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294 results for “Laboratory experiment”
Dataset on laboratory soil greenhouse gas fluxes and soil microbial parameters as affected by soil management strategies in SOMMIT long term experiments
<p>We present a database containing over 50 soil-microbial parameters from eight long-term European experiments where specific soil management strategies are compared. Intact topsoil cores (7 cm diameter, 7 cm height) were collected from LTE participating in the tasks WP3.2 and WP3.3. from the SOMMIT experiment, and incubated under standard conditions in the laboratory. The soil management strategies considered at the eight LTEs ("ACBB Estrées-Mons, France", "Rutzendorf_17, Austria", , "Foggia, Italy", "ULBF-Ljubljana, Slovenia", "Toholampi, Finland", "Senés, Spain", "La Poveda, Spain" and "Grabow 1, Poland") included crop residue management, addition of different types of compost and sludge and biochar addition. All LTEs are referenced according to the LTE Index from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7598122 . The soil cores were subjected to i) a pre-equilibration phase of five days ("pre.inc"), followed by ii) a drying phase ("DR") of ten days and finally a iii) rewetting (five days, "RW"). A subset of the cores were kept under iv) constantly moist conditions for comparison purposes ("moist"). By the end of the "pre.inc" phase, soil microbial biomass, soil microbial community (phospholipidic fatty acids), enzymatic activities and soil nutrient data were collected. After the "pre.inc" phase, soil fluxes of N2O and CO2 were monitored with an automated system at subdaily temporal resolution. In addition, soil nutrients and microbial biomass data were estimated during at the end of the "DR", "RW" and "moist" phases. This dataset contributes to a better understanding of the linkages between soil conditions, soil microbes and soil greenhouse gas fluxes as affected by different soil management strategies across European agro-ecosystems. This product is part of the EJP SOIL internal project SOMMIT, and serves as deliverable WP3.4</p>
Supporting Information for: Characterization of fingers resulting from settling-driven gravitational instabilities through simultaneous PIV and PLIF imaging of laboratory experiments
<p>This repositery contains supporting information accompanying the submission of the manuscript entitled: "Characterization of fingers resulting from settling-driven gravitational instabilities through simultaneous PIV and PLIF imaging of laboratory experiments" by Fries, Lemus, Jarvis, Clarke, Phillips, Manzella and Bonadonna. The manuscript has been submitted on 02 December 2024 to the Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. All the files present in this repositery are described in the file "Supporting_Information_Friesetal.pdf". Please refer to that file for additional information on the data present in the repositery.</p>
Integrating laboratory experiments and biogeographic modelling approaches to understand sensitivity to ocean warming in rare and common marine annelids
<p><span>Among ectotherms, rare species are expected to have a narrower thermal niche breadth and reduced acclimation capacity and thus be more vulnerable to global warming than their common relatives. To assess these hypotheses, we experimentally quantified the thermal sensitivity of seven common, uncommon, and rare species of temperate marine annelids of the genus <em>Ophryotrocha</em> to assess those species' vulnerability to ocean warming. We measured the upper and lower limits of physiological thermal tolerance, survival, and reproductive performance of each species along a temperature gradient (18, 24, and 30 °C). We then combined this information to produce curves of each species' fundamental thermal niche by including trait plasticity. Each thermal curve was then</span> <span>expressed as a habitat suitability index (HSI) and projected for the Mediterranean Sea and temperate Atlantic Ocean under a present day (1970-2000), mid- (2050-2059) and late- (2090-2099) 21st Century scenario for two climate change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Rare and uncommon species showed a reduced upper thermal tolerance compared to common species, and the niche breadth and acclimation capacity were comparable among groups. The simulations predicted an overall increase in the HSI for all species and identified potential hotspots of HSI decline for uncommon and rare species</span> <span>along the warm boundaries of their potential distribution, though they failed to project the higher sensitivity of these species into a greater vulnerability to ocean warming. In the discussion, we provide elements and caveats on the implications of our results for conservation efforts.</span></p>
Planetary core-style rotating convective flows in paraboloidal laboratory experiments
<p><span>Turbulent convection in a planet's outer core is simulated here using a thermally-driven free surface paraboloidal laboratory annulus. We show that the rapidly rotating convection dynamics in free-surface paraboloidal annuli are similar to those in planetary spherical shell geometries. Three experimental cases are carried out, respectively, at 35 revolutions per minute (rpm), 50 rpm and 60 rpm.Thermal Rossby waves are detected in full</span><span> disk thermographic images of the fluid's free surface.</span> <span>Ultrasonic flow velocity measurements reveal the presence of multiple azimuthal (zonal) jets, with successively more jets</span><span> forming in higher rotation rate cases.</span> <span>The jets' cylindrical radial extent is well ap</span><span>proximated by the Rhines scale.</span> <span>Over time, the zonal jets migrate to larger radial po</span><span>sition with migration rates in good agreement with prior theoretical estimates.</span> <span>Our re</span><span>sults suggest that planetary core rotating convection will be comprised of flow structures found</span><span> in other turbulent geophysical fluid dynamical systems:</span> <span>convective turbulence dom</span><span>inates the small-scale flow field, and also act to flux energy into larger-scale, slowly evolv</span><span>ing zonal flow structures.</span> <span>How the ambient magnetic fields in planetary core settings af</span><span>fect such turbulent flows remains an open question.</span></p>
Monitoring water content variations from seismic noise in a controlled laboratory experiment: PART 2 [Dataset]
