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Von Spix type specimens of Neotropical primates at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology

J. B. von Spix collected many interesting zoological specimens during his travels in South America from 1817 to 1820. The type specimens of Neotropical primates described by von Spix (1823), which are stored at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (German: Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns), are figured in the present collection. With the exception of the type of Pithecia capillamentosa, all specimens were collected by von Spix during his journey in Brazil from 1817-1820.   The figures consist of scientifically accurate renderings of the specimens in their current condition. They were created by a group of artists, associated with the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, under the guidance of medal-winning scientific artist Barbara Ruppel, consisting of: Anja Bolata, Rudolf Gerer, Dr. Thassilo Franke, Dr. Taciana Ottowitz, Ruth Moch, Michael Jicha and Marco Calogera. The images have been given additional artistic value by adding elements, such as native plants. When using these figures, please credit the original artist.   Publications containing these figures: van Heteren, A. H. & Kraft, R. 2019. Von Spix type specimens of Neotropical primates at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology: a revision with reference to the currently recognised species (Mammalia, Primates, Platyrrhina). Spixiana 42(1). Unsöld, M. 2019. Über die Primaten der Brasilienexpedition des Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix: Naturwissenschaftliche Illustrationen aller 41 “Spixaffen” der ZSM. Berichte der Freunde der ZSM Band 5. München (Freunde der Zoologische Staatssammlung München).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Figure 2 in Herpetofaunal Diversity of Zoological Survey of India Campus, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Figure 2. Composition of the herpetofauna of ZSI campus, Itanagar.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Figure 3 in Herpetofaunal Diversity of Zoological Survey of India Campus, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Figure 3. Family-wise distribution of Reptilian fauna of ZSI campus, Itanagar.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Mollusca fauna of the campus of Arunachal Pradesh Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, along with two new records

Figure 1. Girasia crocea (Godwin-Austen, 1872).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in Mosquito identification and haemosporidian parasites detection in the enclosure of the African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) at the SANBI zoological garden

Fig. 2. The single UV-light trap used to collect mosquito samples.

opennotspecifiedAug 2024View details →

Smithsonian Contributions Series: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/796https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/5097/browse?type=dateissued

Table 2 in Changes in a soil microarthropod community in the vicinity of dominant tree species under trampling management at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel

Table 2 Mean values (± SD) of soil physical and chemical parameters at different treatment sites at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel, December 2013. SM = soil moisture, OM = organic matter, pH = soil pH, SEC = soil electrical conductivity, SD = soil density, WHC = water-holding capacity. OE = open places under enclosure conditions, OT = open places under trampling conditions; EE E. = camaldulensis canopy habitat under enclosure conditions, ET = E. camaldulensis canopy habitat under trampling conditions, TE T =. aphylla canopy habitat under enclosure conditions, TT = T. aphylla canopy habitat under trampling conditions, CE = C. sempervirens canopy habitat under enclosure conditions, CT = C. sempervirens canopy habitat under trampling conditions. Different letters in the same column represent significant difference p at <0.05.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>SM (%)</th><th>OM (%)</th><th>pH</th><th>SEC (µ -1) cm</th><th>SD (g -3) cm</th><th>WHC (%)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>OE</th><td>25.6±3.4a</td><td>1.1±0.2b</td><td>7.5±0.2b</td><td>87.6±17.5d</td><td>1.1±0.0b</td><td>53.6±0.9ab</td></tr><tr><th>OT</th><td>7.8±1.7c</td><td>0.2±0.0e</td><td>7.6±0.0b</td><td>150.3±51.3c</td><td>1.6±0.0a</td><td>25.6±1.0c</td></tr><tr><th>EE</th><td>16.6±1.6b</td><td>1.3±0.2b</td><td>7.6±0.0b</td><td>130.2±9.4cd</td><td>1.0±0.1c</td><td>52.6±11.1ab</td></tr><tr><th>ET</th><td>23.2±3.8a</td><td>2.0±0.3a</td><td>7.6±0.0b</td><td>255.3±39.6ab</td><td>1.1±0.0bc</td><td>31.9±3.5c</td></tr><tr><th>TE</th><td>21.9±4.4ab</td><td>0.4±0.1d</td><td>7.9±0.0a</td><td>152.0±17.8c</td><td>1.0±0.1c</td><td>52.1±14.6ab</td></tr><tr><th>TT</th><td>14.1±5.2b</td><td>1.1±0.1b</td><td>7.6±0.1b</td><td>254.1±48.0ab</td><td>1.0±0.1c</td><td>43.3±6.2b</td></tr><tr><th>CE</th><td>26.9±3.4a</td><td>0.8±0.3c</td><td>7.6±0.1b</td><td>209.9±22.5b</td><td>1.0±0.1c</td><td>56.3±5.8a</td></tr><tr><th>CT</th><td>22.0±6.0ab</td><td>0.5±0.2d</td><td>7.8±0.1a</td><td>275.9±21.9a</td><td>1.0±0.0c</td><td>43.0±3.9b</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 3 in Changes in a soil microarthropod community in the vicinity of dominant tree species under trampling management at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel

