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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Data from: Habitat type and dispersal mode underlie the capacity for plant migration across an intermittent seaway
Background and Aims - Investigating species distributions across geographic barriers is a commonly utilized method in biogeography to help understand the functional traits that allow plants to disperse successfully. Here the biogeographic pattern analysis approach is extended by using chloroplast DNA whole-genome 'mining' to examine the functional traits that have impacted the dispersal of widespread temperate forest species across an intermittent seaway, the 200 km wide Bass Strait of south-eastern Australia. Methods - Multiple, co-distributed species of both dry and wet forests were sampled from five regions on either side of the Strait to obtain insights into past dispersal of these biomes via seed. Using a next-generation sequencing-based pool-seq method, the sharing of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was estimated between all five regions in the chloroplast genome. Key Results - A total of 3335 SNPs were detected in 20 species. SNP sharing patterns between regions provided evidence for significant seed-mediated gene flow across the study area, including across Bass Strait. A higher proportion of shared SNPs in dry forest species, especially those dispersed by birds, compared with wet forest species suggests that dry forest species have undergone greater seed-mediated gene flow across the study region during past climatic oscillations and sea level changes associated with the interglacial/glacial cycles. Conclusions - This finding is consistent with a greater propensity for long-distance dispersal for species of open habitats and proxy evidence that expansive areas of dry vegetation occurred during times of exposure of Bass Strait during glacials. Overall, this study provides novel genetic evidence that habitat type and its interaction with dispersal traits are major influences on dispersal of plants.
Data from: The competition-dispersal trade-off exists in forbs but not in graminoids: a case study from multispecies alpine grassland communities
Much theoretical evidence has demonstrated that a trade-off between competitive and dispersal ability plays an important role in facilitating species coexistence. However, experimental evidence from natural communities is still rare. Here, we tested the competition-dispersal trade-off hypothesis in an alpine grassland in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China, by quantifying competitive and dispersal ability using a combination of 4 plant traits (seed mass, ramet mass, height, and dispersal mode). Our results show that the competition-dispersal trade-off exists in the alpine grassland community and that this pattern was primarily demonstrated by forbs. The results suggest that most forb species are constrained to be either good competitors or good dispersers but not both, while there was no significant trade-off between competitive and dispersal ability for most graminoids. This might occur because graminoids undergo clonal reproduction, which allows them to find more benign microenvironments, forage for nutrients across a large area and store resources in clonal structures, and they are thus not strictly limited by the particular resources at our study site. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the CD trade-off has been tested for plants across the whole life cycle in a natural multispecies plant community, and more comprehensive studies are still needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and the linkage between the CD trade-off and community composition.
Data from: Simultaneous evolution of multiple dispersal components and kernel
Global climate is changing rapidly and is accompanied by large-scale fragmentation and destruction of habitats. Since dispersal is the first line of defense for mobile organisms to cope with such adversities in their environment, it is important to understand the causes and consequences of evolution of dispersal. Although dispersal is a complex phenomenon involving multiple dispersal-components like propensity (tendency to leave the natal patch) and ability (to travel long distances), the relationship between these traits is not always straight-forward, it is not clear whether these traits can evolve simultaneously or not, and how their interactions affect the overall dispersal profile. To investigate these issues, we subjected four large (n ∼ 2400) outbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster to artificial selection for increased dispersal, in a setup that mimicked increasing habitat fragmentation over 33 generations. The propensity and ability of the selected populations were significantly greater than the non-selected controls and the difference persisted even in the absence of proximate drivers for dispersal. The dispersal kernel evolved to have significantly greater standard deviation and reduced values of skew and kurtosis, which ultimately translated into the evolution of a greater frequency of long-distance dispersers (LDDs). We also found that although sex-biased dispersal exists in D. melanogaster, its expression can vary depending on which dispersal component is being measured and the environmental condition under which dispersal takes place. Interestingly though, there was no difference between the two sexes in terms of dispersal evolution. We discuss possible reasons for why some of our results do not agree with previous laboratory and field studies. The rapid evolution of multiple components of dispersal and the kernel, expressed even in the absence of stress, indicates that dispersal evolution cannot be ignored while investigating eco-evolutionary phenomena like speed of range expansion, disease spread, evolution of invasive species and destabilization of metapopulation dynamics.
