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3,585 results for “Population study”
Data from: Effects of removing woody cover on long‐term population dynamics of a rare annual plant (Agalinis auriculata): a study comparing remnant prairie and oldfield habitats
1. Worldwide, grasslands are becoming shrublands/forests. In North America, eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) often colonizes prairies. Habitat management can focus on woody removal, but we often lack long-term data on whether removal leads to population recovery of herbaceous plants without seeding. 2. We undertook a long-term study (17 years) of numbers of the rare annual plant Agalinis auriculata in a gridwork of 100 m2 plots in adjacent prairie and oldfield sites in Kansas, USA. We collected data before and after removal of Juniperus virginiana at the prairie. 3. Plant population sizes were highly variable at both sites and over time. High numbers of plants in a plot one year were often followed by low numbers the following year, suggesting negative density-dependence. Plant numbers were lowest with extensive woody cover and with low precipitation. After woody plant removal, A. auriculata increased dramatically in abundance and occupancy in most years; increases were also seen at the oldfield, suggesting later survey years were overall more favorable. 4. Synthesis and applications: Removal of woody plants led to increased numbers of a rare annual prairie plant, without seeding. Multiple years of data were essential for interpretation given extreme temporal variability in numbers. The largest prairie population was seven years following tree removal, showing that positive effects of management can last this long. This species also fared well in oldfield habitat, suggesting restoration opportunities. Given that land managers are busy, time-efficient field methods and data analysis approaches such as ours offer advantages. In addition to general linear models, we suggest Rank Occupancy Abundance Profiles (ROAPs), a simple-to-use data visualization and analysis method. Creation of ROAPs for sites before and after habitat management helps reveal the degree to which plant populations are responding to management with changes in local density, changes in occupancy, or both.
Data from: Complementary and alternative asthma treatments and their association with asthma control: a population-based study
Objectives: Many patients with asthma spend time and resources consuming complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). This study explores whether CAM utilization is associated with asthma control and the intake of asthma controller medications. Design: Population-based, prospective cross-sectional study Setting: general population residing in two census areas in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Recruitment was based on random-digit dialing of both landlines and cell phones. Participants: 486 patients with self-reported physician-diagnosis of asthma (mean age 52 years; 67.3% female). Primary and secondary outcome measures: We assessed CAM use over the previous 12 months, level of asthma control as defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), and the self-reported intake of controller medications. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to study the relationship between any usage of CAMs (outcome), asthma control and controller medication usage, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: A total of 179 (36.8%) of the sample reported CAM usage in the past 12 months. Breathing exercises (17.7%), herbal medicines (10.1%), and vitamins (9.7%) were the most popular CAMs reported. After adjustment, female sex (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.09-2.52) and uncontrolled asthma( vs. controlled asthma, OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.30-3.89) were associated with a higher likelihood of using any CAMs in the past 12 months. Controller medication use was not associated with CAM usage in general and in the subgroups defined by asthma control. Conclusion: Clinicians and policy makers need to be aware of the high prevalence of CAM use in patients with asthma and its association with lack of asthma control.
Data from: How random is social behaviour? Disentangling social complexity through the study of a wild house mouse population
Out of all the complex phenomena displayed in the behaviour of animal groups, many are thought to be emergent properties of rather simple decisions at the individual level. Some of these phenomena may also be explained by random processes only. Here we investigate to what extent the interaction dynamics of a population of wild house mice (Mus domesticus) in their natural environment can be explained by a simple stochastic model. We first introduce the notion of perceptual landscape, a novel tool used here to describe the utilisation of space by the mouse colony based on the sampling of individuals in discrete locations. We then implement the behavioural assumptions of the perceptual landscape in a multi-agent simulation to verify their accuracy in the reproduction of observed social patterns. We find that many high-level features -- with the exception of territoriality -- of our behavioural dataset can be accounted for at the population level through the use of this simplified representation. Our findings underline the potential importance of random factors in the apparent complexity of the mice's social structure. These results resonate in the general context of adaptive behaviour versus elementary environmental interactions.
Data from: Sex change and effective population size: implications for population genetic studies in marine fish
Large variance in reproductive success is the primary factor that reduces effective population size (Ne) in natural populations. In sequentially hermaphroditic (sex-changing) fish, the sex ratio is typically skewed and biased towards the 'first' sex, while reproductive success increases considerably after sex change. Therefore, sex-changing fish populations are theoretically expected to have lower Ne than gonochorists (separate sexes), assuming all other parameters are essentially equal. In this study, we estimate Ne from genetic data collected from two ecologically similar species living along the eastern coast of South Africa: one gonochoristic, the 'santer' sea bream Cheimerius nufar, and one protogynous (female-first) sex changer, the 'slinger' sea bream Chrysoblephus puniceus. For both species, no evidence of genetic structuring, nor significant variation in genetic diversity, was found in the study area. Estimates of contemporary Ne were significantly lower in the protogynous species, but the same pattern was not apparent over historical timescales. Overall, our results show that sequential hermaphroditism may affect Ne differently over varying time frames, and that demographic signatures inferred from genetic markers with different inheritance modes also need to be interpreted cautiously, in relation to sex-changing life histories.
