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FIGURE 11 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 11. Mucronotus gen. nov., ventral portion of head, prosternum and mesoventrite. A) M. schwabei (Pic); B) M. velutina (Solier).
FIGURE 9 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 9. Solierodes rousseli (Solier), female. A) genital tract; B) coxites, close-up; C) bursal sclerite; D) abdominal ventrites 4 & 5, setal patch visible. Abbreviations: as—apical setae, bscl—bursal sclerite, bsl—bursella, gla—gland, sen—sensillae, st—styli. Scale bar = 1.0 mm (figures B, C, D—not to the scale).
FIGURE 4. Wings. A in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 4. Wings. A) Argelodes magnificus sp. nov.; B) Solierodes rousseli (Solier); C) Mucronotus velutinus (Solier). Abbreviations: AA—anterior anal vein, AP—posterior anal vein, CuA—anterior cubital vein, CuA+AA1+2—fusion of anterior cubital and anterior anal veins, MP—posterior medial vein, r3—third radial cross-vein, RA—anterior radial vein, rp-mp2—second radio-medial cross-vein, ScP—posterior subcostal vein.
FIGURE 14 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 14. Mucronotus enigmaticus sp. nov., male. A) terminal segments and genitalia; B) penis; C) tegmen; D) sternite VIII; E) sternite IX; F) tergite VIII; G) tergite IX. Abbreviations: bl—basal lobe (of trigonium), lp—lateral process, pm—paramere, pmd—parameroid, tgp—process of trigonium, vpl—ventral processes of tegmen. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 19 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 19. Mucronotus valdivianus sp. nov., male. A) penis; B) tegmen; C) sternite VIII, D) sternite IX; E) tergite VIII; F) tergite IX. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 3. Argelodes magnificus sp. nov., mouthparts. A) mandible, molar region enlarged; B) labium; C) maxilla; D) maxilla, galea and lacinia enlarged.
FIGURE 2. Ventral view, SEM images. A in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 2. Ventral view, SEM images. A) Argelodes magnificus sp. nov.; B) Solierodes rousseli (Solier).
FIGURE 18 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 18. Mucronotus schwabei (Pic), female. A) genital tract; B) bursal sclerite. Abbreviations: bscl—bursal sclerite, bsl—bursella, gla—gland. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B).
FIGURE 22 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 22. Mucronotus velutinus (Solier), female genitalia (gla—gland, bscl—bursal sclerite, bsl—bursella). A) genital tract; B) gland and bursella; C) bursal sclerite; D) bursellar membrane, close-up; E) glandular membrane, close-up. Abbreviations: bscl—bursal sclerite, bsl—bursella, cr—cuticular rings, gla—gland. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C), figures D and E not to the scale.
FIGURE 5 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 5. Argelodes magnificus sp. nov., male. A) penis; B) tegmen; C) sternite VIII; D) sternite IX; E) tergite VIII; F) tergite IX. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 8. Solierodes rousseli (Solier), male. A) penis; B) tegmen; C) sternite VIII; D) sternite IX; E) tergite VIII; F) tergite IX. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 7. Solierodes rousseli (Solier), mouthparts. A) mandible, molar region enlarged; B) labium; C) maxilla.
FIGURE 10. Mucronotus gen. nov., dorsal view. A in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 10. Mucronotus gen. nov., dorsal view. A) M. enigmaticus sp. nov., male; B) M. enigmaticus, female; C) M. patagonicus sp. nov., male; D) M. schwabei (Pic), male; E) M. schwabei (Pic), female; F) M. valdivianus sp. nov., male; G) M. valdivianus sp. nov., female; H) M. velutina (Solier), male; I) M. velutina (Solier), female. Scale bar = 2.0 mm
FIGURE 6. Labels. A in Three new genera of large marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern South America
FIGURE 6. Labels. A) Solierodes rousseli (Solier), lectotype; B) Mucronotus schwabei (Pic), lectotype; C) M. schwabei (Pic), paralectotype; D) M. schwabei (Pic), paralectotype.
