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opennotspecifiedMar 2021View details →

Figure 3 in The role of artificial ponds in maintaining dragonfly populations in an intensified farmland landscape. A case of study in Zamora, Spain

Figure 3. MDS two-dimensional plot (stress = 0.17) representing the samples of the four systems (Bray-Curtis index, square-root transformed abundances).

opennotspecifiedMar 2021View details →

Figure 2 in The role of artificial ponds in maintaining dragonfly populations in an intensified farmland landscape. A case of study in Zamora, Spain

Figure 2. Estimated mean ± SE of dragonfly (A) richness, (B) abundance, and (C) Shannon's index values for each system (pond, reservoir, stream, and river).

Figure 6 in A comparative study of the mating call of Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Anura: Ranidae) from syntopic and allotopic populations

Figure 6. Distribution pattern of calls for locality Kresna. Circle indicates group kurtmuelleri; square - ridibundusa; asterisk - ridibunduss.

Figure 4 in A comparative study of the mating call of Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Anura: Ranidae) from syntopic and allotopic populations

Figure 4. Distribution pattern of calls for locality Rupite. Circle indicates group kurtmuelleri; square - ridibundusa; asterisk - ridibunduss.

Figure 5 in A comparative study of the mating call of Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Anura: Ranidae) from syntopic and allotopic populations

Figure 5. Distribution pattern of calls for locality Damianitsa. Circle indicates group kurtmuelleri; square - ridibundusa; asterisk - ridibunduss.

Figure 3 in A comparative study of the mating call of Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Anura: Ranidae) from syntopic and allotopic populations

Figure 3. Distribution pattern of calls based on call characteristics. Circle indicates group kurtmuelleri; square – ridibundusa; asterisk – ridibunduss.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

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UK dogs data from: Genome-wide association studies for canine hip dysplasia in single and multiple populations – implications and potential novel risk loci

Background: Association mapping studies of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) can contribute to the understanding of the genetic background of this common and debilitating disease and might contribute to its genetic improvement. The power of association studies for CHD is limited by relatively small sample numbers for CHD records within countries, suggesting potential benefits of joining data across countries. However, this is complicated due to the use of different scoring systems across countries. In this study, we incorporated routinely assessed CHD records and genotype data of German Shepherd dogs from two countries (UK and Sweden) to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) within populations using different variations of CHD phenotypes. As phenotypes, dogs were either classified into cases and controls based on the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) five-level grading of the worst hip or the FCI grade was treated as an ordinal trait. In a subsequent meta-analysis, we added publicly available data from a Finnish population and performed the GWAS across all populations. Genetic associations for the CHD phenotypes were evaluated in a linear mixed model using 62,089 SNPs. Results: Multiple SNPs with genome-wide significant and suggestive associations were detected in single-population GWAS and the meta-analysis. Few of these SNPs overlapped between populations or between single-population GWAS and the meta-analysis, suggesting that many CHD-related QTL are population-specific. More significant or suggestive SNPs were identified when FCI grades were used as phenotypes in comparison to the case-control approach. MED13 (Chr 9) and PLEKHA7 (Chr 21) emerged as novel positional candidate genes associated with hip dysplasia. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the complex genetic nature of hip dysplasia in dogs, with multiple loci associated with the trait, most of which are population-specific. Routinely assessed CHD information collected across countries provide an opportunity to increase sample sizes and statistical power for association studies. While the lack of standardisation of CHD assessment schemes across countries poses a challenge, we showed that conversion of traits can be utilised to overcome this obstacle.

Figures 70–72 in Study of the external morphology of Leptodora kindtii Focke, 1844 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Haplopoda), with notes on its relation to Cladocera and on conspecificity of populations of the species over the Eurasian range

Figures 70–72. (70) Specimens with tl I of different size (The Gulf of Finland); (71) male's clasping organs of both tl I of one specimen; (72) prominences of clasping organ (Lake Khanka, Far East of Russia).

Figures 36–45 in Study of the external morphology of Leptodora kindtii Focke, 1844 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Haplopoda), with notes on its relation to Cladocera and on conspecificity of populations of the species over the Eurasian range

Figures 36–45. SEM micrographs. (36) Basal parts of thoracic limbs from outer side; (37) limb of first pair (tl I), general view (seta on basal segment is indicated by arrow); (38) end of basal segment of tl I, outer side; (39) the same, inner side; (40) middle part of basal segment of tl I; (41) end of distal seta of third segment of tl I; (42) armament of proximal seta of fourth segment of tl I; (43) armament of distal seta of tl I; (44) gnathobase near the base of tl I; (45) gnathobase. Scale bars – 100 mm (36, 37), 50 mm (38–40), 20 mm (41, 44, 45), 10 mm (42, 43).

Figures 31–35 in Study of the external morphology of Leptodora kindtii Focke, 1844 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Haplopoda), with notes on its relation to Cladocera and on conspecificity of populations of the species over the Eurasian range

Figures 31–35. (31) Limb of first pair (tl I); 32) limb of second pair (tl II); (33) limb of third pair (tl III); (34) median seta on the end of second segment of tl II; (35) median seta on the end of third segment of tl III. (median setae in Figures 32, 33 are indicated by arrows).

