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1,365 results for “Needs”
The decline of ground-nesting birds in Europe: do we need to manage predation in addition to habitat?
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Data from: Stable isotope tracers reveal a trade-off between reproduction and immunity in a reptile with competing needs
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Swimming and defense - competing needs across ontogeny in armored fishes (Agonidae)
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Artifactual orthologs and the need for diligent data exploration in complex phylogenomic datasets: A museomic case study from the Andean flora
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Data from: Human-wildlife coexistence needs more evidence-based interventions to reduce the losses of crops, livestock, and fishery catches
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Need for speed? It is not necessary to be always the fastest–a case study of two thermophilous ant species
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Simple muscle-lever systems are not so simple: The need for dynamic analyses to predict lever mechanics that maximize speed
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Development of a tool for quantifying need-supportive coaching in technology-mediated exercise classes
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Full list of signatories to: Pe'er et al. "Action needed for the EU Common Agricultural Policy to address sustainability challenges" (Preprint version)
<p>This is the list of signatories to the Scientists' Statement on the EU's Common Agricultural Policy:</p> <p>"Action needed for the EU Common Agricultural Policy to address sustainability challenges" (Pe'er et al. 2019).</p> <p>The preprint version (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3666258) has been made available online between 4.11.2019 and 19.2.2020.</p> <p>Signatories were requested to read the full statement prior to adding their name in its support; and to provide a proof that they are scientists.</p> <p>A final version of the paper has been published in March 2020 in the journal People and Nature.</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 1. Analogy between a in The need for standard protocols in bioregionalisation: Comments on "The spectre of biogeographical regionalization" by Morrone (2018)
FIGURE 1. Analogy between a systematic (A-C) and biogeographic analysis (C-E) from the data to knowledge levels. A: homology hypothesis grouping morpho-anatomical features. B: a character (mixed struture) grouping taxa bearing the features. C: a phylogeny: (result of the congruence analysis). C: a phylogeny standing for a biogeographic homology hypothesis about distributions of taxa. D. a biogeographic character grouping the areas of endemism (X, Y, Z) in which the taxa occur. E: an areagram. (figure modified after Grand, 2013).
Subspecies and Distribution. H. b. bicolor Temminck, 1834 -Borneo, Java, and W Lesser Sunda Is. H.b.atroxK.Andersen,1918—SThailand,MalayPeninsula(includingTarutaoandTiomanIs),Sumatra,andBangkaIs. H.b.erigensLawrence,1939-Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,andBoholIs)H.b.hilliKitchener,1996—TimorI,ELesserSundas. H.b.majorK.Andersen,1918-NiasandEngganoIs,offWSumatra. H.b.selatanKitchener,1996—SavuandRotiIs,ELesserSundas. H. b. tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1996 — Tanimbar Is (Selaru). Previous records from Taiwan I, Laos, and Vietnam may prove to be misidentifications and need further verification. in Hipposideridae
Subspecies and Distribution. H. b. bicolor Temminck, 1834 -Borneo, Java, and W Lesser Sunda Is. H.b.atroxK.Andersen,1918—SThailand,MalayPeninsula(includingTarutaoandTiomanIs),Sumatra,andBangkaIs. H.b.erigensLawrence,1939-Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,andBoholIs)H.b.hilliKitchener,1996—TimorI,ELesserSundas. H.b.majorK.Andersen,1918-NiasandEngganoIs,offWSumatra. H.b.selatanKitchener,1996—SavuandRotiIs,ELesserSundas. H. b. tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1996 — Tanimbar Is (Selaru). Previous records from Taiwan I, Laos, and Vietnam may prove to be misidentifications and need further verification.
