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11,983 results for “africa”
Geochemistry and chronology of lunar KREEP-rich regolith breccia meteorite Northwest Africa 4485: Implications for the Imbrium impact event and high alkali suite
<p>The dataset includes chemical composition, chronology, and spectral data of lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 4485 (Table 1 and Table 2, Table S1 to S4) for the manuscript "Geochemistry and chronology of lunar KREEP-rich regolith breccia meteorite Northwest Africa 4485: Implications for the Imbrium impact event and high alkali suite".</p>
Data from: A 3D geometric morphometric analysis of the bovid distal humerus, with special reference to Rusingoryx atopocranion (Pleistocene, Eastern Africa)
<p>The family Bovidae [Mammalia: Artiodactyla] is speciose and has extant representatives on every continent, forming key components of mammal communities. For these reasons, bovids are ideal candidates for studies of ecomorphology. In particular, the morphology of the bovid humerus has been identified as highly related to functional variables such as body mass and habitat. This study investigates the functional morphology of the bovid distal humerus in isolation due to its increased likelihood of preservation in the fossil record, and the resulting opportunity for better understanding the ecomorphology of extinct bovids. A landmark scheme of 30 landmarks was used to capture the 3D distal humerus morphology in 111 extant bovid specimens. We find that the distal humerus has identifiable morphologies associated with body mass, habitat preference, and tribe affiliation, and that some characteristics are shared between high body mass bovids and those living on hard, flat terrain which is likely due to the high stress on the bone in both cases. We directly apply our findings regarding extant bovids to the extinct alcelaphine bovid, <em>Rusingoryx</em> <em>atopocranion</em> from the mid to late Pleistocene (>33-45 ka) Lake Victoria region of Kenya. This species is known for some peculiar morphologies including a domed cranium with hollow nasal crests, and having small hooves for a bovid of its size. Another interesting aspect of <em>Rusingoryx</em>'s skeletal morphology which has not been addressed is an unusual protrusion on the lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus. Despite considerable individual variation in the <em>Rusingoryx</em> specimens, we find evidence to support its historical assignment to the tribe Alcelaphini, and that it likely preferred open grassland habitats, which is consistent with independent reconstructions of the paleoenvironment. We also provide the most accurate body mass estimate for <em>Rusingoryx</em> to date, based on distal humerus centroid size. Overall, we are able to conclude that the distal humerus in extant bovids is highly informative regarding body mass, habitat preference and tribe, and that this can be applied directly to a fossil taxon with promising results.</p>
Genomic surveillance of Enterococcus faecalis in South Africa
<p>efaecalis_raw_reads.tar.gz <br>- Tar of Illumina raw reads from E. faecalis isolates S92, S101, S109, S111, S116, S119, S121, S131, S134.</p> <p>public_efaecalis_genomes.txt<br>- A list of genome ncbi accessions used in the study.</p>
Data from: Year-round carryover effects are driven by migration phenology for Hirundo rustica (Barn Swallow) wintering in West Africa
<p>Recently, population declines have been reported for many migratory birds. Because of complex life cycles, determining the causes for such declines is often difficult. Thus, migratory birds are of special conservation interest. We studied the migratory behavior of barn swallows Hirundo rustica tagged with solar geolocators and determined carryover effects during the entire annual cycle from one breeding season to the next. We used a Partial Least Square Path Model (PLS-PM) to disentangle migratory and breeding events that occur in chronological order. In addition, we controlled for broad environmental conditions in the wintering grounds (NDVI and latitude) and the specific moulting habitat (δ13C). We did not find a carryover effect from reproduction investment in the attachment year to breeding success in the subsequent year. Individuals which invested more in reproduction departed earlier from the breeding colonies, but this in turn did not affect the onset of autumn migration. Thus, the pre-migratory period should be acting as a buffer stage counteracting any previous carryover effects from reproduction investment. On the other hand, we found a long-lasting domino effect from the onset of autumn migration to subsequent breeding success, consistent with the notion of a migratory race. Specifically, individuals which started earlier the autumn migration, arrived earlier to the wintering grounds, started earlier the spring migration, arrived earlier to the breeding colonies and had a higher breeding success. We highlight that the pre-migratory period (i.e., the time elapsed between departure from breeding areas and the onset of autumn migration) should be important for the lifecycle of migratory species, but it has been frequently overlooked.</p>
Figures 32 in Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXXI. Two new genera from Somaliland: gen n gen n (Buthidae)
Figures 32. Sahil elmii gen. et sp. n., tYpe localitY, Somaliland, Laas Dhuure Village.
Figure 1 in Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXXI. Two new genera from Somaliland: gen n gen n (Buthidae)
Figure 1. Sanaag maidensis (KovařÍk et al., 2018) comb. n., male paratYpe in vivo habitus.
Observation of the green hairy field spider Neoscona rufipalpis (Lucas, 1858) in South Africa (Araneae: Araneidae)
<p><em>Neoscona rufipalpis</em> (Lucas, 1858) was one of the Araneidae species sampled during the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA). It is a species with a wide global distribution throughout the Afrotropical Region. Observations on their behaviour, colour variation and distribution are discussed.</p>
Observations on the five-spot round-headed spider Uroctea quinquenotata Simon, 1910, from South Africa.
