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1,445 results for “Distances”
Data for the article "Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in the ultra-low damping alpha-Fe2O3 antiferromagnet"
<p>Data for experimental magneto-transport and resonance measurements for the article " Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in the ultra-low damping α-Fe2O3 antiferromagnet " (https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14414)</p>
Distance estimates for "Gaia Early Data Release 3: The Galactic anticentre"
<p>Distance estimates used by "Gaia Early Data Release 3: The Galactic anticentre", Gaia Collaboration, Antoja et al.</p> <p>These are Bayesian distances with an iterative prior, referred to as d<sub>PM </sub>within the paper (Appendix C). A parallax zero-point correction of 17µas has been applied before calculation.</p> <p>Any use of these distances should cite that paper.</p>
Data from: Distance-dependent seedling mortality and long-term spacing dynamics in a neotropical forest community
Negative distance dependence (NDisD), or reduced recruitment near adult conspecifics, is thought to explain the astounding diversity of tropical forests. While many studies show greater mortality at near vs. far distances from adults, these studies do not seek to track changes in the peak seedling curve over time, thus limiting our ability to link NDisD to coexistence. Using census data collected over 12 years from central Panama in conjunction with spatial mark-connection functions, we show evidence for NDisD for many species, and find that the peak seedling curve shifts away from conspecific adults over time. We find wide variation in the strength of NDisD, which was correlated with seed size and canopy position, but other life-history traits showed no relationship with variation in NDisD mortality. Our results document shifts in peak seedling densities over time, thus providing evidence for the hypothesized spacing mechanism necessary for diversity maintenance in tropical forests.
Fig. 2. Scuba diver using a in Are Abrolhos no-take area sites of naïve fish? An evaluation using flight initiation distance of labrids
Fig. 2. Scuba diver using a wooden handle to simulate the spearfisher behavior.
Data from: Validating dispersal distances inferred from autoregressive occupancy models with genetic parentage assignments
1.Dispersal distances are commonly inferred from occupancy data but have rarely been validated. Estimating dispersal from occupancy data is further complicated by imperfect detection and the presence of unsurveyed patches. 2.We compared dispersal distances inferred from seven years of occupancy data for 212 wetlands in a metapopulation of the secretive and threatened California black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) to distances between parent-offspring dyads identified with 16 microsatellites. 3.We used a novel autoregressive multi-season occupancy model that accounted for both unsurveyed patches and imperfect detection to quantify patch isolation using buffer radius (BRM) and incidence function (IFM) connectivity measures at 15 scales (1–10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 km). Connectivity measures were then fit as colonization covariates in occupancy models to estimate a model-averaged dispersal distance. 4.As predicted, colonization was more strongly related to connectivity at small spatial scales (< 10 km). AIC weights were greatest at 7 km for BRM and at 4 km for IFM. 5.Model-averaged dispersal distances (BRM = 7.46 km; IFM = 5.48 km) showed good agreement with the mean (± SE) dispersal distance from 23 parent-offspring dyads (5.58 ± 1.92 km), indicating reasonably accurate mean dispersal distances can be inferred from occupancy data when isolation strongly affects colonization.
Data from: Explosion-generated infrasound recorded on ground and airborne microbarometers at regional distances
Recent work in deploying infrasound (low frequency sound) sensors on aerostats and free flying balloons has shown them to be viable alternatives to ground stations. However, no study to date has compared the performance of surface and free floating infrasound microbarometers with respect to acoustic events at regional (100s of kilometers) range. The prospect of enhanced detection of aerial explosions at similar ranges, such as those from bolides, has not been investigated either. We examined infrasound signals from three 1 ton TNT equivalent explosions using microbarometers on two separate balloons at ranges of 280 to 400 km and ground stations at ranges of 6.3 to 350 km. Signal celerities were consistent with acoustic waves traveling in the stratospheric duct. However, significant differences were noted between the observed arrival patterns and those predicted by an acoustic propagation model. Very low background noise levels on the balloons were consistent with previous studies that suggest wind interference is minimal on freely drifting sensors. Simulated propagation patterns and observed noise levels also confirm that balloon-borne microbarometers should be very effective at detecting explosions in the middle and upper atmosphere as well as those on the surface.