Subspecies and Distribution. H. a. ater Templeton, 1848 - India and Sri Lanka. H. a. amboinensis Peters, 1871 — Ambon I, Moluccas. H. a. antricola Peters, 1861 — Philippines. H. a. aruensisj. E. Gray, 1858 — New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Woodlark I, and E Australia (Queensland). H. a. gilberti D. H. Johnson, 1959 - Western Australia and Northern Territory, Australia. H. a. naUamalaensis. Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu, 2006 - Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. H. a. saevus K. Andersen, 1918 - Myanmar S to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, N Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is (Bali and Lombok), Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Kai Is. Range of this subspecies is tentative and needs revision. in Family Hipposideridae (Old World Leaf-nosed Bats)
Subspecies and Distribution. H. a. ater Templeton, 1848 - India and Sri Lanka. H. a. amboinensis Peters, 1871 — Ambon I, Moluccas. H. a. antricola Peters, 1861 — Philippines. H. a. aruensisj. E. Gray, 1858 — New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Woodlark I, and E Australia (Queensland). H. a. gilberti D. H. Johnson, 1959 - Western Australia and Northern Territory, Australia. H. a. naUamalaensis. Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu, 2006 - Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. H. a. saevus K. Andersen, 1918 - Myanmar S to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, N Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is (Bali and Lombok), Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Kai Is. Range of this subspecies is tentative and needs revision.
Distribution. Lowlands of Taiwan and Orchid I. A recent record from Guizhou on mainland China was identified only on the basis of morphology and is here regarded as dubious; this specimen needs to be examined further. in Rhinolophidae
Distribution. Lowlands of Taiwan and Orchid I. A recent record from Guizhou on mainland China was identified only on the basis of morphology and is here regarded as dubious; this specimen needs to be examined further.
Distribution. SE Africa from SE Zambia, S Malawi, W Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and N Botswana to Swaziland and C & E South Africa, and isolated records from Uganda and Tanzania; there are also apparently records from Togo, Benin, C Nigeria, NE Egypt, and Lesotho, but they need validation and are not mapped here. in Rhinolophidae
Distribution. SE Africa from SE Zambia, S Malawi, W Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and N Botswana to Swaziland and C & E South Africa, and isolated records from Uganda and Tanzania; there are also apparently records from Togo, Benin, C Nigeria, NE Egypt, and Lesotho, but they need validation and are not mapped here.
Metadata for Research Data: A Needs Assessment in The Sciences Interview Transcript Dataset
<ul> <li>Transcripts of eight semi-structured interviews with researchers from life and natural sciences about their wishes and requirements for metadata for research data</li> <li>Interview guide (Interviewleitfaden) that was used to conduct all 8 Interviews</li> <li>Needs assessment in order to develop new needs-based Research Data Management services</li> <li>This dataset forms the basis of a Master's Thesis "Metadaten für Forschungsdaten: Bedürfnisse und Anforderungen in den Naturwissenschaften" (= Metadata for Research Data: A Needs Assessment in The Sciences) in Library and Information Science at the Humboldt University of Berlin (2019)</li> <li>The study was conducted as part of the work package "Metadata" of the Austrian project <a href="https://www.e-infrastructures.at/en/work-packages/metadata/">e-Infrastructures Austria Plus</a> (2017-2019)</li> <li>Transcripts of the Interviews C, E, F are in English; Transcript of the interviews A, B, D, G, H are in German</li> <li>Abstract (DE): Bei der Entwicklung von bedarfsgerechten Services im Bereich eScience sind Untersuchungen der Bedürfnisse und Anforderungen der Zielgruppen von besonderer Relevanz. Angelehnt an die Grounded Theory wurden im Rahmen des österreichweiten Projektes e-Infrastructures Austria Plus von April bis Mai 2019 acht Leitfadeninterviews mit Naturwissenschaftlern von der Universität Wien und der Medizinischen Universität Wien durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein Verständnis des Begriffes „Metadaten“ unter Forschenden noch nicht flächendeckend vorhanden ist. Es konnten aber mehrere Beispiele der Beschreibung von Daten in der Praxis identifiziert, sowie sechs Bereiche an Wünschen der Forschenden herausgearbeitet werden. Diese beschäftigen sich u. a. mit der Notwendigkeit, Services auf Deutsch und Englisch zu konzipieren, mit den Anforderungen an technische Infrastruktur oder dem Wunsch nach dem Einsatz von Data Stewards, die Fachkenntnisse aus einer relevanten Disziplin mitbringen.