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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2015View details →

FIGURE 6 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 6. Representative Oleaceae (continued), Platanaceae, and Roseaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Fraxinus leaflet (UF 19210–062078), scale bar equals 1 cm. 2. Close-up of Figure 6.1 Fraxinus leaflet showing higher order venation, scale bar equals 5 mm. 3. Platanus occidentalis leaf (UF 19210–062079), scale bar equals 1 cm. 4. Platanus occidentalis fruit (UF 19211–062080), showing persistent style at arrow, scale bar equals 1 cm. 5. Crataegus leaf species 1 (UF19315–062081) similar to C. spatulatha, scale bar equals 5 mm. 6. Close-up of Figure 6.5 Crataegus leaf showing higher order venation, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 7. Crataegus species #2 leaf (UF 19210–062082), wedge-shaped lamina similar to C. floridana, compare with Figure 7.1, scale bar equals 5 mm. 8. Close-up of Figure 6.7 Crataegus leaf showing higher order venation, scale bar equals 2.5 mm.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Nov 2023View details →

D-PLACE dataset derived from Kreft and Jetz 2007 'Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity'

Cite the source of the dataset as: <blockquote> Kreft H, Jetz W. Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2007;104: 5925–5930. </blockquote>

opencc-zeroAug 2024View details →

Plant Growth Form Data from NMNH Botany specimens

Plant growth form data from specimen labels in the collections of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Botany Department, current version

Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands - Bejucos y plantas trepadoras de Puerto Rico e Islas Vírgenes: Vines

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

Data from: Strategies of resource sharing in clonal plants: A conceptual model and an example of contrasting strategies in two closely related species

These experimental data were collected to quantify amount of C and N translocated between mother and daughter ramets of two stoloniferous species. Data includes concentrations of 13-C and 15-N in plants samples originating from pulse-chase labelling, absolute amounts of the labels present, as well as dry mass of the samples. Details are described in the relevant paper.

Data: Plant-water relations of the genus Ocotea in Monteverde, Costa Rica

Study Site and Species: This study was conducted in a fragmented tropical pre-montane wet forest on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera de Tilarán mountains near Monteverde, Costa Rica (10.302379, -84.809142) between February and June 2010. We monitored plant-water relations on understory saplings of three evergreen tree species from the genus Ocotea (Lauraceae), including O. monteverdensis, O. whitei, and O. tenera. The terminal height and diameter at breast height of each individual was measured once at the start of the study. Climate: To characterize climate, bulk precipitation (S-RGB tipping bucket, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; S-LIA sensor, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD; S-THB temperature and relative humidity sensor, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA) were logged at a 20 min interval using a meteorological station (Hobo MicroStation, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA) set 1.5 m above ground in an open field ~200 m2 in size approximately 500 m from the site (10.3248°, -84.820047°, 1415 m asl). Soil Moisture: Simultaneous to monthly measurements of plant-water relations, soil moisture was measured (n = 10 observations per month) as a percent across 0-20 cm soil depth (Hydrosense, Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT). Plant-Water Relations: Pre-dawn (before 06:00) and midday (around 12:00) measurements of leaf water potential were measured using a pressure chamber (SAPS, Soil Moisture, Goleta, CA) on a monthly basis on the same 5 individuals of each species between February and June 2010. In February 2010, water potential measurements were also collected every 2 hrs for a 24-hr period to characterize diurnal patterns. Leaf pressure volume curves and stomatal conductance measurements are also available upon request.  These data are made available as formatted for PSInet: A global water potential network (https://psinetrcn.github.io/) Funding was provided by a National Geographic Society Young Explorers Grant to G.R. Goldsmith.