Consistent measures of oxidative balance predict survival but not reproduction in a long-distance migrant
1. Physiological processes, including those that disrupt oxidative balance, have been proposed as key to understanding fundamental life history trade-offs. Yet examination of changes in oxidative balance within wild animals across time, space and major life history challenges remain uncommon. For example, migration presents substantial physiological challenges for individuals, and data on migratory individuals would provide crucial context for exposing the importance of relationships between oxidative balance and fitness outcomes. 2. Here we examined the consistency of commonly used measures of oxidative balance in longitudinally sampled free-living individuals of a long-lived, long-distance migrant, the Brent goose Branta bernicla hrota over periods of months to years. 3. Although inter-individual and temporal variation in measures of oxidative balance were substantial, we found high consistency in measures of lipid peroxidation and circulating non-enzymatic antioxidants in longitudinally sampled individuals. This suggests the potential for the existence of individual oxidative phenotypes. 4. Given intra-individual consistency, we then examined how these physiological measures relate to survival and reproductive success across all sampled individuals. Surprisingly, lower survival was predicted for individuals with lower levels of damage, with no measured physiological metric associated with reproductive success. 5. Our results demonstrate that snapshot measurements of a consistent measure of oxidative balance can inform our understanding of differences in a key demographic trait. However, the positive relationship between oxidative damage and survival emphasises the need to investigate relationships between the oxidative system and fitness outcomes in other species undergoing similar physiologically challenging lifecycles. This would highlight the extent to which variation in such traits and resource allocation trade-offs is a result of adaptation to different life history strategies. 30-Mar-2020
Data from: Isolation by distance and isolation by environment contribute to population differentiation in Protea repens (Proteaceae L.), a widespread South African species
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa is renowned for its botanical diversity, but the evolutionary origins of this diversity remain controversial. Both neutral and adaptive processes have been implicated in driving diversification, but population-level studies of plants in the CFR are rare. Here, we investigate the limits to gene flow and potential environmental drivers of selection in Protea repens L. (Proteaceae L.), a widespread CFR species. METHODS: We sampled 19 populations across the range of P. repens and used genotyping by sequencing to identify 2066 polymorphic loci in 663 individuals. We used a Bayesian FST outlier analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) marking genomic regions that may be under selection; we used those SNPs to identify potential drivers of selection and excluded them from analyses of gene flow and genetic structure. RESULTS: A pattern of isolation by distance suggested limited gene flow between nearby populations. The populations of P. repens fell naturally into two or three groupings, which corresponded to an east-west split. Differences in rainfall seasonality contributed to diversification in highly divergent loci, as do barriers to gene flow that have been identified in other species. CONCLUSIONS: The strong pattern of isolation by distance is in contrast to the findings in the only other widespread species in the CFR that has been similarly studied, while the effects of rainfall seasonality are consistent with well-known patterns. Assessing the generality of these results will require investigations of other CFR species.
Data from: Seasonal food scarcity prompts long-distance foraging by a wild social bee
Foraging is an essential process for mobile animals and its optimization serves as a foundational theory in ecology and evolution; however, drivers of foraging are rarely investigated across landscapes and seasons. Using a common bumble bee species from the Western US (Bombus vosnesenskii), we ask if seasonal decreases in food resources prompt changes in foraging behavior and space use. We employ a unique integration of population genetic tools and spatially-explicit foraging models to estimate foraging distances and rates of patch visitation for wild bumble bee colonies across three study regions and two seasons. By mapping the locations of 669 wild-caught individual foragers, we find substantial variation in colony-level foraging distances, often exhibiting a 60-fold difference within a study region. Our analysis of visitation rates indicates that foragers display a preference for high-cover destination patches and forage significantly further for these patches, but only in the summer, when landscape-level resources are low. Overall, these results indicate that an increasing proportion of long-distance foraging bouts take place in the summer. As pollinators, the foraging dynamics of wild bees are of urgent concern given the potential impacts of global change on their movement and services. The behavioral shift towards long-distance foraging with seasonal declines in food resources suggests a novel phenologically-directed approach to landscape-level pollinator conservation and increased evaluation of late-season floral resources.
