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389 results for “Herbs”
Figures 9-16 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 9-16 9Diplolepis bicolor, lateral view (USNMENT01231831) 10Diplolepis bicolor, lateral view (USNMENT01231831) 11Diplolepis bicolor, dorsal view (USNMENT01231831) 12Diplolepis rosae, fore wing (USNMENT00655959) 13Dryocosmus kuriphilus, lateral view (USNMENT01231861) 14Andricus quercuscalifornicus, lateral view (USNMENT01231839) 15Dryocosmus kuriphilus, dorsolateral view (USNMENT01231861) 16Andricus cornigerus, fore wing (USNMENT00655954). Abbreviations: hyp = hypopygium, mci = mesopleural crenulate impression, scf = scutellar foveae.
Figures 17-20 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 17-20 17Synergus sp., metasoma, dorsolateral view (USNMENT01231858) 18Ceroptres sp., metasoma, dorsolateral view (USNMENT00917016) 19Aulacidea cf. hieracii, metasoma, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000253105) 20Antistrophus pisum, metasoma, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000247264). Arrows indicate length of longest metasomal tergite.
Figures 30-33 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 30-33 30Ceroptres sp., head, anterior view (USNMENT00917016) 31Ceroptres sp., metasoma, dorsolateral view (USNMENT00917016) 32Buffingtonella polita, head, anterior view (USNMENT00892509) 33Buffingtonella polita, lateral view (USNMENT00892509). Abbreviations: dep = depressed intratorular area, fac = facial carinae, T1 = first metasomal tergite.
Figures 38-41 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 38-41 38Synophromorpha sp., dorsolateral view (USNMENT01448499) 39Diastrophus kincaidii, tarsal claw (PSUC_FEM 000251280) 40Antistrophus laciniatus, anterodorsal view (USNMENT01448496) 41Antistrophus silphii, tarsal claw (CYNANT0048). Abbreviations: mtl = metatarsal claw lobe, ppt = pronotal plate.
Figures 80-82 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 80-82 80Phanacis sp., anterodorsal view (USNMENT01448498) 81Phanacis sp., wings (USNMENT01231855) 82Phanacis sp., lateral view (USNMENT01231855).
Figures 70-72 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 70-72 70Dryocosmus kuriphilus, lateral view (USNMENT01231861) 71Andricus quercuscalifornicus, lateral view (USNMENT01231839) 72Phylloteras sp., lateral view (USNMENT01231835).
Figures 48-51 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 48-51 48Phanacis sp., anterodorsal view (USNMENT01448498) 49Phanacis sp., wings (USNMENT01231855) 50Antistrophus laciniatus, anterodorsal view (USNMENT01448496) 51Antistrophus laciniatus, wings (USNMENT01448496); dotted line indicates margin of fore wing. Abbreviations: mep = pronotal submedial pits.
Figures 73-75 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 73-75 73Diastrophus kincaidii, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000251280) 74Periclistus sp., lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000250920) 75Synophromorpha sp., lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000250918).
Figures 27-29 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 27-29 27Ceroptres sp., metasoma, dorsolateral view (USNMENT00917016) 28Diastrophus kincaidii, metasoma, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000251280) 29Periclistus sp., lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000250920). Abbreviations: T2 = second metasomal tergite, T2+3 = completely fused second and third metasomal tergites.
Figures 46- 47 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 46- 47 46Synophromorpha sp., dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 000250918) 47Diastrophus kincaidii, dorsal view (PSUC_FEM 000251280).
Figures 68- 69 from: Nastasi LF, Buffington ML, Davis CK, Deans AR (2024) Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato). ZooKeys 1196: 177-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460
Figures 68- 69 68Buffingtonella polita, lateral view (USNMENT00892509) 69Ceroptres sp., lateral view (USNMENT00917016).
Survey data of Chinese medicinal herb farmers
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The hidden half of the fine root differentiation in herbs: nonacquisitive belowground organs determine fine-root traits
<p>Plants rely on roots for absorption of nutrients from the soil. Differences in traits of fine roots and of the root system in general thus underlie differences among individual species in their ability to live in habitats differing in nutrient status and interactions with other species. Here we examine to what extent structure of the root system is determined by whole-plant parameters, namely the expected life span of the rooting units (either genetic individuals or ramets in clonally growing plants) and the type of belowground nonacquisitive organs such as rhizomes. By using phylogenetic comparative techniques we confirm the existence of two independent directions of variation in root traits, namely fast-slow continuum and cooperation continuum and show that the fast-slow continuum is associated with the increasing lifespan of the plant's rooting units (from annuals and stoloniferous species through rhizomatous species up to nonclonal perennial species). Lifespan of the rooting unit thus determines a range of root traits, namely root mass fraction (proportion of roots from the total biomass) and root tissue density. This shared continuum in root traits, life span of the rooting units and the type of belowground nonacquisitive organs is correlated with the environment where the species typically occur, with fast end (annual and stoloniferous species) occurring in productive and disturbed, and slow end (nonclonal perennials) in unproductive habitats. Further, clonal species have slightly shallower and thinner roots as their roots are relieved from the transport function which is served by horizontal stemderived organs (stolons and rhizomes). This confirms that plant lifespan and belowground nonacquisitive organs must be considered as determinants for (fine) root traits in herbs.</p>
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the medicinal herb Veronica polita Fr. (Lamiales: Plantaginaceae)