Data from: Habitat connectivity is determined by the scale of habitat loss and dispersal strategy
Understanding factors that ameliorate the impact of habitat loss is a major focus of conservation research. One key factor influencing species persistence and evolution is the ability to disperse across increasingly patchy landscapes. Here we ask whether interpatch distance (a proxy for habitat loss) and dispersal strategy can interact to form thresholds where connectivity breaks down. We assayed dispersal across a range of interpatch distances in fruit flies carrying allelic variants of a gene known to underlie differences in dispersal strategy. Dispersal-limited flies experienced a distinct negative threshold in connectivity at greater interpatch distances, and this was not observed in more dispersive flies. Consequently, this differential response of dispersal-limited and more dispersive flies to decreasing connectivity suggests that habitat loss could have important implications on the evolution and maintenance of genetic variation underlying dispersal strategy.
Isotropic phase velocity dispersion curves for Superior Province.
<p>SuperiorProvince-DispCurves is a composite dataset of dispersion curves and their associated uncertainties extracted from three Rayleigh wave tomographic studies Darbsyhire et al., 2013, Petrescu et al., 2017, and Foster et al., 2020. We took a weighted average of phase velocities in regions where these different datasets overlapped, with a higher weighting for the dataset with the densest ray path coverage in order to reduce edge effects. It includes a README file.</p>
IE Day 24 Poster- Life Cycle Evaluation of Prescription Medication Dispersion in New Jersey
<p>This study investigates the environmental impacts of single-use plastic pill bottles versus refillable glass pill bottles for medication packaging in New Jersey pharmacies using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. Given the high environmental toll of single-use plastics, transitioning to refillable glass bottles offers potential benefits, despite the energy-intensive production process of glass. The study evaluates both bottle types across various impact categories, including global warming potential, ozone depletion, water consumption, and eco-toxicity, using the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) assessment method. The results indicate that, while producing a single glass bottle initially incurs a higher environmental cost compared to a single plastic bottle, using one refillable glass bottle over twelve plastic bottles annually results in a notable reduction in environmental impacts. The transportation logistics present additional challenges where customer trips for refilling glass bottles contribute substantially to eco-toxicity and other impact areas, suggesting that further optimization of refilling systems may enhance the overall sustainability of glass as a packaging alternative.</p>
Figure 1 from: Kalaycı G (2022) Pliocene-Pleistocene dispersal bring along low inter species diversity between Vimba species based on multilocus analysis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(1): 65-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76937
Figure 1 Map showing the analyzed population stations.
Stochastic dispersal shapes the spatial pattern of species richness in mountain landscapes
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Aim<a name="OLE_LINK3"></a>: </span></strong><span><span>Biogeographers have begun to address the problem of species distribution patterns in three-dimensional space. A key question is: What patterns of species richness would arise on the three-dimensional surface of a landscape under minimal biological assumptions? Recently, a theory called "Landscape Elevational Connectivity" (LEC) has been developed, which measures how topography and geomorphology drive biodiversity patterns. Here, we tested the predictive ability of LEC for spatial patterns of species richness for the first time.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong><span>Location: </span></strong></span><span><span>The Tibetan Plateau.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong></span><span><span> We </span><span>used the "stacked species distribution models" (S-SDMs) approach to</span></span><span><span> estimate the empirical spatial distribution pattern of bird species richness on the Tibetan Plateau based on online species occurrence data and expert maps, and we compared this estimated distribution with the predictions of LEC.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong><span>Results: </span></strong></span><span><span>We found a high correlation between the LEC null model and observed bird species richness in the biodiversity hotspot on the southeast edge of the Tibetan Plateau (Spearman's correlation, <em>r</em><span>s</span> = 0.746, 95% CI: 0.744-0.748). On a wider scale, LEC was better correlated with species richness in regions higher net primary productivity than in regions with lower net primary productivity.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong><span>Main conclusions:</span></strong></span><span><span> <a name="OLE_LINK31"></a>Our results suggest that the impact of stochastic processes on the spatial distribution pattern of species richness may have been routinely underestimated, especially in regions with rich resources and high species richness. We conclude that it would be fruitful to reconsider the contribution of deterministic factors to the distribution pattern of species richness, especially in mountain landscapes, by applying LEC as a null model.</span></span></p>
Data from: Natatanuran frogs used the Indian Plate to step-stone disperse and radiate across the Indian Ocean
[No abstract entered]
Figure 4 from: Aspöck H, Aspöck U, Gruppe A, Sittenthaler M, Haring E (2017) Anthropogenic dispersal of a snakefly (Insecta, Neuropterida) – a singular phenomenon or a model case in Raphidioptera? Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 64(2): 123-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.64.19859
Figure 4 - Raphidia mediterranea, pupa, from Pelmberg (Upper Austria). Photo H. Bruckner.
Figure 1 from: Aspöck H, Aspöck U, Gruppe A, Sittenthaler M, Haring E (2017) Anthropogenic dispersal of a snakefly (Insecta, Neuropterida) – a singular phenomenon or a model case in Raphidioptera? Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 64(2): 123-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.64.19859
Figure 1 - Raphidia mediterranea, male, from Pelmberg (Upper Austria). Photo H. Bruckner.
