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Variable vulnerability to climate change in New Zealand lizards
<p><b>Aim:</b> The primary drivers of species and population extirpations have been habitat loss, overexploitation, and invasive species, but human-mediated climate change is expected to be a major driver in future. To minimise biodiversity loss, conservation managers should identify species vulnerable to climate change and prioritise their protection. Here, we estimate climatic suitability for two speciose taxonomic groups, then use phylogenetic analyses to assess vulnerability to climate change.<br> <b>Location:</b> Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ)<br> <b>Taxa:</b> NZ lizards: diplodactylid geckos and eugongylinae skinks<br> <b>Methods:</b> We built correlative species distribution models (SDMs) for NZ geckos and skinks to estimate climatic suitability under current climate and 2070 future-climate scenarios. We then used Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models (BPMMs) to assess vulnerability for both groups with predictor variables for life history traits (body size and activity phase) and current distribution (elevation and latitude). We explored two scenarios: an unlimited dispersal scenario, where projections track climate, and a no-dispersal scenario, where projections are restricted to areas currently identified as suitable.<br> <b>Results:</b> SDMs projected vulnerability to climate change for most modelled lizards. For species' ranges projected to decline in climatically suitable areas, average decreases were between 42–45% for geckos and 33–91% for skinks, although area did increase or remain stable for a minority of species. For the no-dispersal scenario, the average decrease for geckos was 37–52% and for skinks was 33–52%. Our BPMMs showed phylogenetic signal in climate change vulnerability for both groups, with elevation increasing vulnerability for geckos, and body size reducing vulnerability for skinks.<br> <b>Main conclusions:</b> NZ lizards showed variable vulnerability to climate change, with most species' ranges predicted to decrease. For species whose suitable climatic space is projected to disappear from within their current range, managed relocation could be considered to establish populations in regions that will be suitable under future climates.</p>
Fig. 17. Phylogenetic hypothesis using nuclear gene sequences TMO-4C4 and 18S in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 17. Phylogenetic hypothesis using nuclear gene sequences TMO-4C4 and 18S retrieved with Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP), and Bayesian Inference (MrBayes), representing 17 species from clade 6 from the analysis of Hamilton et al. (2017) and the new taxon. Tree rooted with the southern Australian trunk-brooder pipefish Heraldia nocturna. Nodal support at the generic level is shown in ML/MP/MrBayes order. See Data Accessibility for tree file.
Fig. 15 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 15. µCT scanned skeleton of Idiotropiscis lumnitzeri, CAS HH-0423, male, 69.9 mm SL. (A) Osteocranium in lateral view highlighting the ventral cleithral cheek spine and small spine posteroventral of pectoral-fin base. (B) Subdorsal-fin base in lateral view highlighting the one upper and one lower subdorsal spines. Abbreviations: CS, cleithral spine; LSDS, lower subdorsal spine; PLS, posterolateral spine on pectoral-fin base; USDS, upper subdorsal spine.
Fig. 16 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 16. Lateral view of µCT scanned neurocranium of (A) CyliX tupareomanaia, NMNZ P.046322; (B) Hippocampus barbouri, USNM 220605. Abbreviations: ANP, anterior nuchal plate; CO, coronet on anterior nuchal plate; PNP, posterior nuchal plate; SC, supracleithrum; SOC, supraoccipital.
Fig. 14 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 14. Dorsal view of µCT scanned neurocranium of the head of (A) Idiotropiscis australe, WAM P.33543-001, male; (B) Idiotropiscis larsonae, GCRL 21518, male; (C) Idiotropiscis lumnitzeri, CAS HH-0423, male. Abbreviations: BLP, bilateral lobed protuberances; SC, supraoccipital crest.
Fig. 13 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 13. Lateral view of µCT scanned skeletons of preserved specimens of Idiotropiscis spp. redescribed in this study. (A) I. australe, WAM P.33543- 001, male, 54.7 mm SL. (B) I. larsonae, GCRL 21518, female, paratype, 33.0 mm SL. (C) I. lumnitzeri, CAS HH-0423, male, 69.9 mm SL. (D) I. lumnitzeri, AMS I.45395-001, female, 54.0 mm SL.