Data from: The Chord-Normalized Expected Species Shared (CNESS)-distance represents a superior measure of species turnover patterns
<p>1. Measures of β-diversity characterizing the difference in species composition between samples are commonly used in ecological studies. Nonetheless, commonly used dissimilarity measures require high sample completeness, or at least similar sample sizes between samples. In contrast, the Chord-Normalized Expected Species Shared (CNESS) dissimilarity measure calculates the probability of collecting the same set of species in random samples of a standardized size, and hence is not sensitive to completeness or size of compared samples. To date, this index has enjoyed limited use due to difficulties in its calculation and scarcity of studies systematically comparing it with other measures.</p> <p>2. Here, we developed a novel R function that enables users to calculate ESS (Expected Species Shared)-associated measures. We evaluate the performance of the CNESS index based on simulated datasets of known species distribution structure, and compared CNESS with more widespread dissimilarity measures (Bray-Curtis index, Chao-Sørensen index, and proportionality based Euclidean distances) for varying sample completeness and sample sizes.</p> <p>3. Simulation results indicated that for small sample size (m) values, CNESS chiefly reflects similarities in dominant species, while selecting large m values emphasizes differences in the overall species assemblages. Permutation tests revealed that CNESS has a consistently low CV (coefficient of variation) even where sample completeness varies, while the Chao-Sørensen index has a high CV particularly for low sampling completeness. CNESS distances are also more robust than other indices with regards to undersampling, particularly when chiefly rare species are shared between two assemblages.</p> <p>4. Our results emphasize the superiority of CNESS for comparisons of samples diverging in sample completeness and size, which is particularly important in studies of highly mobile and species-rich taxa where sample completeness is often low. Via changes in the sample size parameter m, CNESS furthermore cannot only provide insights into the similarity of the overall distribution structure of shared species, but also into the differences in dominant and rare species, hence allowing additional, valuable insights beyond the capability of more widespread measures.<br> </p>
Data from: Rare long-distance dispersal of a marine angiosperm across the Pacific Ocean
Aim: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) events occur rarely but play a fundamental role in shaping species biogeography. Lying at the heart of island biogeography theory, LDD relies on unusual events to facilitate colonisation of new habitats and range expansion. Despite the importance of LDD, it is inherently difficult to quantify due to the rarity of such events. We estimate the probability of LDD of the seagrass Heterozostera nigricaulis, a common Australian species, across the Pacific Ocean to colonise South America.Location: Coastal Chile, Australia and the Pacific Ocean. Methods: Genetic analysis of H. nigricaulis collected from Chile and Australia were used to assess the relationship between the populations and levels of clonality. Ocean surface current models were used to predict the probability of propagules dispersing from South East Australia to Central Chile and shipping data used to determine the likelihood of anthropogenic dispersal. Results: Our study infers that the seagrass H. nigricaulis dispersed from Australia across the entire width of the Pacific (~14,000 km) to colonise South America on two occasions. Genetic analyses reveal that these events led to two large isolated clones, one of which covers a combined area of 3.47 km2. Oceanographic models estimate the arrival probability of a dispersal propagule within 3 years to be at most 0.00264%. Early shipping provides a potential alternative dispersal vector, yet few ships sailed from SE Australia to Chile prior to the first recording of H. nigricaulis and the lack of more recent and ongoing introductions demonstrate the rarity of such dispersal. Main Conclusion: These findings demonstrate LDD does occur over extreme distance despite very low probabilities. The large number of propagules (100s of millions) produced over 100s of years suggests that the arrival of propagules in Chile was inevitable and confirms the importance of LDD for species distributions and community ecology.