Figure 2 from: Aspöck H, Aspöck U, Gruppe A, Sittenthaler M, Haring E (2017) Anthropogenic dispersal of a snakefly (Insecta, Neuropterida) – a singular phenomenon or a model case in Raphidioptera? Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 64(2): 123-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.64.19859
Figure 2 - Raphidia mediterranea, female, from Pelmberg (Upper Austria). Photo H. Bruckner.
Bursts of rapid diversification, multiple dispersals out of southern Africa, and two origins of dioecy punctuate the evolutionary history of Asparagus
<p>Dataset and result files from phylogenomic analysis and ancestral biogeography estimation across the genus <em>Asparagus</em> using the Asparagaceae1726 bait set. </p> <p>Contents of this version replaces Quartet_Sampling.zip in the previous version.</p> <p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Quartet_Sampling_FINAL.zip = input dataset and final results from Quartet Sampling (i.e., 1000 quartet replicates sampled per node) </li> </ul>
The dispersion measure and rotation measure from fast radio burst host galaxies based on the TNG50 simulation
<p>Supplementary data to the paper "The dispersion measure and rotation measure from fast radio burst host galaxies based on the TNG50 simulation" accepted at A&A.</p> <p>The public TNG50 simulation data of the IllustrisTNG project are obtained through the website: https://www.tng-project.org/data/</p> <p>We placed a total of 16.5 million FRBs in 16 500 TNG50 galaxies at redshifts of 0<z<2, with stellar masses in the range 9<log(M*/M_sun)<12. We calculated the DM and RM host galaxy values, which we publish together with the galaxy IDs in TNG50, positions of the FRBs, galaxy inclinations, and the electron density and gas density at the position of the FRBs.</p>
Dataset for 'Context-dependent dispersal mutualisms mediate coexistence of unequal competitors in a metapopulation'
<div> <div>This repo contains code and data for manuscript titled 'Context-dependent dispersal mutualisms mediate coexistence of unequal competitors in a metapopulation'.</div> <div>Mutualisms are context-dependent interactions, with their costs and benefits fluctuating in space and time. Due to their impact on species growth, mutualisms can mediate the coexistence of competing species. One such context-dependent mutualism is endozoochory, where frugivores acquire nutrition by predating on fruits while dispersing their seeds via excretion. The presence of costs and benefits in these mutualisms at different spatial scales and of different currencies (i.e. local predation vs global dispersal) necessitates developing mechanistic models to understand their dynamics. Here, we study how frugivory could engender coexistence between two competing plant species across connected habitats. By combining local population dynamics with ideas from metapopulation theory, we decipher the conditions under which dispersive mutualisms engender competitive coexistence across habitats. We find that frugivore dispersal, fruit consumption rates, and degree of specialisation all contribute to shaping the coexistence of competing fruiting plant species across patches.</div> </div>
Dataset_submission_Prospecting_behaviours_of_immature_eagles_support_the_theory_of_informed_dispersal
<p>This dataset is the one used to produce all the figures and models presented in the submitted paper entitled : <span>Prospecting behaviours of immature eagles support the theory of informed dispersal </span></p>
Riverine sediment geochemistry and its dispersal pattern on the western Sunda Shelf
<p>Table 1: Sample locations, trace element concentrations (ppm), and Sr-Nd isotopes of the sediments analyzed in this study.</p> <p>Table 2: Published Sr-Nd isotopic ratios on Sunda Shelf and South China Sea (SCS).</p> <p>Fig. 1 Normalized REE diagram of Sunda Shelf sediments with multiple references. </p> <p>Fig. 2 Corrected Eu values versus Ba/Sm ratios. The δEu ratios in this study were corrected for Ba16O+ interferences by the formula given by Dulski (1994). After the correction, the corrected ratios show only a weak correlation with Ba/Sm ratios.</p> <p>Fig. 3 Correlation between δEu and Th concentrations of Pahang and Kelantan river sediments.</p> <p>Fig. 4 Correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in sediment samples.</p> <p>Fig. 5 Correlation between Sr (A)-Nd (B) isotopic composition and grain sizes (Mz) in Pahang, Kelantan, Rajang, and Mekong river sediments.</p>
Data and code for: Dispersing rice-associated arthropods ignore a phantom ultrasonic insect chorus
<p>This upload contains all data and code for "Dispersing rice-associated arthropods ignore a phantom ultrasonic insect chorus", submitted to Open Agriculture Journal. Manuscript abstract is pasted below:</p> <p><a name="_Hlk182213735"></a><span>The acoustic environment can provide fitness-enhancing information to dispersing animals, serving as a beacon of profitable habitat and mates, or warning of sub-optimal or dangerous habitat. Irrigated rice ecosystems stretch across tropical Asia and host an exceptionally rich assemblage of sound-producing animals. Here, we experimentally reproduced the ultrasonic chorus of meadow katydids (Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae, Conocephanini), which are egg predators and produce bat-like ticks that could directly deter ultrasound-detecting rice pests. Indirect effects are also possible through arthropod predators’ response to the chorus. We deployed a 100-speaker array in a newly planted rice field to test whether dispersing aerial arthropods during early growth stages (< 60 days after planting) that are naturally katydid-free respond to a chorus playback that was turned on and off hourly. Aerial arthropods were sampled using intercept traps—one nested within a paddy with the speaker array, and one each in two control paddies. Aerial arthropod samples revealed similar temporal abundance patterns among guilds as prior work documenting canopy-sampled arthropods with detritivores accumulating prior to the arrival of predators and herbivores. However, none of the analyzed arthropod functional guilds or taxonomic families exhibited a response to the phantom chorus, suggesting that the ultrasonic chorus emanating from the rice canopy is either imperceptible to, or not warranting of a behavioral response by, the arthropods present in our study. Alternatively, this lack of response for some taxa may have resulted from our inability to sufficiently replicate the true extent of the natural chorus. A subsequent study at sites and during growth stages with larger populations of ultrasonic-hearing herbivores and employing a more robust playback system is needed to further assess arthropod’s potential response to natural ultrasonic insect choruses. In addition to reporting novel biodiversity data on dispersing arthropods colonizing rice, this work contributes to the growing literature describing animals’ response to environmental sounds and has the potential to inform emerging pest control technologies exploiting the sensory systems of crop pests. </span></p>
Data from: Contrasting effects of habitat discontinuity on three closely related fungivorous beetle species with diverging host-use patterns and dispersal ability
Understanding how landscape structure influences biodiversity patterns and ecological processes is essential in ecological research and conservation practices. Forest discontinuity is a primary driver affecting the population persistence and genetic structure of forest-dwelling species. However, the actual impacts on populations are highly species-specific. In this study, we tested whether dispersal capability and host specialization are associated with susceptibility to forest discontinuity using three closely related, sympatric fungivorous ciid beetle species (two host specialists, Octotemnus assimilis and O. crassus; one host generalist, O. kawanabei). Landscape genetic analyses and the estimation of effective migration surfaces (EEMS) method consistently demonstrated contrasting differences in the relationships between genetic structure and configuration of forest land cover. Octotemnus assimilis, one of the specialists with a presumably higher dispersal capability due to lower wing loading, lacked a definite spatial genetic structure in our study landscape. The remaining two species showed clear spatial genetic structure, but the results of landscape genetic analyses differed between the two species: while landscape resistance appeared to describe the spatial genetic structure of the specialist O. crassus, genetic differentiation of the generalist O. kawanabei was explained by geographic distance alone. This finding is consistent with the prediction that non-forest areas act more strongly as barriers between specialist populations. Our results suggest that differences in host range can influence the species-specific resistance to habitat discontinuity among closely related species inhabiting the same landscape.
Data from: Long distance dispersal and genetic structure of natural populations: an assessment of the inverse isolation hypothesis in peat mosses
It is well accepted that the shape of the dispersal kernel, especially its tail, has a substantial effect on the genetic structure of species. Theory predicts that dispersal by fat-tailed kernels reshuffles genetic material and thus preserves genetic diversity during colonization. Moreover, if efficient long distance dispersal is coupled with random colonization, an inverse isolation effect is predicted to develop in which increasing genetic diversity per colonizer is expected with increasing distance from a genetically variable source. By contrast, increasing isolation leads to decreasing genetic diversity when dispersal is via thin-tailed kernels. Here we use a well-established model group for dispersal biology (peat mosses: genus Sphagnum) with a fat-tailed dispersal kernel, and the natural laboratory of the Stockholm archipelago to study the validity of the inverse isolation hypothesis in spore-dispersed plants in island colonization. Population genetic structure of three species (S. fallax, S. fimbriatum and S. palustre) with contrasting life histories and ploidy levels were investigated on a set of islands using microsatellites. Our data show (φ'st, AMOVA, IBD) that dispersal of the two most abundant species can be well approximated by a random colonization model. We find that genetic diversity per colonizer on islands increases with distance from the mainland for S. fallax and S. fimbriatum. By contrast, S. palustre deviates from this pattern, owing to its restricted distribution in the region affecting its source pool strength. Therefore, the inverse isolation effect appears to hold in natural populations of peat mosses and, likely, in other organisms with small diaspores.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.