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Figure 21 in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 21. Porella belli (Dawson, 1859). (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.10; (B, D, E) NHM 2006.2.27.9; (C) NHM 2006.2.27.66. (A) Distal view of colony margin with differentiating zooids; (B) immature zooids; (C) zooids with developing and complete ovicells; (D) mature zooids with inflated immersed ovicells; (E) mature zooids with granulose and umbonate frontal walls; (F) ancestrular region. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 20. Porella acutirostris Smitt, 1868 in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 20. Porella acutirostris Smitt, 1868. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.62; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.64; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.63; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.65. (A) Immature zooids; (B) group of non-ovicellate zooids; (C) enlargement of orifice and suboral avicularium; (D) group of zooids with developing ovicells; (E) group of non-ovicellate zooids and zooids with umbonate ovicells; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. Scale bars: 0.5mm (A, B, D, E); 0.1mm (C); 0.2 mm (F).

Figure 10 in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 10. Cauloramphus magnus Dick and Ross, 1988. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.33–34; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.54; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.35; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.32. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) same, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) close up of autozooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (E) autozooids, bleached; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C, E, F); 0.4 mm (D).

Figure 15 in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 15. Tegella arctica (d'Orbigny, 1851). (A, C) NHM 2006.2.27.44; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.46; (D) NHM 2006.2.27.43. (A) General view of group of autozooids, unbleached; (B) zooids from region near colony margin, bleached; (C) immature zooids with small paired angular and large frontal avicularia, unbleached; (D) mature zooids with ovicells and associated frontal avicularia, unbleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B, C); 0.4 mm (D).

Figure 16. Disporella compta n in Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA

Figure 16. Disporella compta n. sp., holotype (NHM 2006.7.21.22): (A) partial view of colony, showing one elongate and two oval maculae among seven maculae present in colony; (B) enlargement of a macula; (C) columns of fused peristomes of three to four autozooids; (D) enlargement of kenozooidal opening showing palm-tree-shaped pinhead spinules. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 400 Mm (C); 50 Mm (D).

Figure 15 in Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA

Figure 15. (A–C) Rhynchozoon splendens Hayward: (A) ovicellate zooids, showing asymmetrically orientated oral avicularia; (B) enlargement of primary orifice; (C) autozooids and ovicellate zooids; diamond-shaped rostra of frontal avicularia are also evident. (D–F) Disporella pristis MacGillivray: (D) partial view of entire colony, showing irregular brood chamber in centre, with oeciostome; (E) enlargement of part of brood chamber and oeciostome (top centre); (F) colony margin, showing characteristically granulated marginal lamina and peristomes ending in long processes. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, C); 50 Mm (B); 1 mm (D); 400 Mm (E, F).

Figure 3. Electra korobokkura Nikulina, 2006 in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 3. Electra korobokkura Nikulina, 2006. (A–C) NHM 2006.2.27.1; (D) NHM 2006.2.27.2. (A) Colony fragment with uniserial branches; (B) colony fragment with anastomosing, multiserial branches; (C) zooids without spinous processes; (D) zooids with spinous processes. All unbleached. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D).

Figure 19 in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 19. Celleporella hyalina (L., 1767) species complex. (A, C–E) NHM 2006.2.27.57; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.55; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.54. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids; (B) autozooids in primary layer; (C, D) autozooids in primary layer (large orifices), frontally budded male zooids (small orifices), and frontally budded ovicellate zooids; (E) central colony region with predominance of ovicellate zooids; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids with spiral budding pattern. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C, F); 0.4 mm (D, E).

Figure 14 in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 14. Tegella aquilirostris (O'Donoghue and O'Donoghue, 1923). HNM 2006.2.27.42. (A) Developing zooids near colony margin, bleached; (B) immature zooids with large frontal avicularia, bleached; (C) zooids with developing and completed ovicells, bleached; (D) mature zooids, showing ovicells with associated frontal avicularia, and also straight and curved spines, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 18 in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 18. Integripelta novella Gordon, Mawatari, and Kajihara, 2002. NHM 2006.2.27.53. (A) General view of colony fragment; (B) immature zooids; (C) maternal zooids showing distal kenozooidal chambers possessing triangular, oval, and crescentic foramens; (D) close up of maternal zooids with foramen varying in size and form. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 10. Junerossia copiosa n. gen., n in Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA

Figure 10. Junerossia copiosa n. gen., n. sp., intertidal specimens from Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan (C, E) and Kapa'a Shore, Island of Hawaii (A–B, D, F–H): (A) holotype (NHM 2006.7.21.8), autozooids and ovicellate zooid; (B) holotype, enlargement of orifice; (C) stages in ovicell formation; (D) paratype 2 (NHM 2006.7.21.10),

Figure 9 in Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA

Figure 9. (A–D) Parasmittina serrula Soule and Soule: (A) autozooids and ovicellate zooids; (B) enlargement of orifice; (C) young colony showing wide marginal lamina; (D) ancestrula and surrounding marginal lamina. (E, F) Watersipora subovoidea sensu Harmer: (E) autozooids; (F) enlargement of orifice. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A); 50 Mm (B); 1 mm (C, E); 200 Mm (D, F).

