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Fig. 2 in A rapid screening method for resistance to Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Capsicum (Solanaceae) spp. plants

Fig. 2. Visual scale of damaged leaf area by Anthonomus eugenii on pepper leaves: 1 = leaf with 0% of damaged area, 3 = leaf with approximate 25% of damaged area, 5 = leaf with approximate 50% of damaged area, 7 = leaf with approximate 75% of damaged area, and 9 = leaf with approximate 100% of damaged area.

Fig. 1 in A rapid screening method for resistance to Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Capsicum (Solanaceae) spp. plants

Fig. 1. Plastic micro-cages used for resistance experiments to Anthonomus eugenii on pepper leaves: (A) empty micro-cage, (B) micro-cage used as negative control where we placed only pepper leaves without insects, (C) micro-cage with adults of A. eugenii and pepper leaves, and (D) close up of 1 micro-cage with adults of A. eugenii and pepper leaves for resistance experiments.

Fig. 4 in A rapid screening method for resistance to Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Capsicum (Solanaceae) spp. plants

Fig. 4. Damage caused by Anthonomus eugenii: (A) susceptible control leaf of the Fascinato commercial cultivar with severe damage, and (B) Capsicum annuum plant considered resistant of the UTC17 wild pepper population collected from Tabasco, Mexico, infested with A. eugenii. Picture was taken 7 d afer infestation.

Fig. 3 in A rapid screening method for resistance to Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Capsicum (Solanaceae) spp. plants

Fig. 3. Mortality (%) of Anthonomus eugenii adults per micro-cage during 21 consecutive d afer infestation (DAI) in pepper leaves from wild and landrace populations and commercial cultivars. Bars are average percentage mortality. Comparisons made with Mann-Whitney test (P ≤ 0.05). Different letters in the columns indicate significant differences. Error bars indicate the standard error.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2019View details →

Fig. 1 in Oviposition by Copitarsia decolora Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on and near the host plant

Fig. 1. Number of eggs (mean ± SEM) of paired females of C. decolora on and near the host plant. Different letters indicate mean values significantly different at P <0.05 (Tukey), n = 12.

Fig. 7 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 7. Comparison of 3 characteristic forms of damage: (a) hole and feces coming from inside the pad, useful to distinguish pads with Cactoblastis cactorum; (b) typical damage observed in plants that were attacked by C. cactorum; (c) circular black spot fungal damage; (d) map black spot fungal damage.

Fig. 6 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 6. Proportion of Cactoblastis cactorum infected cladodes parasitized by Apanteles opuntiarum and proportion per cladode of C. cactorum larvae parasitized by A. opuntiarum throughout the yr for sites from Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, and Tucumán provinces. The average and standard deviation of the number of pupae of A. opuntiarum per C. cactorum larvae also is shown.

Fig. 1 in Oviposition preference of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on five host plant species

Fig. 1. Photo showing the cage arrangement. Six cages (1.83 × 1.83 × 1.83 m with 20 × 20 Mesh Lumite) were constructed in a shadehouse in a north-south row. Each cage had 5 potential host plants and a source plant containing adult whiteflies.

Fig. 2 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 2. Description of spots and setae from larval I to VI, shown in the pro- and meso-thoracic segment, and the seventh and anal abdominal segments: D1–2: dorsal setae; SD1–2: subdorsal setae; XD1–2: prothoracic setae; L1–3: lateral setae; SV1–2: subventral setae; PP1: posterior setae; spot "k" in prothorax, "h" in mesothorax, "a" and "c" in the seventh abdominal segment, and anal shield in the tenth and last abdominal segment.

Fig. 5 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 5. Number of larvae of Cactoblastis cactorum per mo from all sites of Tucumán and the proportion of those that were parasitized by Apanteles.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Effect of plant sex (dioecism) on the performance of Apocnemidophorus pipitzi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a stem boring weevil of Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia

Fig. 1. Leaf consumption of male and female Brazilian peppertree plants by the weevil Apocnemidophorus pipitzi. Feeding damage was significantly higher on male plants. Asterisk (*) indicates statistical difference (t = 3.05; df = 4; P = 0.027).