Table 3 Effects of sampling habitat (“Habitat”), trampling management (“Trampling”), and their interaction on soil parameters, abundance of soil microarthropods, and diversity indices of soil Acari at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel, December 2013 (General linear model, α = 0.05). * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001.<table><tbody><tr><th>Microarthropods</th><th>d f</th><th>F</th><th>Soil parameters</th><th>d f</th><th>F</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Total microarthropod abundance</th><td></td><td></td><td>Soil moisture</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Model</th><td>8</td><td>15.85***</td><td>Model</td><td>8</td><td>109.38***</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling</th><td>1</td><td>39.13***</td><td>Trampling</td><td>1</td><td>18.46***</td></tr><tr><th>Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>1.65</td><td>Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>5.90**</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling * Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>4.89**</td><td>Trampling * Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>12.84***</td></tr><tr><th>Collembola abundance</th><td></td><td></td><td>Organic matter</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Model</th><td>8</td><td>4.90**</td><td>Model</td><td>8</td><td>116.32***</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling</th><td>1</td><td>11.18**</td><td>Trampling</td><td>1</td><td>0.05</td></tr><tr><th>Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>2.29</td><td>Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>48.99***</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling * Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>2.56</td><td>Trampling * Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>32.99***</td></tr><tr><th>Other arthropod abundance</th><td></td><td></td><td>Soil pH</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Model</th><td>8</td><td>1</td><td>Model</td><td>8</td><td>35120.21***</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling</th><td>1</td><td>1.8</td><td>Trampling</td><td>1</td><td>0.5</td></tr><tr><th>Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>0.73</td><td>Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>4.69*</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling * Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>0.73</td><td>Trampling * Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>13.93***</td></tr><tr><th>Soil Acari abundance</th><td></td><td></td><td>Electrical conductivity</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Model</th><td>8</td><td>18.85***</td><td>Model</td><td>8</td><td>156.31***</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling</th><td>1</td><td>43.09***</td><td>Trampling</td><td>1</td><td>61.80***</td></tr><tr><th>Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>0.88</td><td>Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>20.89***</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling * Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>3.60*</td><td>Trampling * Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>1.76</td></tr><tr><th>Taxon richness of soil Acari</th><td></td><td></td><td>Soil density</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Model</th><td>8</td><td>16.11***</td><td>Model</td><td>8</td><td>1769.86***</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling</th><td>1</td><td>34.68***</td><td>Trampling</td><td>1</td><td>57.12***</td></tr><tr><th>Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>3.17*</td><td>Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>82.99***</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling * Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>1.23</td><td>Trampling * Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>36.99***</td></tr><tr><th>Shannon index of soil Acari</th><td></td><td></td><td>Water-holding capacity</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Model</th><td>8</td><td>18.88***</td><td>Model</td><td>8</td><td>155.49***</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling</th><td>1</td><td>51.07***</td><td>Trampling</td><td>1</td><td>45.98***</td></tr><tr><th>Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>4.03*</td><td>Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>3.22*</td></tr><tr><th>Trampling * Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>0.78</td><td>Trampling * Habitat</td><td>3</td><td>2.6</td></tr><tr><th>Simpson index of soil Acari</th></tr><tr><th>Model</th><td>8</td><td>13.42***</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Trampling</th><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>7.47**</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Trampling * Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>5.22**</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Evenness index of soil Acari</th></tr><tr><th>Model</th><td>8</td><td>42.11***</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Trampling</th><td>1</td><td>120.61***</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>3.68*</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Trampling * Habitat</th><td>3</td><td>1.82</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 1 in Changes in a soil microarthropod community in the vicinity of dominant tree species under trampling management at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel

Table 1 Sampling design (replication = 4) for sites at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel, December 2013. Herbaceous ground cover: +++ patchy; + a few plants, – no plants. OE = open places under enclosure conditions, OT = open places under trampling conditions; EE E =. camaldulensis canopy habitat under enclosure conditions, ET = E. camaldulensis canopy habitat under trampling conditions, TE T =. aphylla canopy habitat under enclosure conditions, TT T =. aphylla canopy habitat under trampling conditions, CE = C. sempervirens canopy habitat under enclosure conditions, CT = C. sempervirens canopy habitat under trampling conditions.<table><tbody><tr><th>Habitat</th><th>Code</th><th>Treatment</th><th>Tree height (m)</th><th>Tree canopy crown (m2)</th><th>Herbaceous vegetation</th><th>Soil physical/biological top layer</th><th>Litter layer (cm)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Open spaces</th><td>OT OE</td><td>Trampling Enclosure</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>No +++</td><td>No Physical top layer</td><td>No No</td></tr><tr><th>E. camaldulensis</th><td>ET EE</td><td>Trampling Enclosure</td><td>10-13</td><td>6×8</td><td>No +</td><td>No Biological top layer</td><td>No 2-3</td></tr><tr><th>T. aphylla</th><td>TT TE</td><td>Trampling Enclosure</td><td>14-16</td><td>8×8</td><td>No +++</td><td>No Physical top layer</td><td>No Few</td></tr><tr><th>C. sempervirens</th><td>CT CE</td><td>Trampling Enclosure</td><td>14-16</td><td>7×9</td><td>No +</td><td>No Biological layer</td><td>No 1-2</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 4 in Changes in a soil microarthropod community in the vicinity of dominant tree species under trampling management at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel

Table 4 Correlation coefficients (Pearson correlation, r) between the abundance of microarthropods, diversity indices of soil Acari, and soil parameters at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel, December 2013. SM = soil moisture, OM = organic matter, pH = soil pH, SEC = soil electrical conductivity, SD = soil density, WHC = water-holding capacity p. <*0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001.<table><tbody><tr><th>Index</th><th></th><th>SM</th><th>OM</th><th>pH</th><th>SEC</th><th>SD</th><th>WHC</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>Acari</td><td>0.349*</td><td>0.068</td><td>-0.198</td><td>-0.506**</td><td>-0.299</td><td>0.571***</td></tr><tr><th>Abundance</th><td>Collembola Other soil arthropods</td><td>0.153 0.202</td><td>0.210 0.098</td><td>-0.486** -0.294</td><td>-0.506** -0.209</td><td>-0.107 -0.065</td><td>0.207 0.245</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Total microarthropod</td><td>0.292</td><td>0.158</td><td>-0.403*</td><td>-0.574***</td><td>-0.233</td><td>0.445*</td></tr><tr><th>Diversity indices of Acari</th><td>Taxon richness Shannon index Simpson index</td><td>0.253 0.285 -0.006</td><td>0.023 0.032 -0.175</td><td>-0.098 -0.120 0.165</td><td>-0.392* -0.455** 0.240</td><td>-0.316 -0.293 -0.475**</td><td>0.561*** 0.585*** 0.336</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Evenness index</td><td>0.387*</td><td>0.009</td><td>-0.203</td><td>-0.466**</td><td>-0.411*</td><td>0.739***</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Table 1 in How long do dolphins live? Survival rates and life expectancies for bottlenose dolphins in zoological facilities ťs. wild populations

Table 1. Mean and median life expectancies (in years, with 95% confidence intervals) for bottlenose dolphins in zoological care as calculated by Kaplan-Meier analyses.<table><tbody><tr><th>Time period</th><th>Median LE (CI)</th><th>Mean LE (CI)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1974–1982</th><td>9.0 (5.9–11.4)</td><td>10.6 (8.8–12.5)</td></tr><tr><th>1983–1992</th><td>15.3 (12.5–17.1)</td><td>17.3 (15.2–19.4)</td></tr><tr><th>1993–2002</th><td>18.2 (14.1–20.3)</td><td>20.3 (18.0–22.5)</td></tr><tr><th>2003–2012</th><td>29.2 (25.0–32.9)</td><td>28.2 (25.3–31.0)</td></tr></tbody></table>

opennotspecifiedJan 2020View details →

FIGURE 2. A–B in Catalogue of type specimens of Insecta (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) deposited in the entomological collection of the Museum of Zoology of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil

FIGURE 2. A–B, Original description of Bitoma palmarum Bondar, 1940; C–E, B. palmarum, C, lectotype; D–E, paralectotypes; F, label attached to lectotype; G, label attached to paralectotypes; H, original labels attached to lectotype and paralectotypes.

