathway.</p>
Why the long teeth? Morphometric analysis suggests different selective pressures on functional occlusal traits in Plio-Pleistocene African suids
<p>Neogene and Pleistocene African suids displayed convergent evolutionary trends in the third molar (M3) morphology, with increasingly elongated and higher crowns through time. While these features can prevent premature loss of masticatory functionality and potentially increase long-term reproductive success, changes in dental occlusal traits such as enamel complexity and thickness can also improve chewing efficiency and increase short-term energetic return. While both long-term and short-term benefits can contribute to the thriving of a lineage, the selective pressures associated with each category can be different. To examine how crown elongation correlates with these functional occlusal traits, we selected M3s of Kolpochoerus, Notochoerus, and Metridiochoerus from Kenya and South Africa, dated between 3.0 Ma and 0.4 Ma. To account for dental wear, we used micro-CT imaging of unworn/slightly worn M3s to simulate wear progression within each tooth. We compared morphometric representatives of occlusal enamel complexity and thickness among the specimens following their respective wear trajectories. We found that M3 elongation correlates with higher occlusal complexity and thinner enamel in Notochoerus and Metridiochoerus lineages through time. In Kolpochoerus, enamel complexity and thickness were generally maintained through time, despite M3 elongation. The differences in M3 morphometric trends suggest that Kolpochoerus likely experienced a different set of selective pressures on functional occlusal traits compared to Notochoerus and Metridiochoerus. The shared evolutionary trends of M3 specialization among Notochoerus and Metridiochoerus suggest similar selective pressures on their chewing efficiency and the possibility of a dietary niche overlap in more xeric habitats.</p>
Fig. 4 in First Deep-Sea Shark Fossil Teeth From The Miocene Of South Korea
Fig. 4. Life reconstruction of deep-water sharks lived in the East sea of
Extended-field synchrotron microtomography for non-destructive analysis of incremental lines in human teeth cementum: example data
<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Tooth cementum annulation (TCA) is used for determining age-at-death and stress periods based on yearly<br>deposited layers in the root cementum of human teeth. Traditionally, TCA analysis employs optical microscopy,<br>which requires cutting sections of the root and provides only sparse sampling in the third dimension. Ancient<br>teeth are often unique specimens that should not be damaged. In this imaging study, we show that extended-field<br>synchrotron radiation-based microtomography can be used to provide true micrometer resolution and full<br>coverage of the tooth for non-destructively surveying ancient teeth for incremental layers. To rapidly review the<br>root cementum layer of four teeth from an early 19th century cemetery with historical records of life events, we<br>developed a method for automatically enhancing incremental lines on virtual slices and for detecting regions with<br>strong incremental line appearances. Surveying large regions of the root cementum avoids missing high-contrast<br>incremental lines and hence improves TCA analysis as an alternative to irreversible slicing of the unique teeth.</p> <h3>Data</h3> <p>The repository contains the microtomography data from four teeth to enable reproducing Figures 6a,c,e,f in the associated publication, Tanner et al., "Extended-field synchrotron microtomography for non-destructive analysis of incremental lines in archeological human teeth cementum". Proceedings of SPIE 11840 (2021) 1184019. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595180" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1117/12.2595180</a>. Each dataset contains 57 tif slices around the selected slice selZ, i.e. selZ-28:selZ+28, as stated below.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Fig.</strong></td> <td><strong>Dataset</strong></td> <td><strong>Tooth</strong></td> <td><strong>selZ</strong></td> <td><strong>Slices</strong></td> <td><strong>sampleIdx</strong></td> <td><strong>hs</strong></td> <td><strong>Directory</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>6a</td> <td>tooth4_hs04_reco_selZ715.tar.gz</td> <td>T1</td> <td>715</td> <td>687:743</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>dataDir1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6c</td> <td>zahn_OKreC_probe1_hs02_reco_selZ1730.tar.gz</td> <td>T2</td> <td>1730</td> <td>1702:1758</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>dataDir2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6e</td> <td>zahn_probe1_hs04_reco_selZ275.tar.gz</td> <td>T3</td> <td>275</td> <td>247:303</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>DataDir2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6f</td> <td>zahn35_probe2_hs02_reco_selZ275.tar.gz</td> <td>T4</td> <td>275</td> <td>247:303</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>dataDir1</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3>Processing</h3> <p>Incremental teeth lines can be enhanced via the MATLAB programs available in the github repository <a href="https://github.com/unibas-bmc/enhanceIncrementalTeethLines">unibas-bmc/enhanceIncrementalTeethLines</a>.</p> <p>Please extract the data from <em>name</em>.tar.gz via unix command "tar -xzvf <em>name</em>.tar.gz" . Place the .tif files called reco_????.tif in directory "dataDir1" or "dataDir2" (see last column in table) using subdirectories based on the tooth name and heightstep, e.g. "tooth4_hs04/reco/" for dataset "tooth4_hs04_reco_selZ715.tar.gz". Then set the "sampleIdx" and "hs" parameter in "dataParameterDefinitionTeeth.m" as stated in the table above. Finally run "extractCementumPatchesEnhanceIL.m" to process the data.</p> <h3>Note</h3> <p>We are grateful for beamtime access at the Synchrotron SOLEIL, ANATOMIX beamline (experiment no. 20200712). ANATOMIX is an Equipment of Excellence (EQUIPEX) funded by the Investments for the Future program of the French National Research Agency (ANR), project NanoimagesX, grant no. ANR-11-EQPX-0031. </p> <p>We also thank the Citizen Science Project BBS “Bürgerforschungsprojekt Basel-Spitalfriedhof” for their time-consuming voluntary research regarding the historical sources of the samples.</p>
Figure S1 Surgical extraction of supernumerary teeth under sedation and analgesia, and a periapical radiograph 2 weeks later.