Fig. 1 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 1. (a) An eggstick oviposited on a pad of Opuntia ficus indica; (b) Anterior part of the larva exhibiting the cephalic capsule and prothorax starting to sclerotize; (c) Larva II has a dark shield on the prothorax and small macula at the base of each setae in the abdomen; (d) Larva III with bigger maculae with alternating color intensity on successive segments; (e) Larva IV with a white line between the head capsule and prothorax shield; (f) Larva V characterized by almost continuous black rings on the abdomen on an orange-brownish back- ground; (g) Typical bright orange larval VI with the prothorax shield fractured in 2 and apparently continuous black rings; (h) pupa within silk cocoon and naked pupa; Cactoblastis cactorum females (lef) and males (right); females have longer palps (i) than males (j). Both genders are characterized by a transverse line in the distal part of the wings (k, l).

Fig. 2 in Biology of Spodoptera eridania and Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different host plants

Fig. 2. Number of eggs (mean ± SE) of Spodoptera cosmioides on different sectors of the host canopy (a and c) and host species (b and d) in no-choice (a and b) and free-choice (c and d) tests. Means followed by the same letter did not differ between canopy sectors (bottom, middle, and upper) or different hosts (Tukey's HSD test, p ≤ 0.05).

Fig. 1 in Biology of Spodoptera eridania and Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different host plants

Fig. 1. Number of eggs (mean ± SE) of Spodoptera eridania on different sectors of the host canopy (a and c) and host species (b and d) in no-choice (a and b) and free-choice (c and d) tests. Means followed by the same letter did not differ between canopy sectors (bottom, middle, and upper) or different hosts (Tukey's HSD test, p ≤ 0.05).

Fig. 2 in Oviposition preference of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on five host plant species

Fig. 2. The cumulative number of eggs deposited on different plants during the experiment. The average cumulative number of eggs was always greatest on gumbo limbo.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Effect of plant sex (dioecism) on the performance of Apocnemidophorus pipitzi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a stem boring weevil of Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia

Fig. 2. Longevity of the the weevil Apocnemidophorus pipitzi on male and female Brazilian peppertree plants. Survival was significantly higher on male plants. Asterisk (*) indicates statistical difference (t = 2.71; df = 4; P = 0.029).

Fig. 1 in New records of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) infesting rosettes of Conilon coffee plants in the state of Rondônia, South-Western Amazon, Brazil

Fig. 1. Ferrisia dasylirii and Planococcus minor in rosettes of Conilon coffee trees in the state of Rondônia, South-Western Amazon, Brazil. (A-B) Colonies of F. dasylirii on peduncles of coffee fruits. (C) Fruits covered by sooty mold on top of F. dasylirii honeydew. (D) Branch with damage (scattered grain) of F. dasylirii. (E) Dorsal view of an F. dasylirii adult female. (F) Imatures and adult females of P. minor. Photos (A-C) and (E-F) Rondelli VM; (D) Dias JRM.

Fig. 3 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 3. Proportion of individuals of different developmental stages of Cactoblastis cactorum in Tucumán throughout the year. Inside the bars: E = eggsticks, L = larvae, P = pupae.

Fig. 2 in Suitability of selected ornamental plants for growth and survival of Lissachatina fulica (Gastropoda: Achatinidae)

Fig. 2. Mean percent survival of newly hatched Lissachatina fulica afer 70 d of feeding on a single diet treatment. (A) Annual plants. (B) Perennial plants. Means topped by the same lowercase letters are not significantly different (P> 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Dunn's test). Error bars indicate standard error.

Fig. 3 in Insect visitors to the annual plant community in a xeric environment in Central Mexico

Fig. 3. Canonical correspondence analyses of the abundance of floral visitors in response to environmental variables (disturbance index, temperature, and humidity). (a) Effect of environmental variables on the abundance of each insect order of floral visitors. (b) Effect of environmental variables on the abundance of insect species displaying abundance that was significantly different between sites.