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FIGURE 1. A–I in Catalogue of type specimens of Insecta (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) deposited in the entomological collection of the Museum of Zoology of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil

FIGURE 1. A–I, Cephaloleia diplothemium Uhmann, 1951; A, holotype in NHMUK; B, label attached to holotype; C, paratype in NHMUK; D, label attached to paratype in NHMUK; E, additional specimen in MZFS mistakenly designated as holotype; F, labels attached to additional specimens; G–H, paratypes in MZFS; I, labels attached to paratipes in MZFS.

opennotspecifiedJan 2020View details →

FIGURE 3. A in Catalogue of type specimens of Insecta (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) deposited in the entomological collection of the Museum of Zoology of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil

FIGURE 3. A, paratype of Ctenophorema balneare Piza, 1967 syn. of Homotoicha laminata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891; B, labels attached to paratype of C. balneare; C, paratype of Polyurena hexacercata Piza, 1967 syn. of Homotoicha fuscopunctata Caudell, 1906; D, labels attached to paratype of Polyurena hexacercata Piza, 1967; E, paratype of Phaneroptera quadrivittata Piza, 1967 syn. of Homotoicha olivaceus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891); F, labels attached to paratype to P. quadrivittata.

FIGURES 34a–e in The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution III Family Halictidae, genera Halictus Latreille, 1804, and Sphecodes Latreille, 1804

FIGURES 34a–e. Sphecodes kozlovi Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2015. Holotype, male: a—habitus, lateral view, and labels; b—metasoma, dorsal view; c—mesosoma, dorsal view; d—head, frontal view; e—genitalia, dorsal view.

FIGURES 15a–e. Halictus minor Morawitz, 1876 in The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution III Family Halictidae, genera Halictus Latreille, 1804, and Sphecodes Latreille, 1804

FIGURES 15a–e. Halictus minor Morawitz, 1876. Lectotype, female: a—habitus, lateral view; b—metasoma, dorsal view; c—head, frontal view; d—mesosoma dorsal view; e—labels.

FIGURES 26a–f. Halictus turanicus Morawitz, 1893 in The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution III Family Halictidae, genera Halictus Latreille, 1804, and Sphecodes Latreille, 1804

FIGURES 26a–f. Halictus turanicus Morawitz, 1893. Holotype, male: a—habitus, lateral view; b— metasoma, dorsal view; c—head, frontal view; d—mesosoma, dorsal view; e—genitalia; f—labels.

FIGURES 30a–e. Hylaeus senilis Eversmann, 1852 in The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution III Family Halictidae, genera Halictus Latreille, 1804, and Sphecodes Latreille, 1804

FIGURES 30a–e. Hylaeus senilis Eversmann, 1852. Lectotype, female: a—habitus, lateral view; b—metasoma, dorsal view; c—head, frontal view; d—mesosoma, dorsal view; e—labels.

FIGURES 13a–e. Halictus marikovskayae Pesenko, 1986 in The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution III Family Halictidae, genera Halictus Latreille, 1804, and Sphecodes Latreille, 1804

FIGURES 13a–e. Halictus marikovskayae Pesenko, 1986. Holotype, female: a—habitus, lateral view; b— metasoma, dorsal view; c—head, frontal view; d—mesosoma, dorsal view; e—labels.

FIGURES 22a–f. Halictus rudolphae Pesenko, 1984 in The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution III Family Halictidae, genera Halictus Latreille, 1804, and Sphecodes Latreille, 1804

FIGURES 22a–f. Halictus rudolphae Pesenko, 1984. Holotype, male: a—habitus, lateral view; b— metasoma, dorsal view; c—mesosoma, dorsal view; d—head, frontal view; e—labels; f—genitalia.