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364 results for “Late Pleistocene”
Exploring the formation processes on open-air Palaeolithic sites: a late Middle Pleistocene Acheulean assemblage at Arbo site (Miño River basin, Spain)
<p>Dataset (.shp file) of lithic industry and natural clasts late Middle Pleistocene Acheulean assemblages at Arbo site.</p>
Data from: Genetic consequences of population expansions and contractions in the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) since the Late Pleistocene
Over the past two decades, an increasing amount of phylogeographic work has substantially improved our understanding of African biogeography, in particular the role played by Pleistocene pluvial–drought cycles on terrestrial vertebrates. However, still little is known on the evolutionary history of semi-aquatic animals, which faced tremendous challenges imposed by unpredictable availability of water resources. In this study, we investigate the Late Pleistocene history of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation and range-wide sampling. We documented a global demographic and spatial expansion approximately 0.1–0.3 Myr ago, most likely associated with an episode of massive drainage overflow. These events presumably enabled a historical continent-wide gene flow among hippopotamus populations, and hence, no clear continental-scale genetic structuring remains. Nevertheless, present-day hippopotamus populations are genetically disconnected, probably as a result of the mid-Holocene aridification and contemporary anthropogenic pressures. This unique pattern contrasts with the biogeographic paradigms established for savannah-adapted ungulate mammals and should be further investigated in other water-associated taxa. Our study has important consequences for the conservation of the hippo, an emblematic but threatened species that requires specific protection to curtail its long-term decline.
FIGURE 2. MAPCRM 85138 in Cetopirus complanatus (Cirripedia: Coronulidae) from the late Middle Pleistocene human settlement of Pinnacle Point 13 B (Mossel Bay, South Africa)
FIGURE 2. MAPCRM 85138, Cetopirus complanatus, single rostral compartment collected at site PP13B (South Africa) in late Middle Pleistocene deposits: a, external view; b, internal view; c, radial view. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 2 in Bone histology of the Late Pleistocene Prolagus sardus (Lagomorpha: Mammalia) provides further insights into life-history strategy of insular giant small mammals
Figure 2. Bone histology of Ochotona specimens. A–C, Oc. dauurica. A, MSB 215940 (juvenile) showing a cortex formed by FLC and WB. B, MSB 215680 (young adult), with abundant SVs in the outer cortex. Note that microorganisms attacked this region, hiding bone tissues. C, MSB 215953 (adult) with FLC sandwiched between ICL and a scarce LB layer. Note the strong RL (black arrowhead). D, Oc. collaris UAM 63937 (adult), with an extensive deposition of PFB and clear RL (black arrowhead) splitting it from FLC. Notice the presence of one LAG (white arrowhead). E, F, Oc. princeps. E, UAM 35060 (adult), anterior region with PFB surrounded by a FLC full of SOs. F, UAM 113936 (adult), with detail of the PFB region, showing four LAGs (white arrowheads). For abbreviations, see the text. Scale bars equals 100 μm.
Figure 1 in Bone histology of the Late Pleistocene Prolagus sardus (Lagomorpha: Mammalia) provides further insights into life-history strategy of insular giant small mammals
Figure 1. Bone histology of P. sardus specimens. A, B, R129 (juvenile, 0 LAG) showing the anterior region (A) formed by FLC with SVs and POs, and posterior one (B) where a nonCGM was identified (arrowhead). C, GD52 (juvenile, 0 LAG), medial region showing early external deposition of PFB with some SVs. In the inner cortex, WB is visible, as well as FLC with POs and SVs. D, R000 (juvenile, one LAG), posterior region with FLC sandwiched between the ICL and the outer cortex of LB (reversed image). E, R136 (young adult) showing two LAGs (arrowheads). F, A17 (young adult) with three LAGs (arrowheads). G, R30 (juvenile, two LAGs), detail of the lateral region with SOs
Figure 3. A–F in Bone histology of the Late Pleistocene Prolagus sardus (Lagomorpha: Mammalia) provides further insights into life-history strategy of insular giant small mammals
Figure 3. A–F, boxplots of log-transformed geometrical (CA, MA, CA/MA, and CA/TA) and size variables (DAPm and DTm). A–C, Prolagus sardus age categories (J, Y, and A). D–F, adults of Oc. princeps, Oc. collaris, and Oc. dauurica. See Supporting Information, Table S2 for the raw data, including mean and standard deviation for species and age category. G–I, growth trajectories of CA, MA, and TA, considering DTm (size proxy), of P. sardus (N = 15) and Ochotona (N = 13). See Supporting Information, Appendix S1 for statistical results.