Fig. 12 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 12. Lateral view of preserved specimens of Idiotropiscis spp. redescribed in this study. (A) I. australe, WAM P.33543-001, male, 54.7 mm SL. (B) I. larsonae, NTM S.10805-001, male, holotype, 33.5 SL. (C) I. larsonae, GCRL 21518, female, paratype, 33.0 mm SL. (D) I. lumnitzeri, CAS HH-0423, male, 69.9 mm SL. (E) I. lumnitzeri, AMS I.45395-001, female, 54.0 mm SL.
Fig. 11. X in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 11. X-ray radiography of (A) A. breViperula, BMNH 1890.1.14.51, male, holotype; (B) A. tentaculata, BMNH 1869.6.21.7, male, holotype; (C) I. larsonae, NTM S.10805-001, male, holotype, 55.5 mm SL (Photograph credits for A. breViperula and A. tentaculata to Oliver Crimmen and Ralf Britz, © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; I. larsonae to Michael Hammer, © Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory).
Fig. 7 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 7. Distribution of CyliX tupareomanaia in Taitokerau Northland, North Island, New Zealand. Square - type locality of holotype AIM MA122274 at Waiatapaua Bay, Whangaruru. Star - locality of paratype NMNZ P.056154, Cavalli Islands. Circle - locality of paratype NMNZ P.046322, east of Oturori Rock, Bay of Islands. Arrow - specimen photographed at Poor Knights Islands.
Fig. 10 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 10. Dorsal view of µCT scanned neurocranium of (A) Acentronura breViperula, CAS 247135, female; (B) Acentronura gracilissima, CAS 247139, male; (C) Acentronura tentaculata, CAS-SU 6681, male. Abbreviations: BLP, bilateral lobed protuberances; SC, supraoccipital crest.
Fig. 4 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 4. µCT scan of CyliX tupareomanaia, NMNZ P.046322, male, paratype, 55.5 mm SL. (A, B) Anterolateral view of the head highlighting the bifurcated and cup-like crest present on the supraoccipital, continuous cleithral ring, and the strongly elevated ventrolateral bulge of the pectoral-fin base. (C) Anterodorsal aspect of the neurocranium highlighting the bifurcated and cup-like pentamerous bony crest present on the supraoccipital. Abbreviations: FS, frontal spine; PFB, pectoral-fin base; SC, supraoccipital crest; SCL, supracleithrum.
Fig. 2 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 2. CyliX tupareomanaia. (A) AIM MA122274, female, preserved holotype, 31.4 mm SL; Waiatapaua Bay, Whangaruru, Northland, New Zealand (photograph © Auckland Museum). (B) NMNZ P.056154, female, preserved paratype, 35.5 mm SL; Cavalli Islands, Northland, New Zealand (photograph © Auckland Museum). (C) NMNZ P.046322, male, preserved paratype, 55.5 mm SL; east of Oturori Rock, Bay of Islands, Northland, New Zealand (photograph Graham Short).
Fig. 1 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 1. CyliX tupareomanaia. (A) AIM MA122274, female, holotype shortly after death, 31.4 mm SL; Waiatapaua Bay, Whangaruru, Northland, New Zealand (photograph © Auckland Museum). (B) NMNZ P.056154, female, paratype, shortly after death, 35.5 mm SL; Cavalli Islands, Northland, New Zealand (photograph © Irene Middleton).
Fig. 8 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 8. Lateral view of preserved specimens of Acentronura spp. redescribed in this study. (A) A. breViperula, CAS 247135, female, 40.1 mm SL. (B) A. gracilissima, CAS-SU 6681, male, 70.4 mm SL. (C) A. tentaculata, CAS 247139, male, 50.8 mm SL. (D) A. tentaculata, CAS 247139, female, 53.9 mm SL.
