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FIGURES 12–13 in A remarkable new species of Sinotilla Lelej (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Smicromyrmini) from Taiwan and an overview of color diversity in East Asian mutillid females

FIGURES 12–13. Sinotilla spp., ♀, head. 12. S. ohbayashii Okayasu, 2017, holotype, lateral view (from Okayasu 2017); 13. S. nigrothoracica sp. nov., holotype, postero-lateral view. Scales: 12 = 0.5 mm, 13 = 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 15-59 in A remarkable new species of Sinotilla Lelej (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Smicromyrmini) from Taiwan and an overview of color diversity in East Asian mutillid females

FIGURES 15-59. Dorsal habitus of females with the Black-headed Color Syndrome (BHCS). Scale bars represent actual specimen length. See Materials and Methods for specimen data.

FIGURES 1–2 in A remarkable new species of Sinotilla Lelej (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Smicromyrmini) from Taiwan and an overview of color diversity in East Asian mutillid females

FIGURES 1–2. Sinotilla nigrothoracica sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus. 1. Dorsal view; 2. lateral view. Scales = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 42–55 in Revisiting the diversity of Ludioctenus Fairmaire (Elateridae: Agrypninae), with description of a new species from Afghanistan, and discussion on the systematic position of Tetrigusina

FIGURES 42–55. Ludioctenus pakistanicus Schimmel & Tarnawski, 2012, holotype, male. 42, habitus, dorsal view; 43, habitus, ventral view; 44, habitus, lateral view; 45, antenna; 46, pronotum; 47, scutellar shield; 48, interior part of metacoxal plate, 49, abdominal sternite VIII; 50, abdominal tergite VIII; 51, abdominal sternite IX; 52, abdominal sternite X; 53, abdominal tergites IX–X; 54, aedeagus, dorsal view; 55, aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars = 5.0 mm (Figs 42–44), 2.0 mm (Fig. 45–46), 1.0 mm (Figs 47–55).

FIGURES 29–41 in Revisiting the diversity of Ludioctenus Fairmaire (Elateridae: Agrypninae), with description of a new species from Afghanistan, and discussion on the systematic position of Tetrigusina

FIGURES 29–41. Ludioctenus cyprius (Baudi di Selve, 1871), female (Greece). 29, habitus, dorsal view; 30, habitus, ventral view; 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum; 34, scutellar shield; 35, interior part of metacoxal plate, 36, abdominal tergite VII; 37, abdominal tergite VIII and sternite VIII, ventral view; 38, abdominal tergite VIII and sternite VIII, dorsal view; 39, ovipositor, ventral view; 40, ovipositor, dorsal view; 41, female genital tract. Scale bars = 5.0 mm (Figs 29–31, 33), 2.0 mm (Fig. 32–40), 1.0 mm (Figs 34–35, 41).

FIGURES 1–14 in Revisiting the diversity of Ludioctenus Fairmaire (Elateridae: Agrypninae), with description of a new species from Afghanistan, and discussion on the systematic position of Tetrigusina

FIGURES 1–14. Ludioctenus afghanicus sp. nov., holotype, male. 1, habitus, dorsal view; 2, habitus, ventral view; 3, habitus, lateral view; 4, antenna; 5, pronotum; 6, scutellar shield; 7, interior part of metacoxal plate, 8, abdominal sternite VIII; 9, abdominal tergite VIII; 10, abdominal sternite IX; 11, abdominal sternite X; 12, abdominal tergites IX–X; 13, aedeagus, dorsal view; 14, aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars = 5.0 mm (Figs 1–3, 5), 2.0 mm (Fig. 4), 1.0 mm (Figs 6–14).

FIGURES 56–61. 56 in Revisiting the diversity of Ludioctenus Fairmaire (Elateridae: Agrypninae), with description of a new species from Afghanistan, and discussion on the systematic position of Tetrigusina

FIGURES 56–61. 56, Ludioctenus pakistanicus Schimmel & Tarnawski, 2012, paratype, male? (India), pronotum; 57–61 L. pakistanicus, paratype, female (Pakistan). 57, pronotum; 58, ovipositor; 59, abdominal sternite VIII; 60, female genital tract; 61, abdominal tergite VIII. Scale bars = 5.0 mm (Figs 56–57), 2.0 mm (Figs 58–61).

FIGURES 15–28 in Revisiting the diversity of Ludioctenus Fairmaire (Elateridae: Agrypninae), with description of a new species from Afghanistan, and discussion on the systematic position of Tetrigusina

FIGURES 15–28. Ludioctenus cyprius (Baudi di Selve, 1871), male (Greece). 15, habitus, dorsal view; 16, habitus, ventral view; 17, habitus, lateral view; 18, antenna; 19, pronotum; 20, scutellar shield; 21, interior part of metacoxal plate, 22, abdominal sternite VIII; 23, abdominal tergite VIII; 24, abdominal sternite IX; 25, abdominal sternite X; 26, abdominal tergites IX–X; 27, aedeagus, ventral view; 28, aedeagus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 5.0 mm (Figs 15–17, 19), 2.0 mm (Fig. 18), 1.0 mm (Figs 20–28).