Data from: Population characteristics, mechanisms of primary care and premature mortality in England: a cross-sectional study
Objectives. Health systems with strong primary care tend to have better population outcomes, but in many countries demand for care is growing. We sought to identify mechanisms of primary care that influence premature mortality. Design. We developed a conceptual model of the mechanisms by which primary care influences premature mortality, and undertook a cross-sectional study in which population and primary care variables reflecting the model were used to explain variations in mortality under aged 75 years. The premature standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for each practice, available from the Department of Health, had been calculated from numbers of deaths in the five years 2006-10. A regression model was undertaken with explanatory variables for the year 2009/10, and repeated to check stability using data for 2008/09 and 2010/11. Setting: All general practices in England were eligible for inclusion, and of the total of 8290, complete data were available for 7858. Results. Population variables, particularly deprivation, were the most powerful predictors of premature mortality, but the mechanisms of primary care depicted in our model also affected mortality. The number of GPs/1000 population and detection of hypertension were negatively associated with mortality. In less deprived practices, continuity of care was also negatively associated with mortality. Conclusions. Greater supply of primary care is associated with lower premature mortality even in a health system that has strong primary care (England). Health systems need to sustain the capacity of primary care to deliver effective care, and should assist primary care providers in identifying and meeting the needs of socio-economically deprived groups.
Data from: Genome-wide association study for body weight in cattle populations from Siberia
Body weight is a complex trait in cattle associated with commonly used commercial breeding measurements related to growth. Although many quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body weight have been identified in cattle so far, searching for genetic determinants in different breeds or environments is promising. Therefore, we carried out a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in two cattle populations from the Russian Federation (Siberian region) using the GGP HD150K array containing 139 376 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Association tests for 107 550 SNPs left after filtering revealed five statistically significant SNPs on BTA5, considering a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. The chromosomal region containing these five SNPs contains the CCND2 gene, which was previously associated with average daily weight gain and body mass index in US beef cattle populations and in humans respectively. Our study is the first GWAS for body weight in beef cattle populations from the Russian Federation. The results provided here suggest that, despite the existence of breed‐ and species‐specific QTL, the genetic architecture of body weight could be evolutionarily conserved in mammals.
Data from: Incidence and fatality of serious suicide attempts in a predominantly rural population in Shandong, China: a public health surveillance study
Objectives: To estimate the incidence of serious suicide attempts (SSAs, defined as suicide attempts resulting in either death or hospitalisation) and to examine factors associated with fatality among these attempters. Design: A surveillance study of incidence and mortality. Linked data from two public health surveillance systems were analysed. Setting: Three selected counties in Shandong, China. Participants: All residents in the three selected counties. Outcome: measures Incidence rate (per 100 000 person-years) and case fatality rate (%). Methods: Records of suicide deaths and hospitalisations that occurred among residents in selected counties during 2009–2011 (5 623 323 person-years) were extracted from electronic databases of the Disease Surveillance Points (DSP) system and the Injury Surveillance System (ISS) and were linked by name, sex, residence and time of suicide attempt. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to examine the factors associated with a higher or lower fatality rate. Results: The incidence of SSAs was estimated to be 46 (95% CI 44 to 48) per 100 000 person-years, which was 1.5 times higher in rural versus urban areas, slightly higher among females, and increased with age. Among all SSAs, 51% were hospitalised and survived, 9% were hospitalised but later died and 40% died with no hospitalisation. Most suicide deaths (81%) were not hospitalised and most hospitalised SSAs (85%) survived. The fatality rate was 49% overall, but was significantly higher among attempters living in rural areas, who were male, older, with lower education or with a farming occupation. With regard to the method of suicide, fatality was lowest for non-pesticide poisons (7%) and highest for hanging (97%). Conclusions: The incidence of serious suicide attempts is substantially higher in rural areas than in urban areas of China. The risk of death is influenced by the attempter's sex, age, education level, occupation, method used and season of year.
Data from: New insights into the dynamics between reef corals and their associated dinoflagellate endosymbionts from population genetic studies.
