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FIGURE 5 in Free living marine nematodes of the genus Parodontophora (Axonolaimidae) from the East China Sea, with descriptions of five new species and a pictorial key

FIGURE 5. Light micrographs of Parodontophora irregularis sp. nov. A: anterior body end of male, showing amphid, cephalic setae and opisthocephalic setae; B: anterior body end of female, showing buccal cavity; C: lateral view of male body part, showing copulatory apparatus; D: supplements in male; E: vulva region; F: posterior body end of female; G: ovary region; H: full view of male body. Scale bars: A, B, C, D = 10 Μm; E = 25 Μm; F, G = 50 Μm; H = 200 Μm.

FIGURE 4 in Free living marine nematodes of the genus Parodontophora (Axonolaimidae) from the East China Sea, with descriptions of five new species and a pictorial key

FIGURE 4. Parodontophora irregularis sp. nov. A: lateral view of male anterior part; B: lateral view of female head; C: lateral view of copulatory apparatus; D: lateral view of male tail and spicule; E: lateral view of female tail; F: lateral view of female reproductive system. Scale bar: A, B, C, D, E = 20 Μm; F = 40 Μm.

FIGURE 3 in Free living marine nematodes of the genus Parodontophora (Axonolaimidae) from the East China Sea, with descriptions of five new species and a pictorial key

FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of Parodontophora aequiramus sp. nov. A: anterior body end of male, showing amphid, cephalic setae and opisthocephalic setae; B: anterior body end of female, showing buccal cavity; C: lateral view of male body part, showing spicule with three small projections in distal end; D: supplements in male; E: anterior body end of female, showing armilliths; F: vulva region; G: posterior body end of female; H: ovary region; I: full view of male body. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, E = 10 Μm; F = 25 Μm; G, H = 50 Μm; I = 200 Μm.

FIGURE 2 in Free living marine nematodes of the genus Parodontophora (Axonolaimidae) from the East China Sea, with descriptions of five new species and a pictorial key

FIGURE 2. Parodontophora aequiramus sp. nov. A: lateral view of male anterior part; B: lateral view of female head; C: lateral view of copulatory apparatus; D: lateral view of male tail and spicule; E: lateral view of female tail; F: lateral view of female reproductive system. Scale bar: A, B, C, D, E = 20 Μm; F = 60 Μm.

FIGURE 10 in Free living marine nematodes of the genus Parodontophora (Axonolaimidae) from the East China Sea, with descriptions of five new species and a pictorial key

FIGURE 10. Parodontophora paramicroseta sp. nov. A: lateral view of male anterior part; B: lateral view of female head; C: lateral view of copulatory apparatus; D: lateral view of male tail and spicule; E: lateral view of female tail; F: lateral view of female reproductive system. Scale bar: A, B, C, D, E = 20 Μm; F = 40 Μm.

FIGURES 4–8. Stenus tianmushanus 4 male sternite VII 5 male sternite IX 6 valvifers and spermatheca 7, 8 in A study on the genus Stenus Latreille from Tianmushan Mountain Chain of East China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

FIGURES 4–8. Stenus tianmushanus 4 male sternite VII 5 male sternite IX 6 valvifers and spermatheca 7, 8 aedeagus. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 14–19. Stenus pseudomicuba 14 male sternite VII 15 male sternite IX 16 valvifers and spermatheca 17 spermatheca 18, 19 in A study on the genus Stenus Latreille from Tianmushan Mountain Chain of East China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

FIGURES 14–19. Stenus pseudomicuba 14 male sternite VII 15 male sternite IX 16 valvifers and spermatheca 17 spermatheca 18, 19 aedeagus. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 9–13. Stenus tonghanggangus 9 male sternite VII 10 male sternite IX 11 valvifers and spermatheca 12, 13 in A study on the genus Stenus Latreille from Tianmushan Mountain Chain of East China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

FIGURES 9–13. Stenus tonghanggangus 9 male sternite VII 10 male sternite IX 11 valvifers and spermatheca 12, 13 aedeagus. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Paroctonchus nanjiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Nematoda, Enoplida, Oncholaimidae) from intertidal sediments in the East China Sea

FIGURE 4. Paroctonchus nanjiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. Female paratype. A: The reflexed anterior ovary; B: Vulva, short vagina and many small glandular cells; C: Overview of the two reflexed ovaries without demanian system; D: The conicalcylindrical tail. Scale bars: A, B = 30 µm; C, D = 50 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Paroctonchus nanjiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Nematoda, Enoplida, Oncholaimidae) from intertidal sediments in the East China Sea

FIGURE 3. Paroctonchus nanjiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. Males. A–D: Head of the male holotype, showing the sclerotized buccal cavity with three large teeth with the left ventrosublateral tooth the largest and many additional small teeth on the wall of buccal cavity, each lip with one outer labial seta (arrowhead) and the transverse slit-like aperture of the amphidial fovea (arrow); E: Head of a male paratype, showing the largest left ventrosublateral tooth and the dorsal view of the amphidial fovea (arrow); F–H: Posterior region and overview of the male holotype, showing the body outline, the short and straight spicules, many wart-like supplements (arrows) and the conical-cylindrical tail. Scale bars: A–G = 30 µm; H = 100 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Paroctonchus nanjiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Nematoda, Enoplida, Oncholaimidae) from intertidal sediments in the East China Sea

