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opennotspecifiedJun 2013View details →

FIGURE 3 in The Peruvian species of Cristaria (Malveae, Malvaceae): taxonomic revision, chromosome counts, and breeding system

FIGURE 3. Leaf variation, hair types, and inflorescence morphology of Cristaria multifida (A-D & H-J, subsp. multifida; E-G, subsp. moquipana). A. Tripartite leaf (Dombey s.n. [MA]). B. Undivided leaf (Müller 3621 ([LZ]). C. Trilobed leaf (Schneider et al. 2819 [USM]). D. Broadened apex of main leaf lobe. E. Deeply divided (to midvein) leaf (Müller et al. 1738 [LZ]). F & G. Narrowly obtuse to rounded apices of main leaf lobes (Weigend et al. 8400 & 8399 [LZ]). H. Erect bifid hair. I. Glandular hair (both Ferreyra 12485 [FR]). J. Apical part of flexuose inflorescence axis with remaining basal parts of pedicels and one fruiting flower (Müller et al. 12244 [LZ]). Illustrations by Julio V. Schneider.

FIGURE 1. Calyculogygas serrana. A in A new species of Calyculogygas (Malvaceae) from southern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Calyculogygas serrana. A. Branch with flowers, buds and leaves. B. Habit. C. Leaf abaxial surface and flower. D. Branch with adaxial surface of leaf, flowers facing downwards. E. Epicalyx with salient veins and with large trichomes. F. Stems with roots at the nodes. G, I. Flower. H. Immature fruit, lobes of calyx were opened. Photographs by Martin Grings.

FIGURE 1. A–I Callianthe montana Donnell & C. Takeuchi A in Callianthe montana, a new combination for Abutilon montanum (Malvaceae, Malvoideae), a rediscovered species endemic to the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 1. A–I Callianthe montana Donnell & C. Takeuchi A) Branch with flower; B) Calyx; C) Calyx, indumentum; D) Staminal tube; E) Petal; F) Fruit without calyx; G) Mericarp, dorsolateral view; H) Mericarp, indumentum; I) Seed.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Calyculogygas (Malvaceae) from southern Brazil

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Calyculogygas serrana and Calyculogygas uruguayensis in South America.

FIGURE 3. Calyculogygas uruguayensis. A in A new species of Calyculogygas (Malvaceae) from southern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Calyculogygas uruguayensis. A. Branch with flowers, buds and leaves. B. Flower. C. Branch with flowers, buds and discolorous leaves. D. Epicalyx, calyx and corolla. E. Fruit with persistent calyx and epicalyx. F. Branch with leaves, buds and senescent flowers. G. Epicalyx, calyx and corolla. Photographs by Martin Grings.

FIGURE 2. Calyculogygas serrana. A, G. Habit. B. Flowers facing downwards and epicalyx with reddish veins. C, D in A new species of Calyculogygas (Malvaceae) from southern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Calyculogygas serrana. A, G. Habit. B. Flowers facing downwards and epicalyx with reddish veins. C, D. Branch with flowers, buds and leaves. E. Immature fruit. F. Fruit at maturity. H. Habitat, in southern Brazilian highland slopes of the "Serra Geral" plateau. Photographs by Martin Grings.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Dynamic morphological plasticity in response to emergence timing in Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae)

Selections on emergence time might be conflicting, suggesting the existence of the optimal emergence time for plants. However, we know little about this and how morphological plasticity contributes to the strategies of plants in response to emergence timing. To better understand this issue in a dynamic perspective, we conducted a field experiment by subjecting plants of Abutilon theophrasti to four emergence treatments (ET1~ET4) and measuring a number of mass and morphological traits on them at different growth stages (I~IV). At day 50, 70 and/or final harvest, among all ET treatments, plants germinated in late spring (ET2) performed the best in total mass, spring germinants (ET1) and ET2 performed better in stem allocation, stem and root diameters than later germinants (ET3 and ET4); summer germinants (ET3) had the highest reproductive mass and allocation, while late-summer germinants (ET4) had the greatest leaf mass allocation, with greater or canalized leaf number and root length traits than others. Plants that emerged in late spring can maximize their growth potential, while those with either advanced or delayed emergence are still capable of adaptation via allocation and morphological plasticity. Early germinants (ET1 and ET2) preferred stem growth to leaf and reproductive growth, due to sufficient time for reproduction in growth season. With limited time for growth, plants emerged late may prefer to quicken leaf growth (indicated by increased leaf mass allocation and leaf number) at the cost of stem or root growth for complete life cycle, reflecting both positive and negative effects of delayed emergence.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Architectural plasticity in response to population density in Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae)

Background and Aims An increase of population density may result in the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of resources at minor scales than an individual, inducing different modular responses at different positions of a plant, or architectural plasticity. To better understanding how plants respond to density via plasticity in architecture, we conducted a field experiment with an annual species of Abutilon theophrasti. Key Results Increased density had different effects for different layers of modular traits, and effects also varied with different stages; high density also reduced variations among layers in different traits. No variation due to density or among different layers was found in reproductive mass and branch traits. Conclusions An increase of density can induce contrasting responses in different layers of a trait and in different traits of a module, indicating trade-offs between layers and between traits, and low to intermediate competition strength was more likely to induce active response in more layers. It suggested that plants are able to deal with competition via several strategies simultaneously, producing an integrated phenotype. These conclusions further contributed to the complexity of plant plasticity to density.