<p>Figure S1 Surgical extraction of supernumerary teeth under sedation and analgesia, and a periapical radiograph 2 weeks later.</p>
Fig. 3 in Velociraptorine dromaeosaurid teeth from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Germany
Fig. 3. Sketch of crown− and crown−base−measurements (modified after Smith et al. 2005).
Table 1 in Pterosaur teeth from the Southern Neuquén Basin (Patagonia, Argentina): New insights on the reconstruction of ornithocheiriform dental anatomy
<p>Table 1. Most inclusive morphological characterization of the Cerro de Los Leones teeth, divided in three morphotypes.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Crown curvature</th><th>Cross-section shape</th><th>Carinae</th><th>Teeth</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Morphotype 1</th><td>more lingual than distal</td><td>subcircular</td><td>absent</td><td>MCF-PVPH-879-4, 879-6, 879-8, 879-10</td></tr><tr><th>Morphotype 2</th><td>more lingual than distal</td><td>elliptical</td><td>present</td><td>MCF-PVPH-739-2, 743, 879-9, 880-1, 880-2, 880-3, 880-4</td></tr><tr><th>Morphotype 3</th><td>more distal than lingual</td><td>oval</td><td>absent</td><td>MCF-PVPH-741, 875, 879-1, 879-2, 879-3, 879-5, 978-7, 879-11, 880-5</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 in Pterosaur teeth from the Southern Neuquén Basin (Patagonia, Argentina): New insights on the reconstruction of ornithocheiriform dental anatomy
<p>Table 2. Morphological characterization of ornithocheiriform dentition to aid identification of isolated teeth, where each morphotype is assigned to a mouth area.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Crown curvature</th><th>Cross-section shape</th><th>Position</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Morphotype 1</th><td>more lingual than distal</td><td>subcircular</td><td>“rosette”</td></tr><tr><th>Morphotype 2</th><td>more lingual than distal</td><td>elliptical</td><td>post-“rosette”</td></tr><tr><th>Morphotype 3</th><td>more distal than lingual</td><td>oval</td><td>posterior</td></tr></tbody></table>
A fifteen-tile tomographic micro-CT dataset of a panel painting "Cadmus sowing dragon's teeth" 2/3
<p><strong>Summary</strong><br> This submission contains a fifteen-tile tomographic dataset of a panel painting and 15 postprocessed images used for dendrochronological measurements (see related datasets).The data is made available as part of [Domínguez-Delmás et al., 2021].</p> <p><strong>Apparatus</strong><br> The dataset is acquired using the custom-built and highly flexible CT scanner, FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. This apparatus consists of a cone-beam microfocus X-ray point source that projects polychromatic X-rays onto a 1944-by-1536 pixels, 14-bit, flat detector panel. Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].<br> <br> <strong>Sample Information</strong><br> The sample is panel painting Cadmus Sowing dragon's teeth. H 26.2cm x w 42.3cm [Rijksmuseum inventory number SK-A-4051, https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-4051]. It was mounted on a foam base on the rotation stage, see [Domínguez-Delmás et al., 2021] for images.</p> <p><br> <strong>Experimental Plan</strong><br> The data in this submission was collected to facilitate measurements of the tree rings (dendrochronological research) in a cross-section. The panel was mounted in such a way that the desired cross section would be obtained in the vertical direction. A section of a few cm wide along the entire height was imaged slightly off centre of the painting, to avoid metal nails that had showed up in several projections. In total 15 tiled CT scans were collected, moving source and detector vertically by the same distance. Each tile consisted of 1600 projections, each an average of 2 projections with 300ms acquisition time. We used tube settings 70 kV, 70 mA and a 0.1 cm thickness copper filter. Dark-field (closed-shutter), and 2 flat-field (open-shutter) images were taken for each tile after the acquisition with 100 averaged images of 300 ms acquisition time. Reconstructed image resolution was 37 µm.<br> All raw data (i.e. no corrections) is made available in .tif format. Postprocessing steps are described in the supplementary material of [Domínguez-Delmás et al., 2021].<br> <br> <strong>List of Contents</strong><br> The content of the submission is divided in three datasets, with in total 16 subfolders: Images, containing the 15 postprocessed images used for dendrochronological measurements and Tile1-Tile15, each containing the data from one of the tiled scans.<br> Each data folder contains:</p> <ul> <li>dark-field (or closed-shutter) image, di000000.tif,</li> <li>flat-field (or open-shutter) image after acquisition, io000000.tif,</li> <li>raw (unprocessed or uncorrected) projections, scan_*.tif,</li> <li>data settings XRE.txt, a text file with scanner metadata,</li> <li>metadata.toml, a text file with a summary of the scanner metadata</li> </ul> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong><br> These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI). For any relevant Python/MATLAB scripts for the FleX-ray datasets, we refer the reader to our group's GitHub page.