</li> <li>Abstract (EN): When developing needs-based services for eScience, studies of the needs and requirements of the target groups are of particular relevance. Based on the Grounded Theory, eight guided interviews with scientists from the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna were conducted from April to May 2019 within the framework of the Austria-wide project e-Infrastructures Austria Plus. The results show that an understanding of the term "metadata" among researchers is not yet widely available. However, the study identifies several examples of describing data as well as six areas of researchers' needs in this area. These cover, among other things, the need to design services in German and English, the requirements for technical infrastructure or the desire to use data stewards who bring expertise from a relevant discipline.</li> </ul>
Embeddings from "CBOW Is Not All You Need: Combining CBOW with the Compositional Matrix-Space Model"
<p>This item holds the learned embeddings from the paper:</p> <p>Mai, Florian, Lukas Galke, and Ansgar Scherp. “CBOW Is Not All You Need: Combining CBOW with the Compositional Matrix Space Model.” In <em>International Conference on Learning Representations</em>, 2019. <a href="https://openreview.net/forum?id=H1MgjoR9tQ">https://openreview.net/forum?id=H1MgjoR9tQ</a>.</p>
Museomics of tree squirrels: a dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul
Background: Tree squirrels (Sciuridae, Sciurini), in particular the highly diverse Neotropical lineages, are amongst the most rapidly diversifying branches of the mammal tree of life but also some of the least known. Negligence of this group by phylogeneticists is likely a product of the scarcity or unavailability of fresh tissue samples for DNA sequencing. Lack of comprehensive phylogenies result in highly discrepant taxonomic arrangements that are based exclusively on morphological data—impressively, these are the only classification schemes available for the group. Here we used high-throughput sequencing and an unprecedented sampling effort of museum specimens to provide the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of tree squirrels, with a special emphasis on Neotropical taxa. Results: We gathered mitochondrial genome data from 232 modern and historical samples, representing 40 out of the 43 currently recognized species of Sciurini. We found no correlation between specimen age and completeness of mitogenomes recovered for historical samples. Our phylogenetic analyses—performed with datasets differing on levels of missing data and taxa under distinctanalytical methods— strongly support the monophyly of Sciurini and consistently recovered 12 major clades within the tribe. We found evidence that the diversity of Neotropical tree squirrels is underestimated, with at least seven lineages that might represent taxa to be named or revalidated. Ancestral state reconstructions of number of upper premolars and number of pairs of mammae indicated that alternative conditions of both characters must have evolved multiple times along the evolutionary history of tree squirrels. Conclusions: We were able to obtain complete mitogenomes for samples as old as 120 years, reinforcing the potential of historical samples for phylogenetic and evolutionary inferences of elusive lineages of the tree of life. None of the taxonomic arrangements ever proposed for tree squirrels fully corresponded to our phylogenetic reconstruction, with only a few of the currently recognized genera recovered as monophyletic. By investigating the evolution of two morphological traits widely employed in the taxonomy of the group, we revealed that their homoplastic nature can help to explain the incongruence between phylogenetic results and classification schemes presented so far, and we recommend a substantial taxonomic overhaul.