<p>This dataset has been obtained with an original laboratory experiment aimed at assessing the sensitivity of passive seismic interferometry imaging (PII) to controlled fluctuations in water content. Multiple controlled cycles of water imbibition and draining at the base of the sandbox produce significant variations in the seismic wavefield and especially in dominant surface waves. PART 2: seismic measurements from 1501 to 2700minutes</p>
Monitoring water content variations from seismic noise in a controlled laboratory experiment: PART 1 [Dataset]
<p>This dataset has been obtained with an original laboratory experiment aimed at assessing the sensitivity of passive seismic interferometry imaging (PII) to controlled fluctuations in water content. Multiple controlled cycles of water imbibition and draining at the base of the sandbox produce significant variations in the seismic wavefield and especially in dominant surface waves. PART 1: seismic measurements from 0001 to 1500minutes</p>
Investigating the velocity of magmatic intrusions and its relation with rock fracture toughness: insights from laboratory experiments and numerical models
<p>This repository provides compressed folders containing the velocity profiles recorded during our oil-filled crack propagation experiments and the code used to simulate those experiments. In particular, the files in compressed folders <strong>10ml</strong>, <strong>30ml</strong>, <strong>50ml</strong> and <strong>others_ml</strong> contain two columns corresponding to the tracked cracks' depth [m] and velocity [m/s]. The two folders <strong>DYKE-CODE_constant-Ef</strong> and <strong>DYKE-CODE_variable-Ef</strong> contain the Fortran90 code, the input and output files, and all the scripts needed to reproduce the simulations and the plots displayed in Figure 3 and Figure 4 of the article <em>"</em>Investigating the velocity of magmatic intrusions and its relation with rock fracture toughness: insights from laboratory experiments and numerical models<em>"</em><strong><em> </em></strong> by A. Gaete, F. Maccaferri, S. Furst, and V. Pinel.</p>
Integrating laboratory experiments and biogeographic modelling approaches to understand sensitivity to ocean warming in rare and common marine annelids
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Data from: A Drosophila laboratory evolution experiment points to low evolutionary potential under increased temperatures likely to be experienced in the future
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Data from: Assessing stable isotope dynamics of diapausing Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus during the overwintering period: a laboratory experiment
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Planetary core-style rotating convective flows in paraboloidal laboratory experiments
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Data from: Sex-specific density-dependent secretion of glucocorticoids in lizards: insights from laboratory and field experiments
Negative density feedbacks have been extensively described in animal species and involve both consumptive (i.e. trophic interactions) and non-consumptive (i.e. social interactions) mechanisms. Glucocorticoids are a major component of the physiological stress response and homeostasis, and therefore make a good candidate for proximate determinants of negative density feedbacks. Here, we combined laboratory and field experiments with enclosed populations to investigate the relationship between density, social stress and plasma corticosterone levels in the common lizard Zootoca vivipara. This species exhibits strong negative density feedbacks that affect females more than males, and its life history is sensitive to experimentally-induced chronic elevation of corticosterone plasma levels. We found that prolonged crowding in the laboratory can trigger a chronic secretion of corticosterone independent from food restriction. In the field experiments, corticosterone levels of females were not affected by population density. Corticosterone levels of males increased with population density but only during the late activity season in a first field experiment where we manipulated density. They also increased with density during the mating season but only in populations with a female-biased sex ratio in a second field experiment where we crossed manipulated density and adult sex ratio. Altogether, our results provide limited evidence for a role of basal corticosterone secretion in density feedbacks in this species. Context and density-dependent effects in males may arise from changes in behavior caused by competition for resources, male–male competition, and mating.
Data from: The noise egg: a cheap and simple device to produce low-frequency underwater noise for laboratory and field experiments
Studying the effect of anthropogenic noise on animal behaviour and physiology is a field of growing scientific and management interest. Anthropogenic noise is internationally seen as major environmental concern, but knowledge of the response of animals to noise and its ecological and evolutionary consequences is disparate. Even though fish and invertebrates form the majority of aquatic taxa, the effects of noise on these taxa are largely understudied. Especially the consequences of noise for short-range communication and behavioural interactions are yet unknown. While experimental studies on this subject are thus greatly needed, the expense of the equipment can be a main factor limiting data generation. Speakers that produce low-frequency sounds under water are currently either too large or too expensive to allow for sufficient replication in many research set-ups. Here, we describe a device that can produce a low-frequency sound, which can be used as an experimental source of noise both in aquaria and in the field. The device is completely self-contained and costs around 10 euros per 'noise egg'. The sound created consists of frequency bands (harmonics), which has the advantage that broadband and pulsed sounds, such as sounds produced by vocal fish, are easily detected in a spectrogram. Because the sound from the egg attenuates quickly, it can be used in aquaria and in the field to target certain study species or individuals without affecting a large part of the surrounding area. We have developed the device to study the effects of noise on communication and behaviour in small aquatic animals; however, it could be used for other purposes, such as testing the propagation of certain frequencies in shallow-water habitats. We hope the described method will facilitate the generation of experimental data on the effect of noise on behaviour and communication in aquatic animals in a wide variety of study systems and study areas.