</p> <p><strong>Contact Details</strong><br> For more information or guidance in using these datasets, please get in touch with</p> <ul> <li>bossema [at] cwi.nl</li> </ul> <p> <br> <strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> We thank Petria Noble for providing us with the opportunity to scan this interesting object. We thank Erma Hermens , Moorea Hall-Aquitania and Marta Domínguez Delmás for bringing the object and research questions to our attention and inviting our collaboration on this research project.<br> The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project numbers 341-60-001, 639.073.506 and 628.007.033 and Netherlands Institute for Conservation, Art and Science (NICAS).</p>
A fifteen-tile tomographic micro-CT dataset of a panel painting "Cadmus sowing dragon's teeth" 1/3
<p><strong>Summary</strong><br> This submission contains a fifteen-tile tomographic dataset of a panel painting and 15 postprocessed images used for dendrochronological measurements (see related datasets).The data is made available as part of [Domínguez-Delmás et al., 2021].</p> <p><strong>Apparatus</strong><br> The dataset is acquired using the custom-built and highly flexible CT scanner, FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. This apparatus consists of a cone-beam microfocus X-ray point source that projects polychromatic X-rays onto a 1944-by-1536 pixels, 14-bit, flat detector panel. Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].<br> <br> <strong>Sample Information</strong><br> The sample is panel painting Cadmus Sowing dragon's teeth. H 26.2cm x w 42.3cm [Rijksmuseum inventory number SK-A-4051, https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-4051]. It was mounted on a foam base on the rotation stage, see [Domínguez-Delmás et al., 2021] for images.</p> <p><br> <strong>Experimental Plan</strong><br> The data in this submission was collected to facilitate measurements of the tree rings (dendrochronological research) in a cross-section. The panel was mounted in such a way that the desired cross section would be obtained in the vertical direction. A section of a few cm wide along the entire height was imaged slightly off centre of the painting, to avoid metal nails that had showed up in several projections. In total 15 tiled CT scans were collected, moving source and detector vertically by the same distance. Each tile consisted of 1600 projections, each an average of 2 projections with 300ms acquisition time. We used tube settings 70 kV, 70 mA and a 0.1 cm thickness copper filter. Dark-field (closed-shutter), and 2 flat-field (open-shutter) images were taken for each tile after the acquisition with 100 averaged images of 300 ms acquisition time. Reconstructed image resolution was 37 µm.<br> All raw data (i.e. no corrections) is made available in .tif format. Postprocessing steps are described in the supplementary material of [Domínguez-Delmás et al., 2021].<br> <br> <strong>List of Contents</strong><br> The content of the submission is divided in three datasets, with in total 16 subfolders: Images, containing the 15 postprocessed images used for dendrochronological measurements and Tile1-Tile15, each containing the data from one of the tiled scans.<br> Each data folder contains:</p> <ul> <li>dark-field (or closed-shutter) image, di000000.tif,</li> <li>flat-field (or open-shutter) image after acquisition, io000000.tif,</li> <li>raw (unprocessed or uncorrected) projections, scan_*.tif,</li> <li>data settings XRE.txt, a text file with scanner metadata,</li> <li>metadata.toml, a text file with a summary of the scanner metadata</li> </ul> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong><br> These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI). For any relevant Python/MATLAB scripts for the FleX-ray datasets, we refer the reader to our group's GitHub page.</p> <p><strong>Contact Details</strong><br> For more information or guidance in using these datasets, please get in touch with</p> <ul> <li>bossema [at] cwi.nl</li> </ul> <p> <br> <strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> We thank Petria Noble for providing us with the opportunity to scan this interesting object. We thank Erma Hermens , Moorea Hall-Aquitania and Marta Domínguez Delmás for bringing the object and research questions to our attention and inviting our collaboration on this research project.<br> The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project numbers 341-60-001, 639.073.506 and 628.007.033 and Netherlands Institute for Conservation, Art and Science (NICAS).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.