<p>We present notes of the five-spot round-headed spiders <em>Uroctea quinquenotata</em> Simon, 1910 from South Africa. The general morphology of live specimens is discussed with notes on their behaviour, distribution, and conservation status.</p>
Notes on the false button spider Steatoda capensis Hann, 1990 in South Africa (Araneae: Theridiidae)
<p>The false button spider <em>Steatoda capensis</em> was described as <em>Teutana lepida</em> by O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 from the Cape Peninsula. As the name lepida was preoccupied, a replacement name <em>Steatoda capensis</em> was provided. The species is known from southern Africa but was introduced to St. Helena, Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii. The general morphology of both sexes of the species is discussed, as well as the colour variations with photographs of live specimens and notes on their lifestyle and distribution in South Africa. Although not severe, <em>S. capensis</em> can produce a painful bite.</p>
OBSERVATION ON THREE FLOWER CRAB SPIDERS (ARANEAE: THOMISIDAE: THOMISUS) FROM SOUTH AFRICA
<p>The general behaviour of three crab spider species <em>Thomisus citrinellus</em> Simon, 1875, <em>T. daradioides</em> Simon, 1890 and <em>T. stenningi</em> Pocock, 1900 are discussed. They are common flower dwellers found in gardens. With their strong front legs, prey are grabbed, and overpowered by their strong venom enabling them to kill prey that are frequently 2-4 times their size. They prey on seven insect orders and flies were the most commonly caught prey followed by bees. Most of the prey (79%) are caught in the neck region. They can change colour but only 53% of the spider were found on flowers of the same colour.</p>
Fig 3 in Fish distribution pattern and environmental influence in the Bandama River estuary (West Africa)
Fig 3: Correlations between fish species and environmental variables in the Bandama River estuary.
Fig 2 in Fish distribution pattern and environmental influence in the Bandama River estuary (West Africa)
Fig 2: Distribution of species by station in the PNA area according to their ecological categories.
Fig 1 in Fish distribution pattern and environmental influence in the Bandama River estuary (West Africa)
Fig 1: Map showing the different fish sampling points in the Bandama River estuary.
FIGURE 4 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 4 (Continued)
FIGURE 2 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 2 (Continued)
Figure 2 in Post-Gondwana Africa and the vertebrate history of the Angolan Atlantic Coast
Figure 2. Location map of major fossil localities and cities in Angola.
Fig. 2 in A New Pufferfish, Torquigener heemstrai from South Africa (Acanthopterygii, Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae)
Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of lateral line system of Torquigener heemstrai n. sp.
Freshwater ecosystem transitions due to artisanal sand mining in Rwanda, Africa
<p>Artisanal small-scale mining (ASM) of sand, gravel and crushed stones plays an economically important role through its value as a ‘development mineral’ for a growing population in sub-saharan Africa. The extracted material is used in developing and expanding urban areas and infrastructure and provides income for the population involved in the sector. However, the extraction of aggregates has shown to have large and often complex ecological and socio-economical consequences with potential significant health effects on the miners and the environment in which the mining takes place. Furthermore, the extent in which these negative effects do arise from ASM in sub-Saharan still remains anecdotal and are largely unknown. Here we show that ASM in a river channel in central Rwanda causes a systemic shift in freshwater biodiversity by changing species assemblages from being riverine towards communities representing standing waters. Based on 101 point samples, we find that ponds created due to mining activities act as habitats for freshwater insects associated with wetland habitats. Furthermore, these mining ponds did also act as breeding sites for mosquitoes and thereby potentially increase the presence of vector borne diseases such as malaria. These findings show how ASM can generate a landscape level shift in freshwater biodiversity and introduces the apparent paradox that while aggregates are critical building blocks in mitigating malaria transmissions and prevalence through improved housing, the mining practices unwillingly can create new breeding ground for malaria mosquitos, thus increasing the risk of malaria spreading to nearby communities.</p>
Data for "Unusually Low Dust Activity in North Africa in June 2023: Causes, Impacts and Future Projections"
<p>Datasets for manuscript entitled "Unusually Low Dust Activity in North Africa in June 2023: Causes, Impacts and Future Projections"</p>
Data from: Out of Africa to Madagascar - then back? Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of tribe Tarchonantheae (Asteraceae: Tarchonanthoideae)
<p>Premise of research. Molecular data have revolutionized inferences of phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of flowering plants. Two small genera, Brachylaena and Tarchonanthus, are the only members of Asteraceae tribe Tarchonantheae (subfamily Tarchonanthoideae). The tribe is morphologically distinct within Asteraceae and is resolved as monophyletic with molecular markers. It is distributed in southern Africa and Madagascar. The purposes of the present study were to determine whether molecular data resolve the two genera as monophyletic and to infer the origin and dispersals that produced the current distribution of the tribe.</p> <p>Methodology. Sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS and plastid rpl16 intron were analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the tribe. An ancestral trait reconstruction assessed the likely ancestral range for Tarchonantheae using BioGeoBEARS, and BEAST was used for dating divergence.</p> <p>Pivotal results. We resolved Tarchonanthus as a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, making the latter genus paraphyletic. All Malagasy species occurred within a strongly supported clade, but also resolved within the clade was the widely distributed African species Brachylaena huillensis. This indicates two dispersal events between Africa and Madagascar—either a single dispersal to Madagascar, followed by back dispersal to Africa, or two independent dispersals from Africa. </p> <p>Conclusions. Tarchonanthus is a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic. An initial dispersal of Brachylaena from Africa to Madagascar with subsequent speciation, followed by back dispersal to Africa, with minimal morphological divergence between the African species and its sister species in Madagascar could explain the current distribution of Brachylaena. Alternatively, there may have been two dispersal events to Madagascar from Africa during the Miocene, but all within the same subclade. Dispersal of flowering plants back to Africa from Madagascar is very rare, if not unprecedented. These dispersal events, and most diversification within the tribe, including the divergence of Tarchonanthus and Brachylaena, took place during the Miocene.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.