Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
4,059
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.8.0
Dataset results
4,059 results for “mammal”
Figure 2 in Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals
Figure 2 Holotype of Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae sp. nov. (SDSNH 38343). Right dentary with i2, c, p3, m1-2, and alveoli for i3 and p2 in (A) buccal, (B) occlusal, (C) oblique occlusobuccal, and (D) lingual views. Scale bar is 10 mm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13032/fig-2
Figure 1 in Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals
Figure 1 Distribution of North American representatives of Machaeroidinae. Light blue and green indicate basins producing early and middle Eocene machaeroidines, respectively. Note that while the Bridger Basin has produced several specimens of early Eocene Machaeroides eothen, USNM 173514 and AMNH FM 12083 are earliest middle Eocene. Basin outlines adapted from Dickinson et al. (1988) and Tomiya et al. (2021). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13032/fig-1
Data from: Determinants and long-term costs of early reproduction in males of a long-lived polygynous mammal
<p>In long-lived polygynous species, male reproductive success is often monopolized by a few mature dominant individuals. Young males are generally too small to be dominant and may employ alternative tactics, however, little is known about the determinants of reproductive success for young males. Understanding the causes and consequences of variability in early reproductive success may be crucial to assess the strength of sexual selection and possible long-term trade-offs among life-history traits. Selective pressures driven by fluctuating environmental conditions may depend on age-class. We evaluated the determinants of reproduction in male bighorn sheep (<em>Ovis canadensis</em>) aged 2-4 years using 30 years of individual-level data. These young males cannot defend estrous ewes and use alternative mating tactics. We also investigated how the age of first detected reproduction was correlated to lifetime reproductive success and longevity. We found that reproductive success of males aged three years was positively correlated to body mass, to the proportion of males aged 2-4 years in the competitor pool and to the number of females available per adult male. These results suggest that reproductive success depends on both competitive ability and population age-sex structure. None of these variables, however, had significant effects on the reproductive success of males aged 2 or 4 years. Known reproduction before the age of five increased lifetime reproductive success but decreased longevity, suggesting a long-term survival cost of early reproduction. Our analyses reveal that both individual-level phenotypic and population-level demographic variables influence reproductive success by young males and provide a rare assessment of fitness trade-offs in wild polygynous males.</p>
One of the first cryptic mammal species discovered, when it was separated from the morphologically similar R. tumida (= R. bickhami) based on karyological studies. Karyotype of 2n = 42 of R. genowaysi is identical to that observed in R. velilla, but these species are genetically distinct; their ranges do not overlap. R. genowaysi is morphologically very similar to other species within the R. tumida complex and is sympatric with R. bickhami (2n = 34). Monotypic. Distribution. Two nearby localities in Pacific lowlands of S Chiapas, S Mexico. in Vespertilionidae
One of the first cryptic mammal species discovered, when it was separated from the morphologically similar R. tumida (= R. bickhami) based on karyological studies. Karyotype of 2n = 42 of R. genowaysi is identical to that observed in R. velilla, but these species are genetically distinct; their ranges do not overlap. R. genowaysi is morphologically very similar to other species within the R. tumida complex and is sympatric with R. bickhami (2n = 34). Monotypic. Distribution. Two nearby localities in Pacific lowlands of S Chiapas, S Mexico.