FIGURE 6 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)

FIGURE 6. Distribution of the five species of the N. melanoleuca complex. A full list of voucher specimens beyond those included in multivariate analyses and Appendix 2 is available on request from the first author.

FIGURE 1 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood mitochondrial phylogeny of the Naja melanoleuca complex. Node support values indicate % bootstrap support; support values for the most distal nodes not shown. Country abbreviations: CAR = Central African Republic, DRC = Democratic Republic of Congo, KZN = KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, RoC = Republic of Congo. Mitochondrial candidate species (CS) are shown in the same colours as in Figures 2–4. For specimen information see Appendix 1.

FIGURE 5 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)

FIGURE 5. Naja (Boulengerina) guineensis sp. nov. Left and top right: holotype, MNHN 1921.0485, dorsal and ventral view and side view of head. Note extensive mottling of throat and anterior ventral side and limited posterior extent of lighter ventral markings. Bottom right: live adult specimen measuring approximately 200 cm total length, from Sekondi-Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana, displaying dark suffusion of throat and anterior venter (not preserved; photo L. Chirio).

FIGURE 4 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)

FIGURE 4. Ordination of individual specimens and OTU centroids of four of the mitochondrially defined candidate species of the N. melanoleuca complex along the first two canonical variates. CS5-peroescobari was omitted due to the small available sample size. Canonical variates 1 and 2 account for 57.9 and 22.8% of total variance, respectively. Enlarged symbols indicate OTU centroids.

FIGURE 3 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)

FIGURE 3. Ordination of individual specimens in a Principal Coordinates Analysis of standardised multilocus distances of PRLR and UBN1 scnDNA sequence data. (a) All specimens; (b) Analysis repeated under exclusion of CS2 and CS3.

FIGURE 8 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)

FIGURE 8. Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca. Adult specimens from Yaoundé, Cameroon (left—photo J.-F. Trape) and Tsibilé, Gabon (right—photo L. Chirio). Note the diffuse but distinct hood mark that is often present in this species, and the combination of broad main bands and narrow accessory bands on the ventral side.

FIGURE 9 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)

FIGURE 9. Naja (Boulengerina) subfulva. Variation in colour and pattern. Top left: specimen from Kakamega, western Kenya, illustrating the typically deep black and white specimens with strong facial markings from the periphery of Lake Victoria. Bottom left: specimen from Chuka, Mount Kenya, Kenya, illustrating an extreme of the brown forebody and reduced facial pigmentation typical of the species in much of its range. Photos W. Wüster, courtesy Royjan Taylor / Bio-Ken snake farm live collection, Watamu, Kenya. Right: specimen from Bamenda, Cameroon, representing the form described by Stucki-Stirn (1979) as Naja melanoleuca aurata. Note the indistinct ventral bands and the lack of accessory ventral bands, as is typical of this species. Photo J.-F. Trape.

FIGURE 7 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)

FIGURE 7. Naja (Boulengerina) savannula sp. nov. Top row and bottom left: holotype, MNHN 2018.0002. Bottom right: live specimen from Kindia, Guinea, showing conspicuous, broad dorsal bands and ventral banding, including narrow accessory bands (not vouchered). Photos J.-F. Trape.

FIGURE 2 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)

FIGURE 2. Haplotype networks for single copy nuclear loci. (a) PRLR; (b) UBN1. Small black circles indicate unsampled haplotypes.

FIGURE 12 in Unveiling species diversity in collared frogs through morphological and bioacoustic evidence: a new Mannophryne (Amphibia, Aromobatidae) from Sierra de Aroa, northwestern Venezuela, and an amended definition and call description of M. herminae (Boettger, 1893)

FIGURE 12. Advertisement call of Mannophryne herminae. Oscillogram (a) and spectrogram (b) of a 5 s fragment of the call. Detailed view of the oscillogram (c) and spectrogram (d) of a 1 s section of the same recording.

FIGURE 8 in Unveiling species diversity in collared frogs through morphological and bioacoustic evidence: a new Mannophryne (Amphibia, Aromobatidae) from Sierra de Aroa, northwestern Venezuela, and an amended definition and call description of M. herminae (Boettger, 1893)

FIGURE 8. César Ramón Molina Rodriguez (1960–2015) with an amplectant couple of the critically endangered Rancho Grande Harlequin Frog Atelopus cruciger in January 2010. We named Mannophryne molinai sp. nov. after him in a posthumous recognition of his friendship and contributions to the knowledge of the diversity and conservation of Venezuelan amphibians and reptiles. Photo: F.J.M. Rojas-Runjaic.

FIGURE 11 in Unveiling species diversity in collared frogs through morphological and bioacoustic evidence: a new Mannophryne (Amphibia, Aromobatidae) from Sierra de Aroa, northwestern Venezuela, and an amended definition and call description of M. herminae (Boettger, 1893)

FIGURE 11. Live specimens of Mannophryne herminae from San Esteban River, Carabobo state, Venezuela (near the type locality). Adult female, dorsolateral (a) and ventral (b) views; adult male, dorsolateral (c) and ventral (d) views. Photos: F.J.M. Rojas-Runjaic.