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FIGURE 2 in A species-level revision of the North American brontotheres Eotitanops and Palaeosyops (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)

FIGURE 2. Cluster dendrogram for specimens of Eotitanops from the Wind River Basin resulting from a cluster analysis of all variables listed in Table 2 (based on data from Osborn 1929). a, type of Eotitanops princeps; b, type of E. gregoryi; c, type of E. brownianus.

FIGURE 5 in A species-level revision of the North American brontotheres Eotitanops and Palaeosyops (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)

FIGURE 5. Cluster dendrogram for specimens of Eotitanops from the Wind River and Huerfano Basins resulting from a cluster analysis of all three variables listed in Table 5 (based on data from Robinson 1966). a, type of Eotitanops gregoryi; b, type of E. minimus.

FIGURE 8 in A species-level revision of the North American brontotheres Eotitanops and Palaeosyops (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)

FIGURE 8. Suture pattern between the jugal (dark gray) and maxilla (light gray) in AMNH 5104, a specimen of Palaeosyops paludosus. A, suture pattern as it actually appears on the specimen, probably due to breakage of the maxilla; B, reconstruction of the jugal-maxilla contact as it may have originally appeared. Both figures reversed and modified from Osborn (1929).

FIGURE 14 in A species-level revision of the North American brontotheres Eotitanops and Palaeosyops (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)

FIGURE 14. Cluster dendrogram for specimens of Palaeosyops from Bridger C resulting from a cluster analysis of all variables listed in Table 14. a, type of P. grangeri.

FIGURE 11 in A species-level revision of the North American brontotheres Eotitanops and Palaeosyops (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)

FIGURE 11. Cluster dendrogram for specimens of Palaeosyops from Bridger B resulting from a cluster analysis of all variables listed in Table 7. a, type of Limnohyops monoconus; b, type of Limnohyops priscus; c, type of Limnohyus laevidens.

FIGURE 13 in A species-level revision of the North American brontotheres Eotitanops and Palaeosyops (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)

FIGURE 13. Cluster dendrogram for specimens of Palaeosyops from Bridger B resulting from a cluster analysis of the length and width of the first upper molars. a, type of Limnohyops priscus; b, type of Limnohyops monoconus.

FIGURE 1 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina

FIGURE 1. Location map of the fossil locality, at the west margin of the Río Chico (Colloncuran SALMA, middle Miocene), Rio Negro Province, where the holotype of Patagosmilus goini (MLP 07-VII-1-1) was found.

FIGURE 5. Patagosmilus goini specimen MLP 07 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina

FIGURE 5. Patagosmilus goini specimen MLP 07-VII-1-1. Magnum in lateral, anterior, and medial views from left to right (A), and proximal portion of an ungual phalanx in lateral view (B). Abbreviations: mcIII, facet for articulation with the third metacarpal; sc, facet for scaphoid; se, facet for semilunar; sp, subungual process; t, palmar tubercle; tra, facet for trapezoid; uc, ungicular crest; uf, ungual foramen; un, facet for unciform.

FIGURE 2 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina

FIGURE 2. Skull of Patagosmilus goini, specimen MLP 07-VII-1-1 in lateral view. Abbreviations: C, upper canine; fdv, foramen for the frontal diploic vein Fr, frontal; iof, infraorbital foramen; La, lacrimal; lat, lacrimal tuberosity; M1- M4, upper molars, from the first to the fourth; Mx, maxilla; mxt, maxillary tuberosity; Na, nasal; P3, third upper premolar; Pa, parietal; pop, postorbital process of frontal; sc, sagittal crest; Sq, squamosal; tl temporal line; spf, sphenopalatine foramen.

FIGURE 4 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina

FIGURE 4. Third upper premolar of Patagosmilus goini, specimen MLP 07-VII-1-1 in lingual (A) and labial (B) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterior labial root; lgr, lingual root; me, metacone; pa, paracone; pme, postmetacrista; pr, protocone; plr, posterior labial root;

FIGURE 3 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina

FIGURE 3. Stereographic photographs and line drawing of the upper dentition of Patagosmilus goini, specimen MLP 07-VII-1-1 in occlusal (A) and lingual (B) views. Abbreviations: ec, ectocingulum; me, metacone; n, nutrient foramina; P2, alveoli for the anterior and posterior roots of second upper premolar; p, pit for housing the protoconid; pa, paracone; pme, postmetacrista; pr, protocone; ppa, preparacrista; st, stylar shelf.

FIGURE 14 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 14. Dorsal (above) and ventral (below) cranial views of "small microtarsus" (left, MZUSP 29164, male, age class 5), "large microtarsus" (middle, UFMG 2536, male, age class 6), and "ehrhardti" (right, MNHCI 4322, male, age class 5). Scale = 5 mm.

FIGURE 13 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 13. Dorsal and ventral cranial views (above), and lateral cranial and mandibular lateral views (below) in Gracilinanus microtarsus ("large microtarsus", male, age class 6) (UFMG 2536). Scale = 5 mm.

FIGURE 12 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 12. Dorsal and ventral views of skins of Gracilinanus microtarsus. A and C, MZUSP 29159 ("small microtarsus", male, age class 5), B and D, UFMG 2536 ("large microtarsus", male, age class 6. Scale = 10 mm.

FIGURE 11 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 11. Map of eastern Brazil showing known records of Gracilinanus microtarsus based on specimens examined. Localities are keyed to numbered entries in the Appendix. The symbols represent: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 10 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 10. Comparison between morphological, molecular and combined results. Maximum likelihood was performed only to molecular data. Observe paraphyly present in "small microtarsus", group present on both "MG" and "RJ/SP" clades in the molecular phylogeny. The paraphyly in the "RJ/SP" clade is depicted in the dashed outline on the map and the symbols represent samples with molecular data. The symbols are: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 9. A–B in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 9. A–B Bivariate plot of the first (PC-1) versus second (PC-2) principal component for adult males (A) and females (B) of Gracilinanus microtarsus based on 20 cranial variables. The inset shows the projection of variables on PC-1 and PC-2. C–D Bivariate plots of discriminant scores for the first (DF-1) and second (DF-2) axes in comparisons among adult males (C) and females (D) of Gracilinanus microtarsus based on 20 cranial variables. The symbols represent: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 8. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among partial cytochrome b in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 8. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among partial cytochrome b sequences of Gracilinanus spp. Bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities based on molecular dataset are provided above each branch. Bayesian posterior probabilities based on the combined (morphological + molecular) dataset is provided below each branch. The numbers beside the localities correspond to the same numbers shown on the map (Figure 11). The symbols represent: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 6 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 6. Strict consensus of ten most-parsimonious trees based on analysis of morphological characters showing the monophyly of G. microtarsus and G. agilis, and the relationships among phenotypes. Bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities are provided above each branch. The symbols represent: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 2 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 2. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral view of the mandible of Gracilinanus microtarsus, showing the measurements cited in the text.