Effect of captivity on the vertebral bone microstructure of Xenarthran mammals
<div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Captive specimens in museum collections facilitate study of rare taxa, but the lifestyles, diets, and lifespans of captive animals differ from their wild counter- parts. Trabecular bone architecture adapts to in vivo forces, and may reflect interspecific variation in ecology and behavior as well as intraspecific variation between captive and wild specimens. We compared trunk vertebrae bone microstructure in captive and wild xenarthran mammals to test the effects of ecology and captivity. We collected μCT scans of the last six presacral vertebrae in 13 fossorial, terrestrial, and suspensorial xenarthran species (body mass: 120 g to 35 kg). For each vertebra, we measured centrum length; bone volume fraction (BV.TV); trabecular number and mean thickness (Tb.Th); global com- pactness (GC); cross-sectional area; mean intercept length; star length distribu- tion; and connectivity and connectivity density. Wild specimens have more robust trabeculae, but this varies with species, ecology, and pathology. Wild specimens of fossorial taxa (Dasypus) have more robust trabeculae than cap- tives, but there is no clear difference in bone microstructure between wild and captive specimens of suspensorial taxa (Bradypus, Choloepus), suggesting that locomotor ecology influences the degree to which captivity affects bone micro- structure. Captive Tamandua and Myrmecophaga have higher BV.TV, Tb.Th, and GC than their wild counterparts due to captivity-caused bone pathologies. Our results add to the understanding of variation in mammalian bone micro- structure, suggest caution when including captive specimens in bone micro- structure research, and indicate the need to better replicate the habitats, diets, and behavior of animals in captivity.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Andean non-volant small mammals: a dataset of community assemblages of non-volant small mammals from the high Andes
<p><span>Information from diversity inventories is used to study patterns of biodiversity and species distribution; likewise, it may be useful to identify priority areas for conservation, and to guide future sampling efforts. In this context, we compiled information on non-volant small mammal communities from the high Andes (> 2,000 m.). Here we present an open resource data set containing information diversity (species composition, number of individuals captured ), inventory design (type of traps, sampling efforts), and environment (habitat) for both unpublished and published information. This study covers 630 mammalian communities, geographically distributed throughout the Andes in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile</span><span>. </span><span>We compiled a total of </span><span>26,412 individual records belonging to 240 species; the order with greatest number of records was Rodentia (n=25,319, 96.06%), followed by Didelphimorphia (n=373, 1.42%), Eulipotyphla (n=358, 1.36%) and Paucituberculata, (n=307, 1.16%). </span><span>Andean non-volant small mammal communities harbor </span><span>a range of 1-17 species</span><span>, </span><span>with 93.06 % of sites being composed of one to five species</span><span>, 27.78% of sites ranging in richness from six to ten species, and 4.17% are composed by more than ten species. </span><span>Multiple sampling methods were used to survey non-volant small mammals; the most representative methods being the use of snap-traps and Sherman traps, or a combination of both, in more than 81% of the studies.</span> <span>The <em>Andean Non-Volant Small Mammals</em> Data Paper represents the first </span><span>large dataset of faunal species inventories for Andes. </span><span>There are no copyright restrictions </span><span>associated with the use of this data se</span><span>t</span><span>. Please cite this Data Paper when its data are used total or partially in research</span><span> or teaching</span><span>.</span></p>
Human-modified landscapes provide key foraging areas for a threatened flying mammal: the grey-headed flying-fox
<p>Urban expansion is a major threat to natural ecosystems but also creates novel opportunities that adaptable species can exploit. The grey-headed flying-fox (<em>Pteropus poliocephalus</em>) is a threatened, highly mobile species of bat that is increasingly found in human-dominated landscapes, leading to many management and conservation challenges. Flying-fox urbanisation is thought to be a result of diminishing natural foraging habitat or increasing urban food resources, or both. However, little is known about landscape utilisation of flying-foxes in human-modified areas, and how this may differ in natural areas. Here we examine positional data from 98 satellite-tracked <em>P. poliocephalus</em> for up to 5 years in urban and non-urban environments, in relation to vegetation data and published indices of foraging habitat quality. Our findings indicate that human-modified foraging landscapes sustain a large proportion of