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607 results for “wind data”

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Data from: Three dimensional tracking of a wide-ranging marine predator: flight heights and vulnerability to offshore wind farms

A large increase in offshore wind turbine capacity is anticipated within the next decade, raising concerns about possible adverse impacts on birds as a result of collision risk. Birds' flight heights greatly influence this risk, yet height estimates are currently available only using methods such as radar- or ship-based observations over limited areas. Bird-borne data-loggers have the potential to provide improved estimates of collision risk and here, we used data from Global Position System (GPS)-loggers and barometric pressure loggers to track the three-dimensional movements of northern gannets rearing chicks at a large colony in south-east Scotland (Bass Rock), located <50 km from several major wind farm developments with recent planning consent. We estimated the foraging ranges and densities of birds at sea, their flight heights during different activities and the spatial variation in height during trips. We then used these data in collision-risk models to explore how the use of different methods to determine flight height affects the predicted risk of birds colliding with turbines. Gannets foraged in and around planned wind farm sites. The probability of flying at collision-risk height was low during commuting between colonies and foraging areas (median height 12 m) but was greater during periods of active foraging (median height 27 m), and we estimated that ˜1500 breeding adults from Bass Rock could be killed by collision with wind turbines at two planned sites in the Firth of Forth region each year. This is up to 12 times greater than the potential mortality predicted using other available flight-height estimates. Synthesis and applications: The use of conventional flight-height estimation techniques resulted in large underestimates of the numbers of birds at risk of colliding with wind turbines. Hence, we recommend using GPS and barometric tracking to derive activity-specific and spatially explicit flight heights and collision risks. Our predictions of potential mortality approached levels at which long-term population viability could be threatened, highlighting a need for further data to refine estimates of collision risks and sustainable mortality thresholds. We also advocate raising the minimum permitted clearance of turbine blades at sites with high potential collision risk from 22 to 30 m above sea level.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Does population distribution matter? Influence of a patchy versus continuous distribution on genetic patterns in a wind-pollinated shrub

Aim: Uniform spatial population distributions are predicted to result in lower among-population genetic differentiation and higher within-population genetic diversity than naturally patchy distributions, but there have been surprisingly few attempts to isolate this effect from confounding factors. We studied the widespread wind-pollinated shrub Allocasuarina humilis that is common in a geologically-stable landscape characterised by long-term population persistence to test the influence of semi-continuous versus patchy population distributions on genetic patterns. We also investigated whether A. humilis shows the high population connectedness and genetic diversity typically associated with wind pollination, a relatively uncommon and little-studied syndrome in this landscape. Location: Heath-shrublands ('heath') and forests of south-western Australia. Methods: Populations were sampled from heath and forest regions, which respectively exhibited semi-continuous and patchy population distributions. Genetic structure and diversity were assessed for 27 populations using eight nuclear microsatellite markers and three chloroplast regions. Phylogeographic history was examined using Bayesian phylogeny reconstruction, parsimony analysis and tests of expansion. Results: High haplotype diversity is consistent with long-term population persistence across most of the species' range. Nuclear markers showed low overall population differentiation and no geographical structure over ~900 km, reflecting extensive pollen dispersal. For both marker types, patchily-distributed forest populations were substantially more differentiated with significantly lower within-population diversity than semi-continuous heath populations. Phylogeographic analysis revealed evidence for earlier colonization of heath than forest and recent expansion into wetter forests, consistent with progressive long-term climatic drying. Main conclusions: High population connectedness and genetic diversity probably resulted from wind pollination in combination with dioecy and long life span. Patchy population distributions appear to have influenced genetic structure and diversity through lower pollen and seed dispersal, lower effective population sizes and greater genetic drift. Our approach illustrates the value of minimising confounding variables by testing the effect of a variable ecological trait within a single species.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: the case of the Dupont's lark