Data from: Social setting, intuition and experience in laboratory experiments interact to shape cooperative decision-making
Recent studies suggest that cooperative decision-making in one-shot interactions is a history-dependent dynamic process: promoting intuition versus deliberation typically has a positive effect on cooperation (dynamism) among people living in a cooperative setting and with no previous experience in economic games on cooperation (history dependence). Here, we report on a laboratory experiment exploring how these findings transfer to a non-cooperative setting. We find two major results: (i) promoting intuition versus deliberation has no effect on cooperative behaviour among inexperienced subjects living in a non-cooperative setting; (ii) experienced subjects cooperate more than inexperienced subjects, but only under time pressure. These results suggest that cooperation is a learning process, rather than an instinctive impulse or a self-controlled choice, and that experience operates primarily via the channel of intuition. Our findings shed further light on the cognitive basis of human cooperative decision-making and provide further support for the recently proposed social heuristics hypothesis.
Dataset of the A2S2 laboratory experiment results
<p>Dataset of the A2S2 laboratory experiment results</p>
Data set - Laboratory experiments of extreme wave transformation on a coral reefs with a steep slope
<p><strong>Data set - Laboratory experiments of extreme wave transformation on a coral reef with a steep slope</strong></p> <p>This data set includes measurements of wave transformation and wave runup on a physical model (scale 1:60) of a coral reef with a very steep slope (1/2.26). The fore reef morphology is based on the reef at Teahupo'o, Tahiti, French Polynesia according to Harris et al. (2019). The bathymetry is extended with a reef lagoon and planar slope (1/9.64) inland. Wave conditions from the study area are employed to estimate extreme wave conditions.</p> <p>Laboratory experiments were carried out at the Coastal Processes and Engineering Laboratory, IINGEN UNAM, in Sisal, Yucatan. The data set is aimed to assess the performance of numerical models to predict hihgly nonlinear wave transformation over steep slopes.</p> <p>The dataset consists of:</p> <p><strong>-Waves: </strong>free surface elevation time series were aquired at 50 Hz using resistive wave gauges. Moreover, a 2-m long sensor was installed parallel to the beach in order to measure wave runup. Irregular, regular, and solitary waves were tested. The information is recorded in .txt files. The files are in the folders Irregular_waves.zip, Regular waves.zip and Solitary waves.zip, corresponding to irregular, regular, and solitary waves, respectively.</p> <p><strong>-Horizontal velocity:</strong> An electromagnetic current meter was installed near the breakpoint to measure the horizontal current velocity at 16 Hz. The information corresponding to each test is recorded in .txt files. The files are in the folder Electromagnetic current meter.zip.</p> <p><strong>-Bathymetry:</strong> A .txt file is included with the x-z coordinates of the reef profile used (Profile_Teahupoo.txt).</p> <p><strong>-Simulated cases:</strong> An Excel file with the laboratory tests and the sensor locations for each test is included (Cases.xlsx).</p> <p><strong>-ERA-5 data: </strong>A .txt file is included with the ERA-5 wave reanalysis data used (-18° S, -149.5° W) (ERA5_data.txt).</p>
Demo: Prototype of a Virtual Experiment Information System for the Mont Terri Underground Laboratory
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Preparatory Process in Advance of Runaway Fault Rupture through Fluid Injection observed in Laboratory Experiments using a Large Specimen of Sub-meter scale
<p>Fault slip is initiated by locally applied fluid pressure, and it can expand unstably over a wide area causing elastic waves having magnitudes that induce felt or destructive earthquakes. Thus, it is important to examine the unstable expansion of initial slips. However, it is hard to reproduce the process by general setup of laboratory experiment such as triaxial loading tests on cylindrical specimens with inclined faults. In this study, we prepared a cubic specimen of sub-meter scale, which was separated into two triangular prisms by a model fault. The specimen was subjected to bi-axial compressions with different magnitudes. A 2D array of strain gauges was embedded beneath the fault plane to measure the changes in shear strain with the fault slip driven by fluid injection. Based on the experimental results, we discussed the features of fault slips that lead to injection-induced earthquake. The dataset obtained by the experiments were presented in the current data repository.</p>
A Study of Decreased Dose Frequency in Participants With Systemic Juvenile Arthritis Who Experience Laboratory Abnormalities During Treatment With RoActemra/Actemra (Tocilizumab)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01734382. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 10. Publications: 0.
Numerical Simulations of Laboratory-Scale, Hypervelocity-Impact Experiments for Asteroid-Deflection Code Validation
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.