the <em>P. poliocephalus</em> population year-round. When individuals roosted in non-urban and minor-urban areas, they relied primarily on wet and dry sclerophyll forest, forested wetlands, and rainforest for foraging, and preferentially visited foraging habitat designated as high-quality. However, our results highlight the importance of human-modified foraging habitats throughout the species' range, and particularly for individuals that roosted in major-urban environments. The exact plant species that exist in human-modified habitats are largely undocumented; however, where this information was available, foraging by <em>P. poliocephalus </em>was associated with different dominant plant species depending on whether individuals roosted in 'urban' or 'non-urban' areas. Overall, our results demonstrate clear differences in urban- and non-urban landscape utilisation by foraging <em>P. poliocephalus</em>. However, further research is needed to understand the exact foraging resources used, particularly in human-modified habitats, and hence what attracts flying-foxes to urban areas. Such information could be used to modify the urban foraging landscape, to assist long-term habitat management programs aimed at minimising human-wildlife conflict and maximising resource availability within and outside of urban environments.</p>
Largely independent effects of top predators, including Amur tigers and humans, on mammal communities in a recovering temperate forest region
<p>Data associated with the manuscript "Largely independent effects of top predators, including Amur tigers and humans, on mammal communities in a recovering temperate forest region"</p>
Heterogeneity in risk-sensitive allocation of somatic reserves in a long-lived mammal
<p>Patterns of food quality and availability, when combined with energetic demands in seasonal environments, shape resource acquisition and allocation by animals and hold consequences for life-history strategies. In long-lived species with extensive maternal care, regulation of somatic reserves of energy and protein can occur in a risk-sensitive manner, wherein resources are preferentially allocated to support survival at the cost of investment in reproduction. We investigated how Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), an alpine mammal in a highly seasonal environment, allocate somatic reserves across seasons. In accordance with the hypothesis of risk-sensitive resource allocation, we expected accretion and catabolism of somatic reserves to be regulated relative to pre-season nutritional state, reproductive state, and vary among populations in accordance with local environmental conditions. To test that hypothesis, we monitored seasonal changes of percent ingesta-free body fat (IFBFat) and ingesta-free, fat-free body mass (IFFFBMass) in three populations of bighorn sheep in northwest Wyoming between 2015 and 2019 through repeated captures of female sheep in December and March of each year in a longitudinal study design. Regulation of somatic reserves was risk sensitive and varied relative to the amount of somatic reserves an animal had at the beginning of the season. Regulation of fat reserves was sensitive to reproductive state and differed by population, particularly over the summer. In one population with low rates of recruitment of young, sheep that recruited offspring lost fat over the summer in contrast to the other two populations where sheep that recruited gained fat. And yet, all populations exhibited similar changes in fat catabolism and risk sensitivity over winter. Magnitude of body fat and mass change across seasons may be indicative of sufficiency of seasonal ranges to meet energetic demands of survival and reproduction. Risk-sensitive allocation of resources was pervasive suggesting nutritional underpinnings are foundational to behavior, vital rates, and ultimately, population dynamics. For species living in alpine environments, risk-sensitive resource allocation may be essential to balance investment in reproduction with ensuring survival.</p>
Altitudinal dispersal process drives community assembly of montane small mammals
<p>Montane small mammals are subjected to strong forces of dispersal limitation and habitat filtering that mainly operate on their community structures along the altitudinal direction. However, so far little is known about the relative contributions of dispersal and niche processes to their community assembly. By applying the newly-proposed PER-SIMPER/DNCI (dispersal–niche continuum index) framework to small mammal occurrence data collected from 21 extensive altitudinal gradients, we quantitatively assess the relative importance of dispersal and niche processes on mammalian community assembly in a large mountainous region of southwest China. We compared the pairwise DNCI values among assemblages from low, middle, and high altitudinal zones and overall DNCI values between glires and insectivores that differ in dispersal abilities to test three explicit (altitudinal connectivity, environmental difference, and dispersal ability) hypotheses. The