<p><em>Veronica polita</em> Fr. (synonym: <em>Veronica didyma</em> Ten.), an annual herbaceous species with high medicinal values, is originally from Southwest Asia but has been naturalized widely in many regions of the world. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of <em>V. polita</em> was determined to be 150,191 bp long with a typical quadripartite structure. It encodes a panel of 114 genes with 18 of them being completely or partially duplicated and 19 of them possessing one or two introns. The phylogenetic analysis appeared to support the tribal-level taxonomy of the family Plantaginaceae, and revealed that <em>V. polita</em> was most closely related to the congener <em>V. persica</em>.</p>
The complete chloroplast genome of Pedicularis rudis Maxim. (Lamiales: Orobanchaceae), a perennial herb endemic to China
<p><em>Pedicularis rudis</em> Maxim. is a species of perennial herb endemic to China. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of <em>P. rudis</em> was determined to be 151,443 bp long with a typical quadripartite structure, comprising two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb, 25,719 bp each), a large single-copy (LSC) region (83,119 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (16,886 bp). It encodes a panel of 110 genes with 19 of them being completely or partially duplicated and 18 of them possessing one or two introns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that <em>P. rudis</em> was most closely related to the congener <em>P. shansiensis</em>.</p>
Taxonomy and relationships within polemonium foliosissimum (Polemoniaceae): Untangling a clade of colorful and gynodioecious herbs
<p>New molecular and ecological data have necessitated taxonomic revisions of several species complexes within <i>Polemonium </i>(Polemoniaceae), including <i>P. foliosissimum</i>, an herbaceous perennial widespread in the Intermountain West of the United States. As currently circumscribed, <i>P. foliosissimum</i> is a highly polymorphic species of four taxonomic varieties. One of the most striking morphological traits of the species is its diversity in flower color, which is unusual for the genus. Several species have been proposed based on this variation in flower color. However, these names have been treated as infraspecific taxa because previous authors have concluded that the presence of micropollen grains throughout the geographic range of the species complex indicated partial hybrid sterility and therefore incomplete barriers to gene flow. However, recent evidence suggests that micropollen is instead due to a gynodioecious breeding system. Using 128 nuclear loci and eight quantitative morphological traits, I clarify relationships and taxonomy within the species complex. I show that what is currently circumscribed as four varieties of <i>P. foliosissimum</i> represent five species that, in addition to differing in corolla color, differ in leaflet number, corolla size, and vegetative and floral pubescence. I propose a new species endemic to the White Mountains of southeastern Arizona, <b><i>Polemonium apachianum</i></b>. This study provides a new phylogenetic context and taxonomic circumscription to serve as a framework for future research on the evolution of floral color and sexual systems in a previously misunderstood but evolutionarily exciting system.</p>
Microsatellite data from: Multiple colonizations and genetic differentiation from the mainland populations in insular populations of the perennial herb Solidago virgaurea complex (Asteraceae) on recently formed nearshore oceanic islands
<p><b>Aim: </b>Although the evolution of island endemic plants has long been investigated, the majority of such studies have focused on species with remarkable levels of morphological variation and on islands substantially far from the mainland. Except for a few examples such as the Canary Islands, endemic plants on nearshore oceanic islands have received less attention. In this study, we examined the <i>Solidago virgaurea </i>complex on the Japanese mainland Honshu and the adjacent Izu Islands to investigate the population genetic structure and dynamics in plants endemic to nearshore and recently formed oceanic islands.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Japanese mainland Honshu and the adjacent Izu Islands</p> <p><b>Taxon: </b><i>Solidago virgaurea</i> (Asteraceae)</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>Sixteen and nine populations of <i>S. virgaurea</i> complex were sampled from the mainland and islands, respectively; phylogeographic and population genetics analyses were performed using plastid DNA and nuclear microsatellite DNA variations.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Phylogenetically close plastid DNA haplotypes were shared between the mainland and islands, although the populations of <i>S. virgaurea</i> from different islands tended to exhibit phylogenetically distinct haplotypes. Admixture analyses based on nuclear DNA variations revealed distinct genetic structures between the mainland and island populations. Gene flow among islands is restricted but may partially offset genetic drift on each island.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions: </b>The genetic structure observed in this study may not have originated from a single dispersal event and successive expansion but rather from at least three colonization events and subsequent gene flow among island populations. Based on the nuclear DNA variations, the Izu Island populations of <i>S. virgaurea</i> are genetically distinct from the mainland ones. Repeated colonization events may have provided sufficient genetic diversity, which would generally be susceptible to founder effects and exert a driving force for evolutionary adaptation, to these oceanic island populations.</p>
FIGURE 3. UPGMA dendrogram 33 in Analysis of genetic diversity among five closely related species used as 'Xihuangcao' herbs using ISSR and SCoT molecular markers
FIGURE 3. UPGMA dendrogram 33 populations of 'Xihuangcao' based on SCoT.
FIGURE 4 in Analysis of genetic diversity among five closely related species used as 'Xihuangcao' herbs using ISSR and SCoT molecular markers
FIGURE 4. Principal coordinate analysis of 33 populations of 'Xihuangcao' based on SCoT.
FIGURE 2 in Analysis of genetic diversity among five closely related species used as 'Xihuangcao' herbs using ISSR and SCoT molecular markers
FIGURE 2. Principal coordinate analysis of 33 populations of 'Xihuangcao' based on ISSR.
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