Stable isotope results on large ungulates from Late Pleistocene sites in Catalonia (Spain)
<p>Raw data of isotopic measurements on bone collagen and dental carbonate on <em>Cervus elaphus</em>, <em>Equus ferus</em>, <em>Equus hydruntinus</em>, <em>Bos/Bison</em> (likely <em>Bos primigenius</em>), <em>Rupicapra rupicapra</em>, and <em>Capra pyrenaica</em> from Late Pleistocene sites in Catalonia (northeastern Spain).</p> <p><span>EcoRef- DR945:6-1-collagen-2024: Results of elemental analysis on bone (N<sub>bone</sub>) and extracted collagen (C<sub>coll</sub>, N<sub>coll</sub>, C:N<sub>coll</sub>) and isotopic analysis on collagen (</span><em><span>d</span></em><sup><span>13</span></sup><span>C<sub>coll</sub>, </span><em><span>d</span></em><sup><span>15</span></sup><span>N<sub>coll</sub>) with radiocarbon dates (AMS <sup>14</sup>C) from large ungulates from Catalonian sites (methods described in Drucker et al., 2014 </span><span>10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100011)</span><span>. R is for the right side, L for the left side. *species determination confirmed by ZooMS analysis. na stands for not applicable. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data and brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation.</span></p> <p><span>EcoRef- DR945:6-1-carbonate-2024: Results of elemental (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) and isotopic (</span><em><span>d</span></em><sup><span>13</span></sup><span>C, </span><em><span>d</span></em><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O) analysis on pretreated carbonates from enamel, dentine and from large ungulates from Catalonian sites (methods described in Drucker et al., 2014 </span><span>10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100011)</span><span>. R is for the right side, L for the left side. nd stands for not determined. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data and brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation. </span></p>
Dataset for Marine Geology publication "Estimation of turbidite source area in late Pleistocene to Holocene around Kikai Island based on mineral and biogenic calcium carbonate composition"
<p>This dataset is associated with the academic paper published in "Estimation of turbidite source area in late Pleistocene to Holocene around Kikai Island based on mineral and biogenic calcium carbonate composition" For details of the paper, please refer to the link below.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2025.107593">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2025.107593</a></p> <p> </p>
Table for Paper: Late Pleistocene-Holocene Paleoseismology of Mingle-Damaying Fault and the Indication for the Crustal Shortening Mechanism of East Qilian Shan, Northeast Tibetan Plateau
<p>The material for sampling is charred material and they are analyzed in Beta Analytic Inc., USA and AMS <sup>14</sup>C dating laboratory of Peking University. Both of the laboratories provide conventional age, as well as calibrated age using INTCAL13 (Reimer et al., 2013).</p>
Data for paper: Late Pleistocene-Holocene Paleoseismology of Mingle-Damaying Fault and the Indication for the Crustal Shortening Mechanism of East Qilian Shan, Northeast Tibetan Plateau
<p>All of the data are in format of JPG</p>
Extended Data Fig. 10 in A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines
Extended Data Fig. 10 | CCH7, femoral shaft of a juvenile individual of H. luzonensis. a, Photograph of the original specimen CCH7 (posterior aspect). b, Three-dimensional rendering of CCH7. From left to right: anterior, medial, posterior and lateral aspects. Scale bar, 20 mm. c, Transverse micro-CT slices of CCH7 at proximal diaphysis (top), midshaft (middle) and distal diaphysis (bottom), and posterior aspect of the three-dimensional rendering of the femoral shaft, during the segmentation process (orientation of slices: anterior is up, posterior is down, lateral is left, medial is right).
Fig. 5 in A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines
Fig. 5 | Proximal pedal phalanx of H. luzonensis (CCH4). CCH4 compared with specimens attributed to Australopithecus (A. afarensis, n = 6; A. africanus, n = 1), recent H. sapiens (n = 64) and H. floresiensis (n = 2). a, bgPCA of Procrustes-registered landmarks and semilandmarks: scatter plot of individual scores for bgPC1 versus bgPC2. b, Shape variation associated with bgPC1 and bgPC2: CCH4 and Australopithecus phalanges are elongated and curved (see bgPC1 max.). A detailed list of specimens can be found in Supplementary Table 7.