FIGURES 15–20 in Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Malvaceae in China, with descriptions of one new species

FIGURES 15–20. Biology of Phyllonorycter bilobae, sp. n. 15–19, leaf mines; 15, early mine, underside view; 16–17, mine with folded epidermis, underside view; 18–19, deformed leaf with clear white spots on the upper epidermis; 20, host plant Grewia biloba var. parviflora. Arrows indicating the mines in Figs 15–19.

FIGURES 1–6 in Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Malvaceae in China, with descriptions of one new species

FIGURES 1–6. Adults of Phyllonorycter spp. (All from China). 1–2, P. bilobae, sp. n.: 1, male, paratype, aestival form, SDNU.Ent023657, Jinan; 2, male, holotype, autumnal form, SDNU.Ent003568, Jinan; 3–6, P. issikii: 3, male, aestival form, SDNU.Ent023629, Yantai; 4, female, aestival form, SDNU.Ent023626, Yantai; 5, female, SDNU.Ent021694, Zibo; 6, male, SDNU.Ent021695, Zibo.

FIGURES 7–10 in Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Malvaceae in China, with descriptions of one new species

FIGURES 7–10. Male genitalia of Phyllonorycter spp. 7–8, P. bilobae sp. n.; 7, holotype, slide no. LM0079; 8, paratype, slide no. LM0073, rectangular box indicating the convex on basal 1/3 of dorsal margin; 9, P. issikii, slide no. LM0057; 10, P. issikii, slide no. LM0055, rectangular box indicating the basal 1/3 of dorsal margin slightly convex.

FIGURE 25 in Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Malvaceae in China, with descriptions of one new species

FIGURE 25. Neighbor-joining tree based on the sequence of Phyllonorycter hosted in Malvaceae. The blue clade corresponds to P. issikii, the red clade corresponds to the cryptic species proposed by Kirichenko et al. (2017), the green clade corresponds to the paratypes of P. bilobae sp. n. Dots correspond to the barcodes generated by the present study.

FIGURES 13–14 in Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Malvaceae in China, with descriptions of one new species

FIGURES 13–14. Female genitalia of Phyllonorycter issikii. 13, slide no. LM0058; 14, slide no. LM0055.

FIGURES 11–12 in Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Malvaceae in China, with descriptions of one new species

FIGURES 11–12. Female genitalia of Phyllonorycter bilobae, sp. n. 11, paratype, slide no. LM0060, arrow indicating the opening of antrum; 12, paratype, slide no. LM0074; 12a, corpus bursae and signum.

FIGURES 21–24 in Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Malvaceae in China, with descriptions of one new species

FIGURES 21–24. Biology of Phyllonorycter issikii. 21, damage of mines on Tilia mandshurica; 22–24, leaf mines; 22, 12 mines on a single leaf; 23, deformed leaf with clear white spots on the upperside, with median part green and intact; 24, extremely tiny folds on the lower epidermis. Arrows indicating the mines.

opennotspecifiedDec 2022View details →

FIGURE 1. Callianthe capixabae. a in In the middle way there was a Callianthe (Malvaceae): a new species in forest path edges from Espírito Santo state, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Callianthe capixabae. a. habit; b. stipules detail; c. leaf adaxial surface; d. leaf abaxial surface; e. floral bud; f. lateral view of the flower; g. oblique view of the flower evidencing the exserted staminal tube and styles; h. oblique view of the fruit, evidencing the ten mericarps aristate; i. seed. Photographs by M.T.R. Costa.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Data from: The phylogeographic history of Megistostegium (Malvaceae) in the dry, spiny thickets of southwestern Madagascar using RAD-seq data and ecological niche modeling.

The spiny thicket of southwestern Madagascar represents an extreme and ancient landscape with extraordinary levels of biodiversity and endemism. Few hypotheses exist for explaining speciation in the region and few plant studies have explored hypotheses for species diversification. Here we investigate three species in the endemic genus Megistostegium (Malvaceae) to evaluate phylogeographic structure and explore the roles of climate, soil and paleoclimate oscillations on population divergence and speciation throughout the region. We combine phylogenetic and phylogeographic inference of RADseq data with ecological niche modeling across space and time. Population structure is concurrent with major rivers in the region and we identify a new, potentially important biogeographic break coincident with several landscape features. Our data further suggests that niches occupied by species and populations differ substantially across their distribution. Paleodistribution modelling provide evidence that past climatic change could be responsible for the current distribution, population structure and maintenance of species in Megistostegium.

opennotspecifiedApr 2023View details →

FIGURE 1 in Notes on the status of Sida uniaristata (Malvaceae-Malvoideae)

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Sida unicornis Marais. © Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK).

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

Data from: Just add water: Rainfall-induced anther closure and color change in Ripariosida hermaphrodita (Malvaceae)

Anther opening has commonly been thought of as unidirectional, but reports of anthers closing in response to rainfall show this is not the case. In some species, anther closure can protect pollen from degrading or washing away, thus possibly enhancing male fitness. Similarly, although floral color is often presumed to be static, numerous floral parts may change color during blooming. These color changes primarily occur in response to pollination or aging, thus potentially increasing pollination efficiency by directing floral visitors to recently opened, unpollinated flowers. Daily observations of 364 Ripariosida hermaphrodita flowers from seven individuals showed that anthers which were purple, open, and shedding pollen became beige-colored and tightly closed after rainfall. These findings were further supported by observations of plants exposed to simulated rainfall in a greenhouse and time-lapse photography of flowers misted with water. To our knowledge, our work represents the first report of anther closure in response to rain in Malvaceae and the first report of floral color change induced by rainfall.