Interactions between enrichment planted seedlings and mature trees in selectively logged lowland dipterocarp forest - dataset

<div> <h2>Description</h2> Old-growth forests in Southeast Asia are dominated by trees of the Dipterocarpaceae family which are targeted by selective logging. Their traits (supra-annual mast fruiting, limited dispersal, and recalcitrant seeds that form no seed bank) mean they can have poor natural regeneration rates in some selectively logged forests. Enrichment planting is commonly used to overcome recruitment limitation and increase restoration success. However, it is still unclear what factors influence the success rate of planted seedlings, including the characteristics of the surrounding tree matrix and local neighbourhood. Here, we examine the growth and survival of 721 enrichment line-planted seedlings within 24 plots of the selectively logged forest of the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment, in Malaysian Borneo, in relation to their species identity and local neighbourhoods. We mapped the spatial location, size, and identity of nearly 5,000 surrounding matrix trees (≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height ) within a 10 m radius of focal planted seedlings in 2012 and 2015. We analysed levels of tree density-dependence (in terms of canopy openness and total basal area of surrounding matrix trees), asymmetric competition with naturally occurring trees (the proportion of total basal area within a 10 m radius belonging to the largest tree), and confamilial density-dependence (the proportion of total basal area within a 10 m radius belonging to dipterocarps) for each seedling. The following research questions were addressed: how do changes in (a) light availability, (b) local competition, (c) asymmetric competition, and (d) confamilial density-dependence affect the (1) growth and (2) survival of enrichment planted dipterocarp seedlings? To answer these questions, we mapped the tree size, identity (dipterocarp or non-dipterocarp), and spatial location of surrounding matrix trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm within a 10 m radius of each planted seedling. Column descriptions: tree.id: The ID of the tree in question. This takes the format [plot].[line].[number] with cohort (Old [O] or new [N]) at the end. IDPlots: The plot number the tree in question is located in. Line_number: The specific line within a plot that the tree in question is located in. sp.plot: Column specifying both the species and the plot number of the tree in question, separated by a period. sp.cohort: Column specifying both the species and the cohort of the tree in question, separated by a comma. richness: If the plot the tree is located in is a plot enrichment-planted with one (mono) or 16 species (sixteen). X_m: Relative x coordinate - the first position of Field-Map had x,y,z-coordinates (0,0,0). Y_m: Relative y coordinate. Z_m: Relative z coordinate. genus: The genus-level identity of the seedling. species: The species-level identity of the seedling survival: If the seedling was alive by 2015 (1 = alive, 0 = dead). planting.date: The date of planting of the seedling. survey_2002: the date of the survey for the 2002 census survey_2011: the date of the survey for the 2011 census. survey_2012: the date of the survey for the 2012 census. survey_2015: the date of the survey for the 2015 census. cohort: if this seedling was part of the initial planted cohort planted in 2002 (cohort 1) or the second cohort (cohort 2) which was planted later to replace those that had died. age_2002: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2002 age_2011: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2011 age_2012: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2012 age_2015: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2015 diam_2002: Basal diameter of seedling in 2002, measured in mm. diam_2011: Basal diameter of seedling in 2011, measured in mm. diam_2012: Basal diameter of seedling in 2012, measured in mm. diam_2015: Basal diameter of seedling in 2015, measured in mm. DBH_2002: DBH of seedling in 2002, measured in mm. DBH_2011: DBH of seedling in 2011, measured in mm. DBH_2012: DBH of seedling in 2012, measured in mm. DBH_2015: DBH of seedling in 2015, measured in mm. rgr_2002: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2002) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2002). rgr_2011: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2011) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2011). rgr_2012: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2012) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2012). openness: The average canopy openness score across 4 cardinal directions, taken during the second census. ba_total_5: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling ba_total_10: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling ba_total: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling ba_mean_5: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling ba_mean_10: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling ba_mean: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling dbh_max_5: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling dbh_max_10: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling dbh_max: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling no_trees_5: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling no_trees_10: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling no_trees: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling ba_total_5_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps ba_total_10_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling , considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps ba_total_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling , considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps ba_mean_5_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps ba_mean_10_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps ba_mean_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps dbh_max_5_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps dbh_max_10_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps dbh_max_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps no_trees_5_nondip: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps no_trees_10_nondip: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps no_trees_nondip: The number of trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps ba_total_5_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps ba_total_10_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps ba_total_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling , considering only surrounding dipterocarps ba_mean_5_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps ba_mean_10_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps ba_mean_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps dbh_max_5_dip: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps dbh_max_10_dip: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps dbh_max_dip: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps no_trees_5_dip: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps no_trees_10_dip: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps no_trees_dip: The number of trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps openness_log: the openness column now expressed on a natural log scale. ba_total_log: The ba_total column expressed on a natural log scale. ba_total_log_scaled: The ba_total_log column scaled using the scale() function (center = TRUE, scale = FALSE). prop_dip: The proportion of basal area of surrounding trees that belong to dipterocarps ba_max: The basal area of the largest tree, calculated as pi * ((dbh_max / 10) ^ 2) / 40000. prop_ba_max: the proportion of the basal area that belongs to the largest single tree <h2>Contact Person</h2> Ryan Veryard (ryan@veryard.co.uk) <h2>Funding</h2> These data were collected as part of research funded by: <ul> <li>National Environmental Research Council (Standard grant , NE/S007474/1 , <a href="https://www.environmental-research.ox.ac.uk/">https://www.environmental-research.ox.ac.uk/</a> )</li> <li>Agencia Estatal de Investigación de España (Standard grant , RYC2021-032049-I , <a href="https://www.aei.gob.es/">https://www.aei.gob.es/</a> )</li> <li>Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Standard grant , INTER-TRANSFER LTT17017 , <a href="https://msmt.gov.cz/">https://msmt.gov.cz/</a> )</li> </ul>   This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs. <h2>Files</h2> This dataset consists of 1 file: fieldmap_dataset.xlsx <h3>fieldmap_dataset.xlsx</h3> This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables: <h3>Interactions between enrichment planted seedlings and mature trees in selectively logged lowland dipterocarp forest - dataset</h3> <ul> <li>Worksheet: Fieldmap_data</li> <li>Description: Dataset for the published paper "Interactions between enrichment planted seedlings and mature trees in selectively logged lowland dipterocarp forest"</li> <li>Number of fields: 74</li> <li>Number of data rows: 721</li> <ul> <li>tree.id: The ID of the tree in question. This takes the format [plot].