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334 results for “temporal variation”
Data from: Temporally isolated lineages of pink salmon reveal unique signatures of selection on distinct pools of standing genetic variation
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Short-term temporal variation of coastal marine eDNA
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Data from: Individual and temporal variation in habitat association of an alien carnivore at its invasion front
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Temporal and interspecific dietary variation in wintering ducks in agricultural landscapes
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Data from: Spatial and temporal variation in hornbill densities in Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India
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Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of introduced sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in an alpine landscape
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Data from: Temporal relationship between genetic and warning signal variation in the aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis)
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Data for: Spatial and temporal genetic variation in an exploited reef fish: The effects of exploitation on cohort genetic structure
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Data from: Hidden diversity in diatoms of Kenyan Lake Naivasha: a genetic approach detects temporal variation
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Data from: Temporal variation in the abundance and richness of foliage-dwelling ants mediated by extrafloral nectar
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Quantifying temporal variation in dietary niche to reveal drivers of past population declines; stable isotope, harvest trends, and land use
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Data from: Temporal variations in the linkages between plants and flower visitors and the pollination success of Primula modesta along the snowmelt gradient
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Temporal and scalar variations affect resource use of northern bobwhite broods
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Spatial and temporal variation in prey colour patterns for background-matching across a continuous heterogeneous environment
<p>In heterogeneous habitats, camouflage via background-matching can be challenging because visual characteristics can vary dramatically across small spatial scales. Additionally, temporal variation in signalling functions of colouration can affect crypsis, especially when animals use colouration seasonally for intraspecific signalling (e.g. mate selection). We currently have a poor understanding of how wild prey optimise background-matching within continuously heterogeneous habitats, and whether this is affected by requirements of intraspecific signalling across biological seasons. Here, we quantified colour patterns of a wild population of shore skink (<i>Oligosoma smithi</i>), a variably coloured lizard endemic to New Zealand, to 1) investigate whether background-matching varies across a vegetation gradient; 2) assess potential signalling functions of colour; and 3) to determine whether there is a trade-off between requirements for crypsis and intraspecific signalling in colouration across seasons. Although all pattern types occurred throughout the vegetation gradient, we found evidence for background-matching in skinks across the vegetation gradient, where dorsal brightness and pattern complexity corresponded with the proportion of vegetation cover. There was also a significant disparity between ventral colour (saturation) of juveniles and adults, and also between sexes, suggestive of sex recognition. However, there was little indication that colour was condition-dependent in adults. Despite some evidence for a potential role in signalling, crypsis did not greatly differ across seasons. Our study suggests that selection favours a mix of generalist and specialist background-matching strategies across continuously heterogeneous habitats.</p>
Data from: Temporal intraspecific trait variability drives responses of functional diversity to inter-annual aridity variation in grasslands
Inter-annual climate variation alters functional diversity through intraspecific trait variability and species turnover. We examined these diversity elements in three types of grasslands in Northern China, including two temperate steppes and an alpine meadow. We evaluated the differences in community-weighted means (CWM) of plant traits and functional dispersion (FDis) between two years with contrasting aridity in the growing season. Four traits were measured: specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) and the maximum plant height (H). CWM for SLA of the alpine meadow increased in the dry year while that of the temperate steppe in Qinghai showed opposing trends. CWM of LDMC in two temperate steppes became higher and CWM of LNC in all grasslands became lower in the dry year. Compared with the wet year, FDis of LDMC in the alpine meadow and FDis of LNC in the temperate steppe in Qinghai decreased in the dry year. FDis of H was higher in the dry year for two temperate steppes. Only in the temperate steppe in Qinghai did the multi-FDis of all traits experience a significant increase in the dry year. Most of the changes in CWM and FDis between two years were explained by intraspecific trait variation rather than shifts in species composition. This study highlights that temporal intraspecific trait variation contributes to functional responses to environmental changes. Our results also suggest it would be necessary to consider habitat types when modelling ecosystem responses to climate changes, as different grasslands showed different response patterns.
Data from: Using adaptive traits to consider potential consequences of temporal variation in selection: male guppy colour through time and space
Temporal variation in selection is typically evaluated by estimating and comparing selection coefficients in natural populations. Meta-analyses of these coefficients have yielded important insights, but selection coefficients are limited in several respects, including low statistical power, imperfect fitness surrogates, and uncertainty regarding consequences for trait change. A complementary approach without these limitations is to examine temporal variation in adaptive traits themselves, which is mechanistically easier and more directly relevant to evolutionary consequences. We illustrate this approach by analyzing the colour patterns of male guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from each of six sites in Trinidad in each of 6 years. This system is particularly appropriate for our study because key aspects of colour variation are genetically-based and responsive to selection. However, although spatial patterns of colour variation have been extensively considered in this system, no study has yet formally assessed annual temporal variation in non-manipulated populations. Matching previous conclusions for the guppy system, we find that guppies from different sites manifest different colour patterns in association with different predation regimes. We here add the new finding that, although some temporal variation is present, spatial patterns of colour variation are generally consistent across years. These results suggest that, when considering adaptive traits, spatial variation is more important than temporal variation, although our study system might be exceptional in this regard. Additional studies examining spatiotemporal variation in adaptive traits could help to improve our understanding of the role that spatiotemporal variation in selection plays in the evolutionary process.