Fig. 6 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 6. CyliX tupareomanaia in situ. (A) AIM MA122274, female, holotype, Waiatapaua Bay, Whangaruru, Northland, New Zealand, 12 m depth (photograph © Shane Housham). (B) Waiatapaua Bay, Whangaruru, Northland, New Zealand, 12 m depth (photograph © Shane Housham). (C) Waiatapaua Bay, Whangaruru, Northland, New Zealand, 12 m depth (photograph © Richard Smith). (D) Waiatapaua Bay, Whangaruru, Northland, New Zealand, 12 m depth (photograph © Irene Middleton). (E) Waiatapaua Bay, Whangaruru, Northland, New Zealand, 12 m depth (photograph © Irene Middleton). (F) Poor Knights Islands, Northland, New Zealand, at 10 m depth (photograph © Kent Erickson).
Fig. 5 in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
Fig. 5. µCT scan of the ventral aspect of first trunk ring of CyliX tupareomanaia, NMNZ P.046322, male, paratype, 55.5 mm SL, in ventral aspect highlighting positions of large medioventral conical spines on the cleithral symphysis and the first trunk ring between the pectoral-fin bases. Abbreviations: CL, cleithral spines; CSS, medioventral conical spine on the cleithral symphysis; MVFTRS, medioventral first trunk ring spine between the pectoral-fin bases; PLS, posterolateral spine on pectoral-fin base.
Catalog of low frequency earthquake beneath the Kaimanawa ranges, North Island of New Zealand
<p><strong>lfe_locations.csv</strong> contains the information relative to the 77 LFE candidates:</p> <p>1. Template name: name </p> <p>2. NonLinLoc location, error ellipsoid and uncertainties: lat, lon, depth, az1, dip1, len1, az2, dip2, len2, len3, rms, elat, elon, edepth</p> <p>3. GrowClust location and uncertainties lat_gc, lon_gc, depth_gc, gc_errorh, gc_error_z</p> <p><strong>detection.csv </strong>containes the information relative to the second-iteration catalog"</p> <p>1. Template name: name</p> <p>2. Detection time: time</p> <p>3. Sum of the correlation coefficient at the detection time: cc_sum</p> <p>4. Median Absolute Deviation at the detection time: mad</p>
Earthquake catalogue for the Taupō Fault Belt, New Zealand, 2001
<p>This dataset contains the earthquake catalogue and focal mechanism data associated with the manuscript "The 2001 Taupō Fault Belt sequence as evidence for magma-tectonic interaction at Taupō Volcano" by McGregor et al.</p> <p>If you use this date please appropriately cite the associated manuscript:</p> <p>McGregor, R.F.D., Illsley‐Kemp, F. and Townend, J., 2022. The 2001 Taupō Fault Belt Seismicity as Evidence of Magma‐Tectonic Interaction at Taupō Volcano. <em>Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems</em>, <em>23</em>(11), p.e2022GC010625.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>The files are as follows:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>TaupoFaultBelt2001.xml</strong> - The earthquake catalogue in QuakeML format.</li> <li><strong>TaupoFaultBelt2001.dat</strong> - The earthquake catalogue in text file format. Note that if an earthquake was not relocated the growclust (GC) parameters are equal to zero.</li> <li><strong>TaupoFaultBelt2001_FocalMechanisms.dat </strong>- The best solution focal mechanism parameters in text file format.</li> </ul>
Fig. 3 in The Relationship Between Fish Length And Otolith Size And Weight Of The Australian Anchovy, Engraulis Australis (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae), Retrieved From The Food Of The Australasian Gannet, Morus Serrator (Suliformes, Sulidae), Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand
Fig. 3. Fish total length relationship with: A — otolith length; B — otolith width; C — otolith weight.
Fig. 2. A in The Relationship Between Fish Length And Otolith Size And Weight Of The Australian Anchovy, Engraulis Australis (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae), Retrieved From The Food Of The Australasian Gannet, Morus Serrator (Suliformes, Sulidae), Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand
Fig. 2. A, Engraulis australis, 138 mm TL; B, Otolith of Engraulis australis, 135 mm TL showing otolith sizes, length (OL) and width (OW).
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