[line].[number] with cohort (Old [O] or new [N]) at the end. (type: replicate)</li> <li>IDPlots: The plot number the tree in question is located in. (type: location)</li> <li>Line_number: The specific line within a plot that the tree in question is located in. (type: numeric)</li> <li>richness: If the plot the tree is located in is a plot enrichment-planted with one (mono) or 16 species (sixteen). (type: ordered categorical)</li> <li>X_m: Relative x coordinate - the first position of Field-Map had x,y,z-coordinates (0,0,0). (type: numeric)</li> <li>Y_m: Relative y coordinate. (type: numeric)</li> <li>Z_m: Relative z coordinate. (type: numeric)</li> <li>genus: The genus-level identity of the seedling. (type: categorical)</li> <li>species: The species-level identity of the seedling (type: taxa)</li> <li>survival: If the seedling was alive by 2015 (1 = alive, 0 = dead). (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>planting.date: The date of planting of the seedling. (type: date)</li> <li>survey_2002: the date of the survey for the 2002 census (type: date)</li> <li>survey_2011: the date of the survey for the 2011 census. (type: date)</li> <li>survey_2012: the date of the survey for the 2012 census. (type: date)</li> <li>survey_2015: the date of the survey for the 2015 census. (type: date)</li> <li>cohort: if this seedling was part of the initial planted cohort planted in 2002 (cohort 1) or the second cohort (cohort 2) which was planted later to replace those that had died. (type: ordered categorical)</li> <li>age_2002: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2002 (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>age_2011: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2011 (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>age_2012: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2012 (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>age_2015: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2015 (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>diam_2002: Basal diameter of seedling in 2002, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>diam_2011: Basal diameter of seedling in 2011, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>diam_2012: Basal diameter of seedling in 2012, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>diam_2015: Basal diameter of seedling in 2015, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>DBH_2002: DBH of seedling in 2002, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>DBH_2011: DBH of seedling in 2011, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>DBH_2012: DBH of seedling in 2012, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>DBH_2015: DBH of seedling in 2015, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>rgr_2002: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2002) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2002). (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>rgr_2011: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2011) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2011). (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>rgr_2012: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2012) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2012). (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>openness: The average canopy openness score across 4 cardinal directions, taken during the second census. (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_5: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_10: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_5: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_10: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_5: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_10: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_5: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_10: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_5_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_10_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_5_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_10_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_5_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_10_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_5_nondip: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_10_nondip: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_nondip: The number of trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_5_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_10_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_5_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_10_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_5_dip: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_10_dip: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_dip: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_5_dip: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_10_dip: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_dip: The number of trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>openness_log: the openness column now expressed on a natural log scale. (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_log: The ba_total column expressed on a natural log scale. (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_log_scaled: The ba_total_log column scaled using the scale() function (center = TRUE, scale = FALSE). (type: numeric)</li> <li>prop_dip: The proportion of basal area of surrounding trees that belong to dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_max: The basal area of the largest tree, calculated as pi * ((dbh_max / 10) ^ 2) / 40000. (type: numeric)</li> <li>prop_ba_max: the proportion of the basal area that belongs to the largest single tree (type: numeric)</li> </ul> </ul> <h2>Extents</h2> <ul> <li>Date range: 2002-07-01 to 2015-05-28</li> <li>Latitudinal extent: 5.07° to 5.1°</li> <li>Longitudinal extent: 117.64° to 117.67°</li> </ul> <h2>Taxonomic coverage</h2> This dataset contains data associated with taxa and these have been validated against appropriate taxonomic authority databases. <h3>GBIF taxa details</h3> The following taxa were validated against the GBIF backbone dataset (version 2023-08-28). If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets. <div>&ensp;-&ensp;Plantae &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Tracheophyta &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Magnoliopsida &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Malvales &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Dipterocarpaceae &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Dipterocarpus &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Dipterocarpus conformis &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Dryobalanops &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Dryobalanops lanceolata &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Hopea &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Hopea ferruginea &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Hopea sangal &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Parashorea &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Parashorea malaanonan &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Parashorea warburgii (as synonym: Parashorea tomentella) &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea argentifolia &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea beccariana &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea faguetiana &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea gibbosa &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea johorensis &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea leprosula &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea macrophylla &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea macroptera &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea ovalis &ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;&ensp;-&ensp;Shorea parvifolia</div> </div>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