Data from: Temporal variation in the vocal behaviour of southern right whales in the Auckland Islands, New Zealand
Autonomous recorders are frequently utilised for examining vocal behaviour of animals, and are particularly effective in remote habitats. Southern right whales are known to have an extensive acoustic repertoire. A recorder was moored at the isolated sub-Antarctic Auckland Islands for a year to examine whether the acoustic behaviour of southern right whales differed seasonally and throughout the day at their main calving ground in New Zealand. Recordings were made in each month except June, and vocalisations were audible in all months with recordings except January. A total of 35,487 calls were detected, of which upcalls were the most common (11,623). Call rate peaked in August (288±5.9 [SE] calls/hour) and July (194±8.3). Vocal behaviour varied diurnally with highest call rates detected at dusk and night, consistent with the concept that upcalls function primarily as contact calls. Zero-inflated model results confirmed that seasonal variation was the most important factor for explaining differences in vocal behaviour. An automated detector designed to expedite the analysis process for North Atlantic right whales correctly identified 80% of upcalls, although false detections were frequent, particularly when call rates were low. This study is the first to attempt year-round monitoring of southern right whale presence in New Zealand.
Data from: Temporal variation favors the evolution of generalists in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster
In variable environments, selection should favor generalists that maintain fitness across a range of conditions. However, costs of adaptation may generate fitness trade-offs and lead to some compromise between specialization and generalization that maximizes fitness. Here, we evaluate the evolution of specialization and generalization in 20 populations of Drosophila melanogaster experimentally evolved in constant and variable thermal environments for 3 years. We developed genotypes from each population at two temperatures after which we measured fecundity across eight temperatures. We predicted that constant environments would select for thermal specialists and that variable environments would select for thermal generalists. Contrary to our predictions, specialists and generalists did not evolve in constant and spatially variable environments, respectively. However, temporal variation produced a type of generalist that has rarely been considered by theoretical models of developmental plasticity. Specifically, genotypes from the temporally variable selective environment were more fecund across all temperatures than were genotypes from other environments. These patterns suggest certain allelic effects and should inspire new directions for modeling adaptation to fluctuating environments.
Data from: Heritability, evolvability, phenotypic plasticity and temporal variation in sperm-competition success of Drosophila melanogaster
Sperm-competition success (SCS) is seen as centrally important for evolutionary change: superior fathers sire superior sons and thereby inherit the traits that make them superior. Additional hypotheses, that phenotypic plasticity in SCS and sperm ageing explain variation in paternity, are less considered. Even though various alleles have individually been shown to be correlated with variation in SCS, few studies have addressed the heritability, or evolvability, of overall SCS. Those studies that have, found low or no heritability and have not examined evolvability. They have further not excluded phenotypic plasticity, and temporal effects on SCS, despite their known dramatic effects on sperm function. In Drosophila melanogaster, we found that both standard components of sperm competition, sperm defence and sperm offence, showed non-significant or insignificant heritability across several offspring cohorts. Instead, our analysis revealed, for the first time, the existence of phenotypic plasticity in SCS across an extreme environment (5% CO2), and an influence of sperm ageing. Evolvability of SCS was substantial for sperm defence but virtually absent for sperm offence. Our results suggest that the paradigm of explaining evolution by sperm competition is more complex and will benefit from further experimental work on the heritability or evolvability of SCS, measuring phenotypic plasticity, and separating the effects of sperm competition and sperm ageing.
Spatial and temporal genetic variation in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces as revealed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
<p>Ethiopia is a center of diversity for barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare </i>L.) and it is grown across different agro-ecologies of the country. Unraveling population structure and gene flow status on temporal scales assists an evaluation of the consequences of physical, demographic as well as overall environmental changes on the stability and persistence of populations. Here, we examine spatial and temporal genetic variation within and among barley landrace samples collected over a period of four decades (1976-2017), using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Our objective was to evaluate spatial and temporal changes in barley population connectivity associated with the closure of geographic origin and time periods. Low to strong genetic diversity was observed among the landraces and STRUCTURE, Neighbour joining tree and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component analysis revealed three clusters. The cluster analysis revealed a close relationship between landraces along geographic proximity with genetic distance increases along with geographic distance. The grouping of landraces based on altitudinal classes was influenced by geographic proximity. From AMOVA year categories, it was observed that within population genetic diversity much higher than between population genetic diversity and that the temporal differentiation is considerably smaller. The low to strong genetic differentiation between landraces from various geographic origins could be attributed to gene flow across the region as a consequence of seed exchange among farmers. Nevertheless, we found some connectivity between changes in population dynamics as well as contemporary gene flow. The results demonstrate that this set of SSRs was highly informative and was useful in generating a meaningful classification of barley germplasms. Furthermore, our data also suggest that landraces are a source of valuable germplasm for sustainable agriculture in the context of future climate change, and that <i>in-situ</i> conservation strategies based on farmers use can conserve the genetic identity of landraces while allowing adaptation to local-environments.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.