Plant dispersal syndromes are unreliable as predictors of zoochory and long-distance dispersal by ungulates and waterbirds
<p>Plant dispersal syndromes are allocated based on diaspore morphology and used to predict mechanisms of dispersal. Many authors assume that only angiosperms with endozoochory, epizoochory or anemochory syndromes have a long-distance dispersal (LDD) mechanism. Too much faith is often placed in classical syndromes to explain historical dispersal events and to predict future ones. The "endozoochory syndrome" is actually a "frugivory syndrome" and has often diverted attention from endozoochory by non-frugivores (e.g. waterbirds and large herbivores) that disperse a broad range of angiosperms, for which they likely provide the maximum dispersal distances. Neither the endozoochory nor the epizoochory syndromes provide helpful predictions of which plants non-frugivores disperse, or by which mechanism. We combined data from Albert et al. (2015a), Soons et al. (2016) and Julve (1998) to show that only 4% of European plant species dispersed by ungulate endozoochory belong to the corresponding syndrome, compared to 36% for ungulate epizoochory and 8% for endozoochory by migratory ducks. In contrast, the proportions of these species that are assigned to an "unassisted syndrome" are 37%, 31% and 28%, respectively. Since allocated syndromes do not adequately account for zoochory, empirical studies often fail to find the expected relationship between syndromes and LDD events such as those underlying the colonization of islands or latitudinal migration. We need full incorporation of existing zoochory data into dispersal databases, and more empirical research into the relationship between plant traits and the frequency and effectiveness of different dispersal mechanisms (paying attention to unexpected vectors). Acknowledging the broad role of non-frugivores in facilitating LDD is crucial to improve predictions of the consequences of global change, such as how plant distributions respond to climate change, and how alien plants spread. Networks of dispersal interactions between these vertebrates and plants are a vital but understudied part of the Web of Life. The datasets we present here illustrate these limitations of syndromes, and include data from Brochet et al. (2010) regarding the syndromes of plants dispersed by Eurasian Teal via epizoochory or endozoochory.</p>
Output from carbon forest edge effect analysis: edge effect distance and magnitude
<p>Carbon edge effect distance and magnitude results for edge effects on forest carbon stocks across the tropics. In grid cells where the majority of pixels were from forest biomes, we consider three candidate regression models to represent the relationship between biomass density and distance to forest edge. In particular, we consider:</p> <p>method 1: Biomass= θ_1-θ_2⋅exp(-θ_3⋅Distance)</p> <p>method 2: Biomass= β_0+β_1⋅ln(Distance)</p> <p>method 3: Biomass = \eta_0+\eta_1 * Distance</p> <p>Then, for each grid cell, the candidate with the highest $R^2$ is used to best represent the relationship between density and distance to forest edge. Models (2) and (3) were deemed as suitable (and more simplistic) alternatives in cells where higher distances were generally not observed and as a result the forest core was not firmly established. We also note that in the vast majority of grid cells, model (1) was optimal. For each cell the magnitude and distance of the edge effect were again estimated. In cells using models (2) or (3) the forest core () was estimated as the average biomass density at the largest observed distance in the cell.</p> <p>regression_coefficients_as_shapefile - projected spatially as an ESRI Shapefile where the methods are defined as:</p>
Statistical Test of Distance-Duality Relation with Type Ia Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (2nd version)
<p>This package contains data and processing tools for replicating the research presented in the paper "Statistical Test of Distance-Duality Relation with Type Ia Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations" (2016, preprint, arXiv:1604.04631 https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.04631).</p> <p>An earlier version (https://zenodo.org/record/49825) has already been made available. In this updated version, we use the recently released consensus BOSS BAO measurement results (arXiv:1607.03155) as the source of angular-diameter distances. The choices of complementary cosmological parameters are expanded to include extensions to the Planck base-ΛCDM model parameters. In addition, various programming bugs are fixed.</p> <p>The compressed archive file "ddmc-nosample-v2.tar.bz2" contains only the compressed SNIa data, the BAO measurements, and the Planck chain files. The random samples can be re-created by the tools included in the package. This is the file suitable for low-speed download.</p> <p>The file "ddmc-v2.tar.bz2" contains the full set of random sample output files and analysis results in addition to those in the "ddmc-nosample-v2.tar.bz2" file.</p> <p>The file "CHECKSUM-sha1" contains the SHA1 hash values for verifying file integrity.</p> <p>Please read the README files in each package for more details and instructions.</p>