1.The assessment of the effects of wind farms on bird populations is commonly based on collision fatality records. This could undervalue the effect of wind farms on small-sized birds. We evaluate the effect of wind turbines on occurrence, abundance and population trends of a threatened small passerine species, the Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies addressing the effect of wind farms on population trends using time series data from multiple wind farms. 2.We estimated population trends by fitting a switching linear trend model with the software TRIM (Trend & Indices for Monitoring data). We used multiannual data surveys of five populations in the presence of wind farms and nine in their absence (2008–2016 period). Furthermore, we fitted a logistic and a negative binomial regression model to test the effect of wind farm proximity on species occurrence and abundance in 2016, respectively. We incorporated local connectivity and habitat availability estimates in both models as predictors. 3.Results showed a negative trend overall, but that was significantly more regressive in the presence of wind farms: 21.0% versus 5.8% average annual decline in the absence of wind farms. 4.Dupont's lark occurrence and abundance in 2016 were negatively affected by measures of population isolation and positively affected by the distance to wind farms. 5.These results highlight the negative effect of isolation and wind farm proximity on Dupont's lark population parameters. Taking into account the metapopulation structure exhibited by the species in the study area, this work established a 4.5 km threshold distance from wind farms, beyond which Dupont's lark populations should be unaffected. 6.Synthesis and applications. This work highlights the negative impact of wind farms on small-sized birds and provides a 4.5 km threshold distance that should be taken into account in the design of future wind energy projects. Moreover, we suggest an analytical approach based on population trends, species abundance and occurrence variation in relation to wind farms, useful for the assessment of wind farm impacts on small-sized birds.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Effects of pollination intensity on offspring number and quality in a wind-pollinated herb

Low pollination intensity may cause low seed set in plant populations and is thought to be responsible for evolutionary transitions from outcrossing to selfing, or from animal to wind pollination. Variation in pollination intensity may also affect seed quality both through its influence on the degree of pollen competition (with lower quality offspring produced under low pollen intensities) and through seed size–number trade-offs (with plants under low pollination intensity producing fewer but larger seeds). Here, we use a field experiment to examine the effects of pollination intensity on both quantity and quality of progeny. We manipulated pollen receipt to stigmas of the wind-pollinated dioecious plant Mercurialis annua by varying the distance of females from males. We then compared seed size and number, seedling growth and allocation to male and female function, for the progeny produced by females subjected to different pollination intensities. Our experiment revealed a reduction in pollen load with increasing distance to males, translating into large reductions in the number of seeds produced but only small effects on the performance of offspring. The main effect on offspring quality was through a seed size–number trade-off, with pollen-limited females producing fewer but larger seeds, which subsequently performed better. Sons and daughters were affected differently by this trade-off, pointing to gender-dependent effects of pollination intensity on progeny performance. Synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of pollination intensity on both the quantity and quality of progeny. Nevertheless, fitness calculations suggest that the enhanced quality of seed produced by pollen-limited mothers was not sufficient to offset their losses in terms of quantity.

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Dataset results

Data from: Three dimensional tracking of a wide-ranging marine predator: flight heights and vulnerability to offshore wind farms

Data from: Does population distribution matter? Influence of a patchy versus continuous distribution on genetic patterns in a wind-pollinated shrub

Data from: Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: the case of the Dupont's lark

Data from: Effects of pollination intensity on offspring number and quality in a wind-pollinated herb

Irradiance monitoring network data and wind motion vectors

CFD Modeling Results and Related Data and Codes for Plotting of "A Mesoscale-to-LES Modeling of Tornado-like Vortex and Associated Local Strong Winds in Urban Area"

Offshore wind farms low-trophic aquaculture multi-use potential: Figure data

Data associated with studies on wind and phoretic dispersal of crapemyrtle bark scale

Fitacf data for "Ionospheric Flow Vortex Induced by the Sudden Decrease in the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure"

Mirror of "ENSPRESO - an open data, EU-28 wide, transparent and coherent database of wind, solar and biomass energy potentials"

Planning resource adequacy of wind- and solar-based electricity systems: Input data and results files

Supporting data for "Shallow convective heating in weak temperature gradient balance explains mesoscale vertical motions in the trades" (previously for ch. 5 of "Mesoscale Cloud Patterns in the Trade-Wind Boundary Layer")

Data for Paper: Wind-wave momentum flux in steep, strongly forced, surface gravity wave conditions

Data for Numerical Simulation of Tornado-like Vortices Induced by Small-Scale Cyclostrophic Wind Perturbations

Reducing transmission expansion by co-optimizing sizing of wind, solar, storage, and grid connection capacity: Raw Data

Large-eddy simulation of airborne wind energy farms: AWES virtual flight data

planet wind evaporation data

A one-year-long evaluation of a wind-farm parameterisation in HARMONIE-AROME -- Model data

Data used in "Topographic Modulation of the Wind Stress Impact on Eddy Activity in the Southern Ocean"

Input data and model output for study about wind changes and impact on the Subtropical Front

Understand access before you commit

Allen Brain Atlas

Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)

DANDI Archive for NWB datasets

International Brain Laboratory public data

OpenNeuro