Figures 46–55 in Study of the external morphology of Leptodora kindtii Focke, 1844 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Haplopoda), with notes on its relation to Cladocera and on conspecificity of populations of the species over the Eurasian range

Figures 46–55. (46) Limb of fourth pair (tl IV); (47) limb of fifth pair (tl V); (48) limb of sixth pair (tl VI); (49) ends of two mandibles of one specimen (Lake Bolon, Far East of Russia); (50) setae on the middle part of basal segments of tl I of one specimen (Lake Khanka, Far East of Russia); (51) the same (The Gulf of Finland); (52) basal part of male's antennule; (53) the same, median part; (54) the same, apical end; (55) male's shell, lateral view (median setae in Figures 46, 47 are indicated by arrows).

Figures 25–30 in Study of the external morphology of Leptodora kindtii Focke, 1844 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Haplopoda), with notes on its relation to Cladocera and on conspecificity of populations of the species over the Eurasian range

Figures 25–30. SEM micrographs. (25) Upper (labrum) and lower lips (arrows indicate papillae of labrum); (26) prominences of median lobe of lower lip; (27) prominences of lateral lobe of lower lip; (28) mandible and labrum; (29) distal mandibular denticles; (30) armament of mandibular apical end. Scale bars – 50 mm (25, 28), 20 mm (26, 29), 10 mm (27, 30).

Figures 13–18 in Study of the external morphology of Leptodora kindtii Focke, 1844 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Haplopoda), with notes on its relation to Cladocera and on conspecificity of populations of the species over the Eurasian range

Figures 13–18. SEM micrographs. (13) End of antennule (sensory seta indicated by arrow); (14) ventral head pore; (15) distal outer seta of antennal basipodite; (16) proximal anterodorsal proximal seta of antennal basipodite; (17) distal dorsal seta of antennal basipodite (insertion in left corner – the same of another specimen); (18) end of second segment of upper antennal branch. Scale bars – 20 mm.

Figures 19–24 in Study of the external morphology of Leptodora kindtii Focke, 1844 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Haplopoda), with notes on its relation to Cladocera and on conspecificity of populations of the species over the Eurasian range

Figures 19–24. SEM micrographs. (19) End of third segment of upper antennal branch; (20) end of upper antennal branch; (21) end of fourth segments of lower antennal branch; (22) end of lower antennal branch; (23) setae of lower antennal branch (insertion in right corner – the base of antennal seta); (24) antennal setules. Scale bars – 20 mm (20–23), 10 mm (24), 5 mm (24, insertion).

Figures 2–12 in Study of the external morphology of Leptodora kindtii Focke, 1844 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Haplopoda), with notes on its relation to Cladocera and on conspecificity of populations of the species over the Eurasian range

Figures 2–12. (2) Antennule; (3) proximal setae on antero-dorsal side of basipodite; (4) distal end of antennal basipodite, outer side; (5) denticles on lower side of basipodital distal end in front of upper branch; (6) upper four-segmented antennal branch (exopodite); (7) lower fivesegmented antennal branch (endopodite); (8) basal part of lower branch, inner side; (9) the same, upper side; (10) two abnormally long basal parts of setae of lower antennal branch; (11) postabdomen, lateral view; (12) seta natatoriae (10 – Lake Khanka, all others – Lake Glubokoe).

opennotspecifiedAug 2000View details →

FIG. 2 in Population study of the landhopper Talitroides topitotum (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in central Mexico

FIG. 2. Size frequency distribution of Talitroides topitotum in Iztacala Campus, UNAM, Mexico City (n 5 2046).

opennotspecifiedAug 2000View details →

FIG. 5 in Population study of the landhopper Talitroides topitotum (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in central Mexico

FIG. 5. Seasonal variation of percentage of ovigerous (solid bars) and non-ovigerous (open bars) females of Talitroides topitotum.

opennotspecifiedAug 2000View details →

FIG. 3 in Population study of the landhopper Talitroides topitotum (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in central Mexico

FIG. 3. Size variation (meanÔ one standard error) of the entire population of Talitroides topitotum.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Is High Milk Intake Good for Children's Health? A National Population-based Observational Cohort Study

Milk is widely considered as a beneficial product for growing children. This study was designed to describe the milk consumption status in Korean children aged 30–36 months and to investigate its association with the risk of obesity and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). This nationwide administrative study used data from the Korean national health insurance system and child health screening examinations consists of children born in 2008 and 2009. In total, 425,583 children were included, and they were divided into three groups based on daily milk consumption; low milk group (do not drink or drink <200 mL milk per day, n = 139,659), reference group (drink 200–499 mL milk per day, n = 255,670), and high milk group (drink ≥500 mL milk per day, n = 30,254). After adjusting variable confounding factors, consumption of a large amount of milk of ≥500 mL per day at the age of 30–36 months was associated with an increased risk of obesity at the age of 42–72 months and IDA after the age of 30 months. These results may provide partial evidence for dietary guidelines for milk consumption in children that are conducive to health.