overall DNCI values for all small mammal species combined (-12.7 ± 0.4, 90 species), glires (-12.8 ± 0.5, 56 species) and insectivores (-13.5 ± 1.4, 34 species) values were all negative, while insectivores showed a lower value than glires. For both all species combined and glires, we found a lower pairwise DNCI value between the low and high altitudinal zones than that between the other two pairs of altitudinal zones. Our study indicated that altitudinal dispersal process dominates the taxonomic composition of small mammal assemblages in this region. Importantly, the results reinforced the idea that community structures of less vagile taxa are more subjected to dispersal limitation, yet another idea that assemblages from further altitudinal areas are more differentiated by dispersal process was only supported in glires and all species combined. Community biologists should therefore pay attention to recent climate-induced upward range shifts by montane species, which may dramatically alter their community structures in different altitudinal zones through dynamics of immigration and mountaintop extinction.</p>
Early postnatal individual vocal recognition in a highly colonial mammal species
<p>Dataset associated with the article entitled 'Early postnatal individual vocal recognition in a highly colonial mammal species'</p>
Thoracic adaptations for ventilation during locomotion in humans and other mammals
<p class="CxSpFirst">Bipedal humans, like canids and some other cursorial mammals, are thought to have been selected for endurance running, which requires the ability to sustain aerobic metabolism over long distances by inspiring large volumes of air for prolonged periods of time. Here we test the general hypothesis that humans and other mammals selected for vigorous endurance activities evolved derived thoracic features to increase ventilatory capacity. To do so, we investigate whether humans and dogs rely on thoracic motion to increase tidal volume during running to a greater extent than goats, a species that was not selected for endurance locomotion. We found that while all three species use diaphragmatic breathing to increase tidal volume with increasing oxygen demand, humans also use both dorsoventral and mediolateral expansions of the thorax. Dogs use increased dorsoventral expansion of the thorax, representing an intermediate between humans and goats. 3D analyses of joint morphology of 10 species across four mammalian orders also show that endurance-adapted cursorial species independently evolved more concavo-convex costovertebral joint morphologies that allow for increased rib mobility for thoracic expansion. Evidence for similarly derived concavo-convex costovertebral joints in <i>Homo erectus </i>corresponds with other evidence for the evolution of endurance running in the genus <i>Homo</i>.</p>
Decoupled evolution of the cranium and mandible in carnivoran mammals
<p>The relationship between skull morphology and diet is a prime example of adaptive evolution. In mammals, the skull consists of the cranium and the mandible. While the mandible is expected to evolve more directly in response to dietary changes, dietary regimes may have less influence on the cranium because additional sensory and brain-protection functions may impose constraints on its morphological evolution. Here, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the evolutionary patterns of cranium and mandible shape and size across 100+ species of carnivoran mammals with distinct feeding ecologies. Our results show decoupled modes of evolution in cranial and mandibular shape; cranial shape follows clade-based evolutionary shifts whereas mandibular shape evolution is linked to broad dietary regimes. These results are consistent with previous hypotheses regarding hierarchical morphological evolution in carnivorans and greater evolutionary lability of the mandible with respect to diet. Furthermore, in hypercarnivores, the evolution of both cranial and mandibular size is associated with relative prey size. This demonstrates that dietary diversity can be loosely structured by craniomandibular size within some guilds. Our results suggest that mammal skull morphological evolution is shaped by mechanisms beyond dietary adaptation alone.</p>
Distribution. Currently recorded only on N ridge of Mt Halcon, Mindoro I, Philippines; likely widespread in mountains of Mindoro, an area that remains poorly surveyed for small mammals. in Muridae
Distribution. Currently recorded only on N ridge of Mt Halcon, Mindoro I, Philippines; likely widespread in mountains of Mindoro, an area that remains poorly surveyed for small mammals.
Distribution. Recorded only from foothills and lower slopes of Mt Pinatubo, Zambales Mts, C Luzon, Philippines; it may be more widely distributed in Zambales Mts, which remain poorly surveyed for small mammals. in Muridae
Distribution. Recorded only from foothills and lower slopes of Mt Pinatubo, Zambales Mts, C Luzon, Philippines; it may be more widely distributed in Zambales Mts, which remain poorly surveyed for small mammals.