Biocuration - mapping resources and needs - Underlying Data
<p>A variety of teams and individuals are involved in biocuration worldwide. However, they may not self-identify as biocurators <em>per se</em>, as they may be unaware of biocuration as a career path or because biocuration is only part of their role. The lack of a clear, up-to-date profile of biocuration creates challenges for organisations like ELIXIR, the ISB and GOBLET to systematically support biocurators and for biocurators themselves to develop their own careers. Therefore, the ELIXIR Training Platform launched an Implementation Study in order to i) identify communities of biocurators, ii) map the type of curation work being done, iii) assess biocuration training, and iv) draw a picture of biocuration career development. To achieve the goals of the study we carried out a global survey about the nature of biocuration work, the tools and resources that are used, training that has been received and additional training needs. To examine these topics in more detail we ran workshop-based discussions at ISB Biocuration Conference<strong> </strong>2019 and the ELIXIR All Hands Meeting 2019. We also had guided conversations with selected people from the EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute.</p> <p>The following files represent the underlying data for this study:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Pilot survey questions.docx (questionnaire sent to staff of Wellcome Genome Campus)</p> </li> <li> <p>Questions to guide conversations with biocurators.docx (conversation guide outlines the type of questions to be asked)</p> </li> <li> <p>Global survey questions.docx (globally disseminated questionnaire revised on the basis of the pilot survey)</p> </li> <li> <p>Themed summary of the responses given in the guided conversations – deidentified.docx (de-identified outcomes of the guided conversations)</p> <ul> <li> <p>Information that may lead to the identification of respondents has been redacted.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>Global_survey_deidentified.xlsx (de-identified responses to the global survey)</p> <ul> <li> <p>This file includes de-identified responses to the survey questions. Responses that may lead to the identification of respondents have been redacted. Free text responses to questions 6, 14 and 15 have been categorised into tasks, topics and skills, respectively. </p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>Bar graphs of global survey.xlsx (quantitative responses to multiple choice questions in the global survey. For some questions, respondents could choose more than one option)</p> </li> <li> <p>Tools and resources.xlsx (Tools and resources used for biocuration work and listed by the respondents of the global survey)</p> </li> <li> <p>Biocuration training course list.xlsx (formal training courses listed by respondents of the global survey)</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data from: The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation
The distributions of amphibians, birds and mammals have underpinned global and local conservation priorities, and have been fundamental to our understanding of the determinants of global biodiversity. In contrast, the global distributions of reptiles, representing a third of terrestrial vertebrate diversity, have been unavailable. This prevented the incorporation of reptiles into conservation planning and biased our understanding of the underlying processes governing global vertebrate biodiversity. Here, we present and analyse the global distribution of 10,064 reptile species (99% of extant terrestrial species). We show that richness patterns of the other three tetrapod classes are good spatial surrogates for species richness of all reptiles combined and of snakes, but characterize diversity patterns of lizards and turtles poorly. Hotspots of total and endemic lizard richness overlap very little with those of other taxa. Moreover, existing protected areas, sites of biodiversity significance and global conservation schemes represent birds and mammals better than reptiles. We show that additional conservation actions are needed to effectively protect reptiles, particularly lizards and turtles. Adding reptile knowledge to a global complementarity conservation priority scheme identifies many locations that consequently become important. Notably, investing resources in some of the world's arid, grassland and savannah habitats might be necessary to represent all terrestrial vertebrates efficiently.
Data from: Flower movement balances pollinator needs and pollen protection
Flower signaling and orientation are key characteristics, which determine a flower's pollinator guild. However, many flowers actively move during their daily cycle, changing both their detectability and accessibility to pollinators. The flowers of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata orientate their corolla upwards at sunset and downwards after sunrise. Here, we investigated the effect of different flower orientations on a major pollinator of N. attenuata, the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. We found that although flower orientation influenced the flight altitude of the moth in respect to the flower, it did not alter its overall attractiveness. These behavioral observations were consistent with the finding that orientation did not systematically change the spatial distribution of floral volatiles, which are major attractants for moths. Moreover, moths invested the same amount of time into probing flowers at different orientations, even though they were only able to feed and take up pollen from horizontally and upward oriented flowers, but not from downward facing flowers. The orientation of the flower was hence crucial for a successful interaction between N. attenuata and its hawkmoth pollinator. Additionally, we determined potential adverse effects of exposing flowers at different orientations to natural daylight levels, finding that anther temperature of upward oriented flowers was more than 7°C higher than for downward oriented flowers. This increase in temperature likely caused the significantly reduced germination success that was observed for pollen grains from upward oriented flowers in comparison to those of downward and horizontally oriented flowers. These results highlight the importance of flower reorientation to ensure pollen protection, while maintaining the association between flower signals and flower accessibility necessary for a successful interaction of the plant with its insect pollinators.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.