FIGURE 5. Juveniles of Paroctonchus nanjiensis sp. nov. (A, B), Octonchus marinus (C, D), Patagonema iubatum (E, F) and four representative genera/subfamilies of the families Oncholaimidae (G–I) and Enchelidiidae (J). A, B: Juvenile of Paroctonchus nanjiensis sp. nov. with three large teeth and many additional small teeth and a conical-cylindrical tail; C, D: Juvenile of Octonchus marinus with one large tooth and eight small teeth and a conical tail (after Schulz 1932); E, F: Juvenile of Patagonema iubatum with three large teeth and three mandibular ridges with small teeth (after Pastor de Ward et al. 2015); G: Oncholaimelloides, representing the subfamily Oncholaimellinae, typically with three teeth: one large and two slightly smaller teeth (after Murphy 1966); H: Eurystomina, representing the family Enchelidiidae, with three teeth and many denticles (after de Man 1907); I: The three teeth are either very small or absent in the subfamily Pelagonematinae, in which Phaenoncholaimus has a well-developed dorsal tooth and an inconspicuous left ventrosublateral tooth (after Kreis 1934); J: No teeth exist in Krampia of the subfamily Krampiinae (after Belogurov & Dashenko 1981).

FIGURE 8. A in A new genus and new species of Potamidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidae), the first stygomorphic cave crab known from China and East Asia

FIGURE 8. A Bayesian inference (BI) tree of 16S rDNA for the subfamily Potamiscinae, with the sequences and accession numbers in Shih et al. (2009), as well as some additional species (see Material and methods). The species inhabited in Chinese caves are highlighted in gray. Probability values at the nodes represent support values for BI and maximum likelihood (ML). Only values> 50% are shown.

FIGURE 4. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n in A new genus and new species of Potamidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidae), the first stygomorphic cave crab known from China and East Asia

FIGURE 4. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n. sp., paratype male (30.6×22.6 mm) (SYSBM). A, right ambulatory legs; B, dorsal view of right major cheliped; C, outer view of right major chela showing molariform teeth; D, outer view of left minor chela. C and D same scales.

FIGURE 3. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n in A new genus and new species of Potamidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidae), the first stygomorphic cave crab known from China and East Asia

FIGURE 3. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n. sp., paratype male (30.6×22.6 mm) (SYSBM). A, dorsal view of carapace; B, frontal view of cephalothorax showing antennules, antennae, orbit, eye and epistome; C, right anterolateral margin; D, frontal view of cephalothorax showing orbit, eye, pterygostomial and suborbital regions; E, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and abdomen; F, posteroventral view showing posterior thoracic sternum and abdomen. Abbreviations: a1–a6 = male abdominal somites 1–6, respectively; cx5 = coxa of fifth ambulatory leg; st5–8 = thoracic sternites 5–8, respectively; t = telson.

FIGURE 2. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n in A new genus and new species of Potamidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidae), the first stygomorphic cave crab known from China and East Asia

FIGURE 2. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (32.3×23.9 mm) (SYSBM 001551). A, dorsal overall view; B, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and abdomen; D, ventral view showing sterno-abdominal cavity with right G1 in situ (left G1 removed).

FIGURE 5. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n in A new genus and new species of Potamidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidae), the first stygomorphic cave crab known from China and East Asia

FIGURE 5. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (32.3×23.9 mm) (SYSBM 001551). A, left G1 (ventral view); B, left G2; C, G1 terminal segment (ventral view); D, left third maxilliped. Scales = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 1. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n in A new genus and new species of Potamidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidae), the first stygomorphic cave crab known from China and East Asia

FIGURE 1. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n. sp., color in life. A, male, specimen not collected; B, underground stream at type locality.

FIGURE 6. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n in A new genus and new species of Potamidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidae), the first stygomorphic cave crab known from China and East Asia

FIGURE 6. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n. sp., male holotype (32.3×23.9 mm) (SYSBM 001551). A, left G1 (ventral view); B, G1 terminal segment (ventral view); C, anterior thoracic sternum.

FIGURE 7. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n in A new genus and new species of Potamidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidae), the first stygomorphic cave crab known from China and East Asia

FIGURE 7. Diyutamon cereum n. gen., n. sp., female paratype (26.5×19.2 mm) (SYSBM). A, dorsal overall view; B, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, outer view of right chela; D, outer view of left chela; E, ventral view of abdomen, showing the vulvae (vu).

FIGURES 1–6 in Supplement to the knowledge of the genus Scaphidium Olivier of East China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae)

FIGURES 1–6. Scaphidium ahrensi sp. n. 1, 2 habitus 3 aedeagus 4 internal sac in detail 5 antena 6 male front leg in ventral view. Scales = 1 mm (1, 2, 5, 6), scales = 0.25 mm (3, 4).