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FIGURES 76–83 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 76–83. Male genitalia of Ceruchus lignarius monticola, Honshu, Japan (same specimen as Fig. 234). 76 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 77 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 78 — whole genitalia in ventral view; 79 — whole genitalia in dorsal view; 80 — whole genitalia in lateral view; 81 — penis detached in lateral view; 82 — penis detached in lateral view; 83 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 178–185 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 178–185. Male genitalia of Ceruchus niger, Weixi, Yunnan (same specimen as Fig. 254). 178 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 179 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 180 —whole genitalia in ventral view with penis removed; 181 — whole genitalia in dorsal view with penis removed; 182 — whole genitalia in lateral view with penis removed; 183 — penis detached in lateral view; 184 — penis detached in lateral view; 185 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 162–169 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 162–169. Male genitalia of Ceruchus niger, Laojunshan, Yunnan (same specimen as Fig. 244). 162 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 163 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 164 — whole genitalia in ventral view; 165 — whole genitalia in dorsal view; 166 — whole genitalia in lateral view; 167 — penis detached in lateral view; 168 — penis detached in lateral view; 169 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 170–177 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 170–177. Male genitalia of Ceruchus niger, Yunshanping, Yulongxueshan, Yunnan (same specimen as Fig. 245). 170 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 171 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 172 —whole genitalia in ventral view with penis removed; 173 — whole genitalia in dorsal view with penis removed; 174 — whole genitalia in lateral view with penis removed; 175 — penis detached in lateral view; 176 — penis detached in lateral view; 177 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all.

FIGURE 225 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 225. Female genitalia of Ceruchus lignarius monticola (same specimen as Fig. 260) consisting of sclerotized part in both ventral and dorsal views at top, the last abdominal tergite and ventrite, and the whole female genitalia at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: s = stylus; h = hemisternite; t9 = ninth tergite; p9 = ninth pleurite; h9 = hemisternite of ninth segment; il = inner lateral margin of sclerotized part of hemisternite; lt = last abdominal tergite; lv = last abdominal ventrite; mo = median oviduct; ag = accessory gland; sd = spermathecal duct; bc = bursa copulatrix; s = spermatheca; es = entrance of spermatheca; sg = spermathecal gland.

FIGURES 144–157 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 144–157. Field observations of Chinese Platycerus. 144—habitat of Platycerus kitawakii (Dabashan Mountains, 1850 m, 26 April 2008); 145—a standing dead tree with lower part brown-rotten and inhabited by Platycerus kitawakii; 146, 147—newly emerged female adult of Platycerus kitawakii found in grey-rotten wood under the brownrotten surface; 148—softly rotten small branch lying on the ground, inhabited by Platycerus rugosus (Dabashan, 1850 m, 26 April 2008); 149—third instar larva of Platycerus rugosus found in rotten small branch; 150—a newly dead tree with oviposition marks of a Platycerus species on the trunk where the wood is very hard (Micangshan, 1500 m, 29 April 2008); 151—a small dead Tilia tree with oviposition marks of Platycerus businskyi (Pingheliangding, Qinling, 2000 m, 1 May 2008); 152—oviposition marks of Platycerus businskyi; 153—a lying log inhabited by Platycerus yingqii (Taibaishan, 1800 m, 22 May 2008); 154—a male of Platycerus yingqii found on a lying log, apparently after dormancy stage; 155—possible oviposition marks of Platycerus yingqii on a fallen log (Taibaishan, 1800 m, 22 May 2008); 156—a lying log with oviposition marks of Platycerus bashanicus, (Guangtoushan Mountains, North Chongqing, 1800 m, 22 April 2008); 157— oviposition marks of Platycerus bashanicus on a log (Guangtoushan, 22 April 2008).

FIGURES 123–126 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 123–126. Ninth abdominal segment of Platycerus in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. 123—Platycerus yingqii; 124—Platycerus rugosus; 125—Platycerus kitawakii; 126 — Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus. Scale bar 1 mm for 123–126.

FIGURES 135–143 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 135–143. Female genitalia of Platycerus. 135—whole genitalia of Platycerus yingqii in ventral view on dark background to show membranous structures; 136—whole genitalia of Platycerus yingqii in lateral view; 137—whole genitalia of Platycerus kitawakii in ventral view; 138—whole genitalia of Platycerus kitawakii in lateral view; 139—whole genitalia of Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus in ventral view; 140—whole genitalia of Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus in lateral view; 141—spermatheca and spermathecal gland of Platycerus yingqii; 142—spermatheca and spermathecal gland of P.kitawakii; 143—spermatheca and spermathecal gland of P.hongwonpyoi mongolicus. Scale bars 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: mo, median oviduct; bd, bursal duct; bc, bursa copulatrix; sd, spermathecal duct; s, spermatheca; sg, spermathecal gland; ag, accessory gland.

FIGURES 84–93 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 84–93. Male genitalia of Platycerus yingqii. 84—endophallus in dorsolateral view; 85—endophallus in posterodorsal view; 86—endophallus in dorsal view; 87, 88—endophallus in lateral view; 89—endophallus in anterior view; 90—whole genitalia in ventral view; 91—whole genitalia in lateral view; 92—whole genitalia in dorsal view; 93—penis detached in lateral view. Scale bar 1 mm for 90–93. Abbreviations: f, flagellum; bp, basal pouch; lp, laterodorsal pouch; hp, hooking pouch; e, ejaculatory area; p, paramere; k, keel; da, dorsal apex of paramere; va, ventral apex of paramere; ds, distal sclerite of penis; pd, pedestal; s, strut; b, basal piece; d, dorsal sclerite of basal piece.