Statistical Test of Distance-Duality Relation with Type Ia Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (1st version)
<p>This package contains data and processing tools for replicating the research presented in the paper "Statistical Test of Distance-Duality Relation with Type Ia Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations" (2016, preprint, arXiv:1604.04631 https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.04631).</p> <p>The compressed archive file "ddmc-nosample.tar.bz2" contains only the compressed SNIa data, the BAO data parameters, and the Planck chain files. The random samples can be re-created by the tools included in the package. This is the file suitable for low-speed download.</p> <p>The file "ddmc.tar.bz2" contains the full set of random sample output files and analysis results in addition to those in the "ddmc-nosample.tar.bz2" file.</p> <p>The file "CHECKSUM-sha1" contains the SHA1 hash values for verifying file integrity.</p> <p>Please read the README files in each package for more details and instructions.</p>
Gaze-dependent Coding of Somatosensory Reach Targets after Effector Movement: Testing the Impact of Online Information, Movement Timing, and Target Distance
<p>The uploaded files contain data as SPSS data files (.sav) and tab delimited (.csv) textfiles as well as the respective variable desriptions as images (.png). In particular, I uploaded 1) the raw data, 2) the means of reach errors which we analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA, and 3) the means of ellipse sizes on which repeated-measures ANOVA of precision were based.</p> <p>After publication of the article, I also uploaded the reported analyses and corresponding datafiles (plus some more material) here: </p> <p>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.821307</p>
Figure 4. - Intralineage and interlineage uncorrected genetic distance values for the "ivonicus/yuna" and "carteri" lineages.
Figure 4. - Intralineage and interlineage uncorrected genetic distance values for the "ivonicus/yuna" and "carteri" lineages.
Measures of the heights of the letters of the ostraca with scale of Iruña-Veleia, and, distances between lines and between letters of the ostraca with scale of Iruña-Veleia.
<p>Measures of the heights of the letters of the ostraca with scale of Iruña-Veleia, and, distances between lines and between letters of the ostraca with scale of Iruña-Veleia.</p>
Insect pollinator behavior as a function of distance to the nearest turbine
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
PhiPiPi Dataset for our paper "Event Generation and Consistence Test for Physics with Sliced Wasserstein Distance"
<p>The PhiPiPi dataset is used to train and test our fast event simulation model for our paper "Event Generation and Consistence Test for Physics with Sliced Wasserstein Distance" in <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.17897">https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.17897</a>. The dataset is generated by BES III simulation framework to simulate phase-space Monte Carlo events, focusing on the production of psi(2S) in electron-positron annihilation. This intricate process entails the psi(2S) decay into a trio of particles: phi, pi+, and pi-, with the phi particle subsequently decaying into a K+ and K- pair.</p><p>We have meticulously partitioned the data into distinct sets for training, validation, and testing to facilitate a robust machine learning workflow. Each set is systematically saved in the convenient npy format for ease of access and integration.</p><p>The dataset contains the four-momentum components (px, py, pz, E) of the final-state particles: K+, K-, pi+, and pi-. This comprehensive inclusion ensures a detailed representation of the kinematic properties of the particles for accurate model training.</p><p>Researchers and practitioners are invited to use this dataset by incorporating it into our public code repository: <a href="https://github.com/caihao/SWD-EvtGen">https://github.com/caihao/SWD-EvtGen</a>. Doing so will enable the training of our fast event simulation model, enhancing the fidelity and efficiency of high energy physics simulations.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.