Open forest successional stages and landscape heterogeneity promote wild bee diversity in temperate forests
<p>Recent studies have emphasized forests as crucial habitat for wild bees. In Europe, most forests are managed following the principles of close‐to‐nature silviculture, which combine timber production and nature conservation. However, open late and early successional stages within these forests are largely missing, which could be important for wild bees. This highlights that close‐to‐nature silviculture alone might not be sufficient to conserve bees within temperate forests. Open structures such as canopy gaps and road verges in forests could improve habitat for bees. To provide management recommendations for wild bee conservation in temperate forests, we analyzed how components of bee beta diversity varied between forest management types and tested how open structures, namely clear‐cuts, canopy gaps, and forest road verges influenced bee abundance, richness, and diversity. In addition, we analyzed the abundance and percent of red‐listed bee species at different scales. Bees were sampled using 90 pan traps on 45 (1 ha) plots in 2019 and 2020 in the Black Forest, Germany. Plots were selected in 15 triplets each consisting of three management types related to different successional stages: unmanaged, close‐to‐nature, and small clear‐cut. Beta diversity was not consistently nested highlighting the importance of different management and successional stages within the landscape to support bees in forests. Abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity of bees were highest on clear‐cuts, compared to unmanaged‐ and close‐to‐nature plots. At landscape scale, wild bee abundance increased with canopy openness while wild bee diversity increased with landscape heterogeneity. Abundance‐ and percent of red‐listed bee species increased with the length of forest road verges. We advocate creating habitats at local scales which offer flowering and nesting resources by providing canopy gaps. At landscape scale, heterogeneity created through different forest successional stages is needed to conserve the entire community of wild bees.</p>
Understory plant removal counteracts tree thinning effect on soil respiration in a temperate forest
<p><span>Elucidating the response mechanism of soil respiration (Rs) to silvicultural practices is pivotal to evaluating the effects of management practices on soil carbon cycling in planted forest ecosystems. </span><span>However, as common management practices, how thinning, understory plant removal, and their interactions affect Rs and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components (Ra and Rh) remains unclear</span><span>. Therefore, we investigated Rs, Ra and Rh by the trenching method from 2011 to 2015 in a Pinus tabuliformis plantation in northern China, subjecting to four treatments [intact control plots (CK), thinning (T), understory removal (UR), and thinning with understory removal (TUR)].</span><span> Mean annual Rs was significantly increased by thinning (by 15.3%), whereas decreased by UR (by 17.4%), compared with CK. These variations in Rs were mainly attributed to changes in Ra. The increments of Ra were caused by the enhanced growth of fine root biomass after thinning. However, UR led to lower Ra compared with CK (P < 0.05), indicating that understory growth is inadequate to compensate for the decreased respiring root biomass induced by understory removal. Rs was unchanged between TUR and the intact control plot due to the opposite effects of thinning and UR on the Ra. Changes in Rh exhibited no significant differences among the treatments, partly because of the stable microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and forest floor mass (litter and fine woody debris). No interaction effect between thinning and understory removal was detected on Rs, Ra and Rh. The lowest temperature sensitivity (Q10) value of Ra was found in CK. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating understory plant effects on soil CO2 efflux in assessing forest management practices on soil carbon cycling.</span></p>
Data from: Soil arthropod communities associated with Berberis thunbergii invasion in a temperate deciduous forest harbor more detritivores
<ol> <li><span>Barberry (<em>Berberis</em> <em>thunbergii</em>) is a widely established invasive shrub in temperate forests of the northeastern U.S. with the potential to alter soil arthropod communities through changes to soil nutrient cycling and acidity.</span></li> <li><span>We compared soil arthropod taxa and functional feeding groups between invaded and nearby control areas in a paired observational survey.</span></li> <li><span>Community ordination analysis suggested minimal differences between barberry and control samples. In contrast, pairwise differences revealed elevated densities of multiple taxa in barberry-invaded soils. </span></li> <li><span>Among taxa that were able to be defined by functional feeding group and were collected at higher densities under barberry, all were detritivores. For example, barberry-invaded soils harbored an average of 40% more Isopoda and more than twice as many Diplopoda per unit dry compared to control samples. Differences we observed between barberry and control samples despite the limited study spatiotemporal scope demonstrate the potential for invasions to restructure soil arthropod communities.</span></li> <li><span>Observed patterns potentially reflect elevated leaf litter decomposition rates associated with the invasion; results also highlight the need to integrate site-specific environmental attributes when assessing the impact of invading plants on soil ecosystems.</span></li> </ol>
FIGURE 4 in Hypholoma himalayense, a new and noteworthy species from the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic analyses of Hypholoma himalayense by Maximum Likelihood method. Maximum likelihood bootstrapping (MLB) support values above 70% are given. Our newly generated sequences are indicated in bold.
FIGURE 3 in Hypholoma himalayense, a new and noteworthy species from the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 3. Anatomical features of Hypholoma himalayense (holotype). A, Basidia; B, Basidiospores; C, Pleuroystidia; D, Stipitipellis; E, Pileipellis.
FIGURE:1 Map of Sampling sites, the green dots represent the Shogran and brown dot represents Khanspur, from where the specimens of Hypholoma himalayense were collected in Hypholoma himalayense, a new and noteworthy species from the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan
FIGURE:1 Map of Sampling sites, the green dots represent the Shogran and brown dot represents Khanspur, from where the specimens of Hypholoma himalayense were collected
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.