Life history consequences of climate change in hibernating mammals: A review
Climatic shifts to warmer and often drier conditions are challenging terrestrial species worldwide. These shifts are occurring more rapidly at higher elevations and latitudes, likely causing disproportionate effects to mammalian hibernators there. While there is some information about how these species' ranges are responding to climatic shifts, we lack an understanding of how climate components are affecting species' life history variation, which is key to individual success and population-level resilience. We reviewed the literature to identify the direction of life history responses to climate change in mammalian hibernators along three axes: latitudinal, elevational, and temporal. We found 39 studies involving 27 species that reported climate effects on our four target life history traits – phenology, body mass/condition and growth, reproduction, and survival. We found warmer temperatures are advancing hibernator phenology and increasing reproductive success. By contrast, warming and drying trends are having uncertain effects on body condition, and complex effects on survival - depending on season, age class, latitude, and elevation. We found no pattern of significant climate-trait outcomes by duration or decade of study. More research on drought conditions - particularly in relation to resource availability - would help inform hibernator susceptibility to increased drying trends expected to intensify globally. Notably, our results are highly biased towards small mammal hibernators in Northern hemisphere alpine/mountain ecosystems, with few long-term studies conducted on Southern hemisphere hibernators.This review highlights that phenological shifts constitute one of the most obvious consequences of climate change, yet, the timing of life history events (e.g. timing of migration, reproduction, hibernation) remains poorly understood. Further integration of insights from physiologists, evolutionary biologists, and population ecologists working on wild populations will improve our collective understanding of the effects of seasonal climatic shifts on mammalian hibernator life history traits, key drivers of their population-level persistence.
Island size predicts mammal diversity in insular environments, except for land-bridge islands
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span>Insular environments are among the most endangered ecosystems as they face a myriad of anthropogenic stressors. Forest mammals perform a wide range of ecological services, with their persistence being vital for ecosystem functionality in both natural and artificial islands. Studies revealed that shrinkage in island size usually leads to the decay of mammal species richness and abundance in patchy landscapes. However, mammal species-area (SARs) and abundance-area (AARs) relationships can differ among insular environments: oceanic, fluvial, artificial, and land-bridge islands (i.e., natural islands connected to the mainland). Large dams create vast insularized landscapes after river impoundment, leading to pervasive habitat loss and potentially causing even worse biodiversity losses than other insular systems. We conducted an extensive literature search and used meta-analysis techniques to quantify the magnitude of SAR and AAR for forest mammals across different archipelago landscapes worldwide. After a screening process, we ended up with 26 studies comprising 55 different effect sizes representing the magnitude of SARs and AARs. Our global analysis unveiled a positive relationship between effect sizes and island area, with mammal species richness and abundance increasing in fluvial, oceanic, and artificial islands accordingly with island area, but not in land-bridge islands. These results demonstrate that, except for land-bridge islands, SAR and AAR are still fair models to predict mammal diversity.<span> </span>These results could improve the prediction of SAR and AAR in insular environments under habitat loss scenarios and propose sound conservation strategies since the rate at which insular communities have been lost is presently unknown.</span></p>
Figure 3. Phylogenetic interrelationships among 31 in Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a Tylodelphys from mammals
Figure 3. Phylogenetic interrelationships among 31 sequences from members of Alaria (syn. Pharyngostomoides) based on BI analysis of partial cox1 mtDNA gene sequences. BI posterior probability values lower than 80% are not shown. The new sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. The information on biogeographical realms and families of definitive hosts is provided only for taxa confirmed with sequence data. Abbreviations of biogeographical realms: N, Nearctic; P, Palaearctic. Abbreviations of family of definitive host: Can, Canidae; Fel, Felidae; Mep, Mephitidae; Mus, Mustelidae; Pro, Procyonidae. ‡ All collected specimens are immature. § Previously identified as A. americana by Locke et al. (2018).
Figure 1. Phylogenetic interrelationships among 54 in Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a Tylodelphys from mammals
Figure 1. Phylogenetic interrelationships among 54 diplostomoidean taxa based on BI analysis of partial 28S rDNA gene sequences including Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides spp. BI posterior probability values lower than 80% are not shown. The new sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site.
Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a Tylodelphys from mammals
Figure 4. Photographs of: A, Tylodelphys variabilis comb. nov. from Didelphis virginiana, Arkansas; B, Alaria arisaemoides from Canis latrans, Oregon; C, Alaria alata from Nyctereutes procyonoides, Ukraine; D, Alaria marcianae from Taxidea taxus, North Dakota; E, Alaria ovalis comb. nov. from Procyon lotor, Mississippi; F, Alaria procyonis comb. nov. from Procyon lotor, Minnesota; G, H, Alaria mustelae from Mephitis mephitis, North Dakota.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.