Extended Data Fig. 9 in A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines
Extended Data Fig. 9 | CCH3, intermediate pedal phalanx of H. luzonensis. a, Photograph of the original specimen CCH3 in plantar view. b, Three-dimensional rendering of CCH3. From left to right: plantar, medial, dorsal, lateral, distal (top), proximal (bottom), disto-medial and proximo-medial aspects. c, Comparison of CCH3 with Pliocene (A.L.333- 21a, unknown side and rays 2–5, and A.L.333-115k, fourth intermediate phalanx), Upper Pleistocene (LB1/56, LB1-15 and LB1/39: unknown side and rays 2–5) and recent (PAPO-74-150) intermediate pedal phalanges in plantar (top) and side (bottom) views. Note the variation in shape and size both between taxa (for example, H. sapiens and H. floresiensis) and in the same individual (for example, LB1 and PAPO-74-150). A detailed list of specimens can be found in Supplementary Table 12. Scale bars, 10 mm.
Fig. 1 in A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines
Fig. 1 | Geographical location of Callao Cave. Map showing the location of Callao Cave on Luzon Island (the Philippines), emerged lands at 50 and 120 m below present sea level (adapted from ref. 46, H. K. Voris, Field Museum of Natural History) and the major biogeographical boundaries recognized in the area. A, Wallace's Line modified by Huxley; B, Wallace's Line; C, Lydekker's Line. Luzon Island lies in between the original Wallace's Line and the Wallace's Line modified by Huxley and was never connected to mainland Asia during the Quaternary.
Fig. 4 in A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines
Fig. 4 | Premolar EDJ of H. luzonensis. a, EDJ of the P3 of H. luzonensis (CCH6-e) compared to the EDJs of H. floresiensis (Liang Bua 1 (LB1)), H. sapiens, H. erectus (Sangiran 4) and H. neanderthalensis (KRD 53). Horns of dentine were reconstructed for CCH6-e, LB1 and Sangiran 4; see Methods. Scale bar, 5 mm. b, c, Between-group principal component analyses (bgPCAs) of the three-dimensional landmark Procrustes- registered shape coordinates of the P3s (b) and P4s (c). Sample sizes for b, c, respectively: H. erectus, n = 2, 3; H. neanderthalensis, n = 5, 6; fossil H. sapiens, n = 3, 3; extant H. sapiens, n = 8, 9; H. floresiensis, n = 1, 0; H. luzonensis, n = 2, 2. A detailed list of specimens can be found in Supplementary Table 6
Extended Data Fig. 2 in A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines
Extended Data Fig. 2 | Dental metrics. a, b, d–f, Bivariate scatter plots for mesio-distal (MD) versus bucco-lingual (BL) diameters of P3 (a), P4 (b), M1 (d), M2 (e) and M3 (f). c, Key for a, b, d–g, j, k. Sample sizes for a, b, d, e, f, respectively: Australopithecus, n = 23, 23, 21, 26, 26; Paranthropus, n = 22, 20, 26, 23, 20; African and European early Homo, n = 23, 19, 37, 21, 17; Asian early Homo, n = 16, 17, 17, 13, 11; H. neanderthalensis, n = 23, 26, 27, 30, 20; H. sapiens, n = 57, 61, 86, 70, 33; H. floresiensis, n = 1, 1, 1, 1, 0; H. luzonensis, n = 2∗, 2∗, 1, 1, 2 (∗CCH8 is a P3 or a P4). A detailed list of specimens can be found in Supplementary Table 4. g–i, bgPCA of the log-shape ratios of bucco-lingual and mesio-distal diameters of four postcanine maxillary teeth (P3, P4, M1 and M2), CCH6 was treated as a supplementary individual and was plotted a posteriori. g, Scatter plot of specimens for bgPC1 versus bgPC2, with convex hulls for all groups, except H. floresiensis and H. luzonensis. Sample sizes: Australopithecus, n = 6; Paranthropus, n = 5; African and European early Homo, n = 13; Asian early Homo, n = 5; H. neanderthalensis, n = 12; H. sapiens, n = 47; H. floresiensis, n = 1; H. luzonensis, n = 1. A detailed list of specimens can be found in Supplementary Table 4. h, Variable scores for bgPC1 versus bgPC2 (correlation circle; log-shape ratios of variables). i, Bar plot of eigenvalues (%) of bgPC1–bgPC5. j, k, Bivariate scatter plot of the summed square root of computed occlusal surface areas of premolars versus molars (j) and bgPCA of the log-shape ratios of buccolingual and mesio-distal diameters of four postcanine maxillary teeth (k) similar to the analyses presented in Fig. 3b and in g, respectively, but with 'Negritos' treated as a separate group (same sample sizes as in g, except for: H. sapiens, n = 38 and H. sapiens 'Negritos', n = 9).