Figure 7 in Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA

Figure 7. (A, B) Hippothoa flagellum Manzoni: (A) autozooid; (B) autozooid (part) and ovicellate zooid. (C, D) Chorizopora brogniartii (Audouin) sensu lato: (C) autozooids, ovicellate zooids, interzooidal kenozooids, and avicularia; (D) ancestrula (lower left) and early astogeny. (E, F) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler): (E) autozooids, ovicellate zooids, and interzooidal avicularia; (F) ancestrula (bottom centre) and periancestrular zooids. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 200 Mm (A, B); 500 Mm (C–F).

Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 6. Conopeum nakanosum n. sp. (A, F) NHM 2006.2.27.26; (B, D) NHM 2006.2.27.27; (C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.25; (G, H) NHM 2006.2.27.28. (A) Colony margin with differentiating zooids, bleached; (B) zooids with developing angular cone-shaped kenozooids, bleached; (C) mature zooids with erect and curved spines, unbleached; (D) group of mature zooids with granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) distally facing triangular avicularia replacing kenozooids, unbleached; (F) distal view of kenozooids, bleached; (G) lateral view of zooids showing multiporous septula, bleached; (H) interior of distal zooidal wall showing developing angular kenozooids and also multiporous septula, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, G); 1 mm (B–D); 0.2 mm (E, F, H).

Figure 9. Cauloramphus cryptoarmatus n in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 9. Cauloramphus cryptoarmatus n. sp. (A, C, E) NHM 2006.2.27.14; (B, F) NHM 2006.2.27.31; (D) NHM 2006.2.27.13. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) zooids at colony margin in interaction with Cribrilina annulata, showing numerous additional avicularia developing along vertical walls from pore chambers, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) autozooids, showing strongly developed granulated cryptocyst, bleached; (E) two zooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (F) ancestrula surrounded by periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–D, F); 0.4 mm (E).

Figure 5 in Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA

Figure 5. (A, B) Antropora minor (Hincks): (A) autozooids, bleached; (B) autozooids, bleached; zooid at right is a brooding zooid, with a raised, smooth distal margin that may represent a vestigial ovicell. (C) Beania discodermiae (Ortmann): autozooids, unbleached. (D) Micropora rimulata Canu and Bassler: autozooids and ovicellate zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 200 Mm (A, B); 500 Mm (C, D).

Figure 14 in Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA

Figure 14. (A–C) Metacleidochasma verrucosa n. sp., holotype (NHM 2006.7.21.21): (A) autozooids; (B) enlargement of orifice; (C) ancestrula. (D–F) Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (D) view of entire colony; this small colony of 27 zooids has produced eight ovicells; (E) ovicellate zooids; (F) enlargement of primary orifice. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A, E); 100 Mm (B, C, F); 1 mm (D).

Figure 2 in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 2. Dendrogram (below) showing similarity of sampling localities based on species presence/absence, and a map (above) showing the geographical distribution of three groups of sampling localities (circled) that are less than 70% similar in species composition between groups.

Figure 4. Corbulella extenuata n in Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA

Figure 4. Corbulella extenuata n. sp., holotype (NHM 2006.7.21.5): (A) autozooid, unbleached; (B) marginal zooids, bleached; note cap-like reduced ovicells; (C) autozooids and interzooidal avicularium (centre), bleached; (D) lateral wall of marginal autozooid showing septula, bleached. (B–D) are from same colony as (A), after bleaching. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, C, D); 400 Mm (B).

Figure 5. Electra asiatica n in Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

Figure 5. Electra asiatica n. sp. (A, G) NHM 2006.2.27.19; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.20; (C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.21; (E, F) NHM 2006.2.27.24. Colony from Ptichiy Island, Sea of Okhotsk (H). (A, B) Colonies radiating in coherent, fan-shaped lobes from the point of origin, unbleached; (C) colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (D) astogenetically mature zooids, unbleached; (E) astogenetically mature zooids, bleached; (F) astogenetically mature zooids with a small interzooidal kenozooid (lower right quadrant), bleached; (G) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids; enlargement of ancestrular area seen in panel (A), unbleached; (H) astogenetically mature zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C–H).