FIGURES 104–113 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 104–113. Male genitalia of Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus. 104—endophallus in dorsolateral view; 105—endophallus in posterodorsal view; 106, 107—endophallus in dorsal view; 108—endophallus in lateral view; 109—endophallus in anterior view; 110—whole genitalia in ventral view; 111—whole genitalia in lateral view; 112—whole genitalia in dorsal view; 113—penis detached in lateral view. Scale bar 1 mm for 110–113. Abbreviations: f, flagellum; bp, basal pouch; lp, laterodorsal pouch; hp, hooking pouch; e, ejaculatory area; k, keel; d, dorsal sclerite of basal piece.

FIGURES 21–32 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 21–32. Mandibles of Platycerus in dorsal view. 21, 22, 23—Platycerus yingqii, males; 24, 25— Platycerus rugosus, males; 26—Platycerus kitawakii, male; 27, 28—Platycerus yingqii, females; 29—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, male; 30—Platycerus rugosus, female; 31—Platycerus kitawakii, female; 32—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, female. Abbreviations: a, apex; i, incisor teeth; m, mola; ga, gap between apex and incisor teeth; gm, gap between molae and incisor teeth; l, length of conjoined inner margin of incisor teeth; ca, concaved area on dorsal surface of mandible.

FIGURES 54–61 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 54–61. Right eye and surrounding area of Platycerus in dorsal view in the same scale. 54—Platycerus yingqii, male; 55—Platycerus yingqii, female; 56—Platycerus kitawakii, male; 57—Platycerus kitawakii, female; 58—Platycerus rugosus, male; 59—Platycerus rugosus, female; 60—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, male; 61—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, female.

FIGURES 41–49 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 41–49. Protibia of Platycerus in the same scale. 41—Platycerus yingqii, male; 42—Platycerus yingqii, female; 43—Platycerus yingqii, female; 44—Platycerus rugosus, male; 45—Platycerus rugosus, female; 46—Platycerus kitawakii, male; 47—Platycerus kitawakii, female; 48—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, male; 49—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, female.

FIGURES 1–15 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 1–15. Habitus of Platycerus in the same scale. 1—Platycerus yingqii, dorsal view, male holotype; 2—Platycerus yingqii, dorsal view, male paratype; 3—Platycerus rugosus, dorsal view, male (Micangshan); 4 —Platycerus kitawakii, dorsal view, male (Dabashan); 5—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, dorsal view, male (Inner Mongolia); 6—Platycerus yingqii, drosal view, male paratype; 7—Platycerus yingqii, ventral view, male paratype as in 2; 8—Platycerus rugosus, ventral view, male as in 3; 9—Platycerus kitawakii, ventral view, male as in 4; 10—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, ventral view, male as in 5; 11— Platycerus rugosus, dorsal view, male (Micangshan); 12—Platycerus yingqii, dorsal view, female paratype; 13—Platycerus yingqii, ventral view, female as in 12; 14—Platycerus rugosus, dorsal view, female (Dabashan); 15—Platycerus rugosus, ventral view, female as in 14.

FIGURES 74–83 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 74–83. Hindwing of Platycerus in the same scale (10 mm). 74—Platycerus yingqii, male; 75—Platycerus yingqii, female; 76—Platycerus rugosus, male; 77—Platycerus rugosus, male; 78—Platycerus kitawakii, male; 79—Platycerus kitawakii, female; 80—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, male; 81—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, male; 82—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, male; 83—Platycerus hongwonpyoi mongolicus, female. Abbreviations: 2dA1, vein 2dA1; 2dA2, vein 2dA2; 3dA1, vein 3dA1.

FIGURES 114–122 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 114–122. Male genitalia of Platycerus kitawakii. 114—endophallus in lateral view; 115—endophallus in dorsal view; 116—distal sclerite of penis in ventroanterior view to show the width of keel; 117—distal part of penis in ventral view; 118—distal part of penis in lateral view; 119—whole genitalia in ventral view; 120—whole genitalia in lateral view; 121—whole genitalia in dorsal view; 122—penis detached in lateral view. Scale bar 1 mm for 119–122. Abbreviations: p, paramere; ap, anterior pouch; dp, distal pouch; hp, hooking pouch; eed, entrance of ejaculatory duct; k, keel; d, dorsal sclerite of basal piece.

FIGURES 94–103 in Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 94–103. Male genitalia of Platycerus rugosus. 94—endophallus in dorsolateral view; 95—endophallus in posterodorsal view; 96—endophallus in dorsal view; 97—endophallus of another male in dorsal view; 98—endophallus in lateral view; 99—endophallus in anterior view; 100—whole genitalia in ventral view; 101—whole genitalia in lateral view; 102—whole genitalia in dorsal view; 103—penis detached in lateral view. Scale bar 1 mm for 100–103. Abbreviations: f, flagellum; lp, laterodorsal pouch; hp, hooking pouch; e, ejaculatory area; k, keel; d, dorsal sclerite of basal piece.

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FIGURES 6–7 in Revision of the genus Apterodorcus Arrow (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) of southern South America

FIGURES 6–7. Mandibular development in 6) Apterodorcus bacchus and 7) A. tristis, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female.

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FIGURES 2–5 in Revision of the genus Apterodorcus Arrow (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) of southern South America

FIGURES 2–5. Dorsal habitus of Apterodorcus species: 2) A. bacchus, major male; 3) A. tristis, major male; 4) A. bacchus, female; 5) A. tristis, female.