FIGURE 1 in Fish injuries resulting from transient operating conditions in a Brazilian hydropower plant: morphological, physiological and biochemical evaluation in Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

FIGURE 1 | Histological gill alterations in Pimelodus maculatus collected during transient operating conditions (magnification: × 400). Arrows indicate the following lesions: A. Aneurysm; B. Epithelium detachment; C. Telangiectasia; and D. Interlamellar hyperplasia.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

FIGURE 2 in Fish injuries resulting from transient operating conditions in a Brazilian hydropower plant: morphological, physiological and biochemical evaluation in Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

FIGURE 2 | Histological alterations in liver and spleen of Pimelodus maculatus collected during transient operating conditions in the tailrace of Machadinho HPP (magnification: × 400). Arrows and asterisks indicate the following lesions: A. Melanomacrophage centers (asterisk) and congested vein (arrow) in the liver; B. Blood cells indicating hepatic hemorrhage (asterisk); C. Melanomacrophage centers in the spleen (asterisk); D. Mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the spleen (arrow).

Figure 1 in Potential of indigenous plants seed extracts of Anisophyllea boehmii and Aframomum sanguineum from Burundi to protect against oil oxidation

Figure 1. Reduction of the oxidation of the oil subjected to the sun by the extract of A. sanguinum (CS: control sample).

Figure 4 in Potential of indigenous plants seed extracts of Anisophyllea boehmii and Aframomum sanguineum from Burundi to protect against oil oxidation

Figure 4. Reduction of oxidation of oil subjected to 180°C by the extract of A. sanguineum (CS: control sample).

Figure 3 in Potential of indigenous plants seed extracts of Anisophyllea boehmii and Aframomum sanguineum from Burundi to protect against oil oxidation

Figure 3. Reduction of oxidation of oil subjected to 180°C by the extract of A. boehmii (CS: control sample).