The mutualistic symbioses between reef-building corals and micro-algae form the basis of coral reef ecosystems, yet recent environmental changes threaten their survival. Diversity in host-symbiont pairings on the sub-species level could be an unrecognized source of functional variation in response to stress. The Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, associates predominantly with one symbiont species (Symbiodinium 'fitti'), facilitating investigations of individual-level (genotype) interactions. Individual genotypes of both host and symbiont were resolved across the entire range of the species. Most colonies of a particular animal genotype were dominated by one symbiont genotype (or strain) that may persist in the host for decades or more. While Symbiodinium are primarily clonal, the occurrence of recombinant genotypes indicates sexual recombination is the source of this genetic variation, and some evidence suggests this happens within the host. When these data are examined at spatial scales spanning the entire distribution of A. palmata, gene flow among animal populations was an order of magnitude greater than among populations of the symbiont. This suggests that independent micro-evolutionary processes created dissimilar population genetic structures between host and symbiont. The lower effective dispersal exhibited by the dinoflagellate raises questions regarding the extent to which populations of host and symbiont can co-evolve during times of rapid and substantial climate change. However, these findings also support a growing body of evidence suggesting that genotype by genotype interactions may provide significant physiological variation; influencing the adaptive potential of symbiotic reef corals to severe selection.
Data from: Musculoskeletal pain as a marker of health quality. Findings from the epidemiological sleep study among the adult population of São Paulo city
Background: We are witnessing the growth of urban populations, particularly in the developing world. São Paulo, the largest city in South America, continues to grow, and this growth is dramatically effecting the environment and human health. The aim of this study was to estimate the point prevalence of chronic pain in São Paulo city dwellers and to explore the influence of aspects related to urbanicity. Methods: A two-stage cluster randomized sample included 1100 individuals of the city of Sao Paulo, representing the population proportionally in terms of gender, age and social classes in 2007. For this observational cross-sectional study, the household sample was interviewed using validated questionnaires for sociodemographic aspects, the Beck inventories for anxiety and depression, the WHOQoL-REF for quality of life, the Chalder Fatigue Scale. Musculoskeletal pain was defined as diffuse pain or pain located in the back, joints or limbs. Data regarding sleep complaints and polysomnography were obtained from the Epidemiologic Sleep Study conducted in São Paulo city in 2007. Results: The prevalence estimate of chronic musculoskeletal pain was approximately 27%, with a female/male ratio of approximately 2.6/1. The predictors were being in the age-range of 30–39 years, low socioeconomic and schooling levels, obesity, sedentarism, fatigue, non-restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, poor life quality, anxiety and depression symptoms. Psychological wellbeing was the main discriminator between responders with chronic musculoskeletal pain and the controls, followed by depression for the participants with poor psychological wellbeing, and fatigue, for the remaining ones. Insomnia syndrome was the third-level discriminator for those with fatigue, whereas sleep quality for those without fatigue. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain was frequently reported by São Paulo city dwellers and its correlates with psychological and sleep aspects are suggestive of a response to urbanicity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00596713
Data from: The effects of inference method, population sampling and gene sampling on species tree inferences: an empirical study in slender salamanders (Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps)
Species tree methods are now widely used to infer the relationships among species from multi-locus datasets. Many methods have been developed, which differ in whether gene and species trees are estimated simultaneously or sequentially, and in how gene trees are used to infer the species tree. While these methods perform well on simulated data, less is known about what impacts their performance on empirical data. We used a dataset including five nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene for 22 species of Batrachoseps to compare the effects of method of analysis, within-species sampling and gene sampling on species tree inferences. For this dataset, the choice of inference method had the largest effect on the species tree topology. Exclusion of individual loci had large effects in *BEAST and STEM, but not in MP-EST. Different loci carried the greatest leverage in these different methods, showing that the causes of their disproportionate effects differ. Even though substantial information was present in the nuclear loci, the mitochondrial gene dominated the *BEAST species tree. This leverage is inherent to the mtDNA locus and results from its high variation and lower assumed ploidy. This mtDNA leverage may be problematic when mtDNA has undergone introgression, as is likely in this dataset. By contrast, the leverage of RAG1 in STEM analyses does not reflect properties inherent to the locus, but rather results from a gene tree that is strongly discordant with all others, and is best explained by introgression between distantly related species. Within-species sampling was also important, especially in *BEAST analyses, as shown by differences in tree topology across 100 subsampled datasets. Despite the sensitivity of the species tree methods to multiple factors, five species groups, the relationships among these, and some relationships within them, are generally consistently resolved for Batrachoseps.