Extended Data Fig. 5 in A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines
Extended Data Fig. 5 | CCH2, intermediate manual phalanx of H. luzonensis. a, Photograph of the original specimen CCH2 in palmar view. b, Three-dimensional rendering of CCH2. From left to right: palmar, lateral, dorsal, medial, distal (top), proximal (bottom), disto-lateral and proximo-lateral aspects. c, Comparison of CCH2 with Pliocene (A.L.333- 88), Lower Pleistocene (OH7 (FLK NN-F) and KNM-WT 15000BO), Upper Pleistocene (LB1/48) and recent (PAPO-74-11) intermediate manual phalanges in palmar (top) and side (bottom) views. All specimens are from rays 2–5 of unknown side, except for OH7 (third ray, probably from the right hand of a juvenile individual). Note the unique proximally accentuated beak located on the dorsum of the proximal surface of CCH2. d–f, Relative robusticity of the intermediate manual phalanx CCH2. Box-and-whisker plots depicting the ratio of the interarticular length (IA) and the maximum medio-lateral width of the base (MLbase) (d), the head (MLend) (e) and the midshaft (MLmid) (f). Box, 25–75th percentiles; centre line, median; whiskers, non-outlier range; dots, outliers; dotted line, value for CCH2. AE-eH, African and European early Homo; Aus, Australopithecus; Hf, H. floresiensis; Hl, H. luzonensis; Hna, H. naledi; Hn, H. neanderthalensis; Hs, H. sapiens, Par/eH, Paranthropus/early Homo. n indicates sample size. A detailed list of specimens can be found in Supplementary Table 8. For conservative reasons, taxonomic assignation of hand remains of OH7 and several SKX specimens are considered to be uncertain (see main text and Methods). Scale bars, 10 mm.
Data from: Enamel hypoplasia and dental wear of North American late Pleistocene horses and bison: an assessment of nutritionally-based extinction models
Approximately 50,000 – 11,000 years ago many species around the world became extinct or were extirpated at a continental scale. The causes of the late Pleistocene extinctions have been extensively debated and continue to be poorly understood. Several extinction models have been proposed, including two nutritionally-based extinction models: coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic-nutrient models. These models draw upon the individualistic response of plant species to climate change to present a plausible scenario in which nutritional stress is considered one of the primary causes for the late Pleistocene extinctions. In this study, we tested predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic-nutrient extinction models through the study of dental wear and enamel hypoplasia of Equus and Bison from various North American localities. The analysis of the dental wear (microwear and mesowear) of the samples yielded results which are consistent with predictions established for the coevolutionary disequilibrium model, but not for the mosaic-nutrient model. These ungulate species show statistically different dental wear patterns (suggesting dietary resource partitioning) during preglacial and full-glacial time intervals, but not during the postglacial in accordance with predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium model. In addition to changes in diet, these ungulates, specifically the equid species, show increased levels of enamel hypoplasia during the postglacial indicating higher levels of systemic stress, a result which is consistent with the models tested and with other climate-based extinction models. The extent to which the increase in systemic stress was detrimental to equid populations remains to be further investigated, but suggests that environmental changes during the late Pleistocene significantly impacted North American equids.
FIGURE 12 in Preliminary Report on the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Diatoms of Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, California, USA
FIGURE 12: Relative abundances of species of Asterionella, Synedra, and Tabellaria in Livingstone core 02–05 with abundances of greater than 1% of the assemblage in at least one sample.
FIGURE 17 in Preliminary Report on the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Diatoms of Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, California, USA
FIGURE 17: Relative abundances of species of Eunotia and Frustulia in Livingstone core 02–05 with abundances of greater than 1% of the assemblage in at least one sample.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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