Figure 2 in Potential of indigenous plants seed extracts of Anisophyllea boehmii and Aframomum sanguineum from Burundi to protect against oil oxidation

Figure 2. Reduction of the oxidation of oil subjected to the sun by the extract of A.sanguineum (CS: control sample).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Global oil palm extent and planting year from 1990 to 2021

This repository contains a 10-m global oil palm extent layer for 2021 and a 30-m oil palm planting year layer from 1990 to 2021. The oil palm extent layer was produced using a convolutional neural network that identified industrial and smallholder plantations in Sentinel-1 data. The oil palm planting year was developed using a methodology specifically designed to detect the early stages of oil palm development in the Landsat time series.  The repository contains the following data: - Grid_OilPalm2016-2021.shp: shapefile that delineates the 609 grid cells of 100 x 100 km where oil palm was found. - GlobalOilPalm_OP-extent.zip: 609 raster tiles of 100x100 km in geotiff format. The raster files show the results of the deep learning classification at a spatial resolution of 10 meters. The classes are the following: [0] Other land covers that are not oil palm. [1] Industrial oil palm plantations [2] Smallholder oil palm plantations. - GlobalOilPalm_YoP.zip: 609 raster tiles of 100x100 km in geotiff format. The raster files depict the year of oil palm plantation. The raster files have a spatial resolution of 30 meters. - Validation_points_GlobalOP2016-2021.shp: shapefile that contains the 18,812 points used to validate the global oil palm extent 2016–2021 and the oil palm age layer. Each point includes the attribute ‘Class’, which is the class assigned by visual interpretation of sub-meter resolution images, and the attributes ‘OP2016-2021’ and ‘OP2019’, which show the mapped classes in the oil palm extent 2016–2021 (this dataset) and the global oil palm layer 2019 (Descals et al., 2021), respectively. These attributes contain the following class values: [0] Other land covers that are not oil palm. [1] Industrial oil palm plantations. [2] Smallholder oil palm plantations. The oil palm extent and the planting year can be visualized at: https://ee-globaloilpalm.projects.earthengine.app/view/global-oil-palm-planting-year-1990-2021. This web map allows for the inspection of Landsat time series and the visualization of historical satellite images for a given oil palm plantation. If you are interested in obtaining the GeoTIFF file for a specific region, please refer to this Google Earth Engine script, which shows the IDs of each tile: https://code.earthengine.google.com/284cf1dc974295c57fe55bccf5acd83e  Changelog v1.2: The validation dataset includes 1,000 additional points generated using stratified random sampling: 300 points for the class ‘smallholder oil palm’ and 700 points for ‘industrial oil palm’. The shapefile contains a new attribute, 'Sampling_type', which specifies whether the points were generated with simple or stratified random sampling.

Fig. 2 in Effect of common ornamental plants on the survivorship and fecundity of the Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Fig. 2. Survival curves of male (A, C, E) and female (B, D, F) Aedes albopictus exposed to different plant species, 10% sucrose, or water only. A and B refer to control groups; C and D refer to flowering plants; E and F refer to nonflowering plants.

Fig. 1 in Effect of common ornamental plants on the survivorship and fecundity of the Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Fig. 1. Common ornamental plants from urban areas used in survival and fecundity assays of adult Aedes albopictus.

Fig. 3 in Potential of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) as a host plant for Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Fig. 3. Mean trap capture for early instars (second and thirds), late instars (fourth and fifhs), and adults, and number of nymphs and adults per chinaberry and peach tree for brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) at the Bledsoe (A) and Byron (B) field sites in Georgia in 2018.

Fig. 2 in Potential of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) as a host plant for Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Fig. 2. Percentage feeding of H. halys second instars on chinaberry leaves and a carrot slice (i.e., control) (A), and percentage mortality of these second instars feeding on chinaberry leaves and carrot (B). Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference (P <0.05) between the 2 treatments at the same point in time. Error bar represents standard error of the mean.

Fig. 1 in Potential of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) as a host plant for Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Fig. 1. Percentage feeding of of H. halys first instars on chinaberry leaves and carrots combined. Days with the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P> 0.05). Error bar represents standard error of the mean.

Fig. 2 in LED grow lights alter sorghum growth and sugarcane aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) plant interactions in a controlled environment

Fig. 2. Growth characteristics of grain sorghum grown under conventional lighting (A) from within an environmental chamber, fitted with a W2238 LED grow panel (B and C, see Fig. 1 for light spectrum measured), and for sorghum cv MORHC 858, DKS 37-07, TX 2783, and WSH117 afer 21 d in a growth chamber fitted with a W2238 LED grow panel.