The effect of inter-and intraspecific competition on individual and population niche widths – a four-decade study on two interacting salmonids
<p>Competition is assumed to shape niche widths, affecting species survival and coexistence. Expectedly, high interspecific competition will reduce population niche widths, whereas high intraspecific competition will do the opposite. Here we test in situ how intra- and interspecific competition affects trophic resource use and the individual and population niche widths of two lacustrine fish species, Arctic charr and brown trout, covering a 40 year study period with highly contrasting competitive impacts prior to and following a large-scale fish culling experiment. Initially, an overcrowded Arctic charr population dominated the study system, with brown trout being nearly absent. The culling experiment reduced the littoral Arctic charr density by 80%, whereupon brown trout gradually increased its density in the system. Thus, over the study period, the Arctic charr population went from high to low intraspecific competition, followed by increasing interspecific competition with brown trout. As hypothesized, the relaxed intraspecific competition following the experimental culling reduced individual diet specialization and compressed population niche width of Arctic charr. During the initial increase of the brown trout population, there was a large dietary overlap between the two species. Over the subsequent intensified interspecific competition from the population build-up of brown trout, their trophic niche overlap chiefly declined due to a dietary shift of Arctic charr towards enhanced zooplankton consumption. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the individual and population niche widths of Arctic charr increased with intensified interspecific competition. In contrast, the diet and niche width of brown trout remained stable over time, confirming its competitive superiority. The large-scale culling experiment and associated long-term research revealed pronounced temporal dynamics in trophic niche and resource use of the inferior competitor, substantiating that intra- and interspecific competition have large and contrasting impacts on individual and population niches.</p>
FIGURE 6 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 6. Principal component analyses (PCA) for cnidome (A) and morphology (B). Note that the minimum and maximum cases in A (arrows) do not match with minimum and maximum cases in B. Most similar cases marked by dashed circles.
FIGURE 7. Haplotype parsimony networks for ITS1 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 7. Haplotype parsimony networks for ITS1+5.8S (A) and COI (B) for the different populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Black circles for the Argentine haplotypes, white ones for Brazilian localities; the sizes of the circles are proportional to the number of localities sharing the haplotype; small black circles represent hypothetical or unsampled haplotypes. Lines connecting circles represent one substitution step. Note that A BO/MP samples differ from JU/PA/BO only by an indel of three base pairs (AAT/– – –). Locality codes are represented inside the circles as MA: Macaé, JU: Juréia, PA: Paraná, BO: Bombas, MP: Mar del Plata.
FIGURE 2 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 2. Sampled localities of the specimens used in morphological and molecular analyses. White circles are localities whose samples were used in morphological analyses; black circles for both morphological and molecular analyses; grey circle for molecular analyses only. RJ—State of Rio de Janeiro; SP—State of São Paulo, PR—State of Paraná, SC—State of Santa Catarina.
FIGURE 3 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 3. Different types of nematocysts documented under light microscopy. A: O-basitrichous isorhizas, B: basitrichous isorhizas, C: desmonemes, D: large stenoteles, E: small stenoteles.
FIGURE 1 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 1. Worldwide distribution of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (data from Agassiz 1862; Allman 1871; Allen 1900; Torrey 1902; Stechow 1907, 1925; Hargitt 1927; Ewer 1953; Millard 1959, 1966, 1975; Yamada 1959; Rees 1963; Brinckmann-Voss 1970; Calder 1971; Schmidt 1971; Watson 1980, 1982; Migotto & da Silveira 1987; Hirohito 1988; Petersen 1990; Schuchert 1996; Bouillon et al. 2004; Genzano 2005).
FIGURE 5. Histological sections documented under light microscopy. A in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 5. Histological sections documented under light microscopy. A: transversal section at the base of oral tentacles, where they are still adnate to hypostome. B: transversal section of the oral tentacles showing their circular shape. C: oblique section of the aboral tentacles showing the squared section of the cells constituting that. D: transversal section at distal region of hydrocaulus showing its division into two longitudinal chambers. Legends on figures: HO, hypostome; OT, oral tentacle; AT, aboral tentacle; S, septum; C, chamber; P, perisarc.
FIGURE 4 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 4. Morphological traits of gonophores (A–D, scanning electronic microscopy) and actinulae (E, light microscopy). A: Oral-lateral view of the hydranth with its blastostyles of male gonophores. B: Detail of the blastostyles with male gonophores. C: Female gonophore with the apical crests on top. D: Female gonophore liberating an actinula. E: Liberated actinula with capitate aboral tentacles. Legends on figures: Gn, gonophore; Ac, actinulae; S, spadix.
Data for study " Future Climate Change Impacts on Rice in Uttar Pradesh, India's Most Populous Agrarian State "
<p>Crop management practicrs used to calibrate the DSSAT for Uttar Pradesh. The rice genetic coefficients for various rice varieties/ cultivars are also available here.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear. in Tragulidae
Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.