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307 results for “Peatland”
Data from: Plant community dynamics and carbon sequestration in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in the era of global change
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Maps of northern peatland extent, depth, carbon storage and nitrogen storage
<p>This dataset is grids of peatland extent, peat depth, peatland organic carbon storage, peatland total nitrogen storage and approximate extent of ombrotrophic/minerotrophic peatlands. </p> <p>The grids are geotiff files in 10 km pixel resolution projected in the World Azimuthal Equidistant projection. Note that the peat depth grid shows potential peat depth everywhere,also where there is no peatland cover. For files on peatland organic carbon, total nitrogen extent and extent of ombrotrophic/minerotrophic peatlands, there are separate files for Histosols (non-frozen peatlands) and Histels (frozen peatlands).</p> <p>For further details on how the data was created we refer to the paper by Hugelius et al (2020) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: "Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw" (https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1916387117)</p>
Data from: Resilience of peatland ecosystem services over millennial timescales: evidence from a degraded British bog
1. Many peatland ecosystems in Europe have become degraded in the last century owing to the effects of drainage, burning, pollution, and climate change. There is a need to understand the drivers of peatland degradation because management and restoration interventions can affect the natural ecohydrological dynamics of such sensitive environments, and are expensive. However, if given enough time peatlands may have the ability to recover spontaneously without deliberate action. 2. We use a detailed multiproxy palaeoecological dataset from a degraded raised bog in Northern England to examine its ecosystem stability and long-term dynamics in response to anthropogenic disturbance over a variety of timescales. One feature of many degraded peatlands (including our study site) is the local dominance of Molinia caerulea (purple moor-grass), which has expanded at the expense of characteristic peatland plants, including sedges and Sphagnum mosses. 3. Our data show that there has been a long history of human impacts at the site which have culminated in its current unfavourable condition. Several distinct episodes of past peat cutting are evident as hiatuses in peat accumulation; however, peat accumulation and plant community structure have subsequently recovered spontaneously. The appearance of M. caerulea occurs coevally with an unprecedented variety of recent anthropogenic impacts, all of which have arguably contributed to providing a suitable environment for its rise to dominance. We have dated the appearance of M. caerulea to the latter half of the twentieth century which corresponds to a number of anthropogenic press disturbances, including: dust loading from post-war expansion of the adjacent quarry; burning; drainage; airborne pollution; and contamination from soil dust and agrochemicals. 4. Synthesis Our study demonstrates the importance of palaeoecology for understanding the trajectories of peatland development and ecosystem dynamics, including their resilience and resistance to pulse and press disturbances. We show that peatlands have the capability to recover spontaneously from severe disturbances such as peat cutting, albeit on timescales much longer than those applied to monitoring of restoration efforts. The implications are relevant for determining whether it is better to manage and restore peatlands, or to allow them to recover naturally without human intervention.
Data from: Microform-scale variations in peatland permeability and their ecohydrological implications
1. The acrotelm-catotelm model of peatland hydrological and biogeochemical processes posits that the permeability of raised bogs is largely homogenous laterally but varies strongly with depth through the soil profile; uppermost peat layers are highly permeable while deeper layers are, effectively, impermeable. 2. We measured down-core changes in peat permeability, plant macrofossil assemblages, dry bulk density and degree of humification beneath two types of characteristic peatland microform – ridges and hollows – at a raised bog in Wales. Six 14C dates were also collected for one hollow and an adjacent ridge. 3. Contrary to the acrotelm-catotelm model, we found that deeper peat can be as highly permeable as near-surface peat and that its permeability can vary by more than an order of magnitude between microforms over horizontal distances of 1-5 metres. 4. Our palaeo-ecological data paint a complicated picture of microform persistence. Some microforms can remain in the same position on a bog for millennia, growing vertically upwards as the bog grows. However, adjacent areas on the bog (< 10 m distant) show switches between microform type over time, indicating a lack of persistence. 5. Synthesis. We suggest that the acrotelm-catotelm model should be used cautiously; spatial variations in peatland permeability do not fit the simple patterns suggested by the model. To understand how peatlands as a whole function both hydrologically and ecologically it is necessary to understand how patterns of peat physical properties and peatland vegetation develop and persist.
FAO-SEPAL_Peatland restoration activities 8
Observing and verifying canal blocking and backfilling
EMI measurements collected across the Alpine peatland of Danta di Cadore (Belluno, Italy)
<p>The file <i>obs_data_danta.csv</i> contains the quadrature component of the EMI data collected across the Alpine peatland of Danta di Cadore (Belluno, Italy) in July 2021. </p><p>Each row of the file represents a sounding, together with the associated latitude and longitude coordinates, and the corresponding uncertainties. </p><p>Eleven (11) frequencies were acquired. And for each row (so, for each sounding location), the available measurements are arranged as follows:</p><ul><li> D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11</li><li> 1025, 1525, 2875, 5825, 7775, 12775, 15325, 25525, 36225, 63025, 80225 [Hz]</li></ul><p> The uncertainty value associated with each frequency is indicated in the S1 to S11 columns:</p><ul><li> S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11</li><li> 1025, 1525, 2875, 5825, 7775, 12775, 15325, 25525, 36225, 63025, 80225 [Hz]</li></ul><p>All the measurements are in ppm. The instrument used is a GEM-2 (produced by Geophex Ltd). Our best estimation of the height of the instrument during the acquisition is 1 m from the surface. </p>
Chimneys and blankets: species-dependent methane emissions in a rewetted Dutch peatland
<p>Data belonging to the PhD thesis chapter "Chimneys and blankets: species-dependent methane emissions in a rewetted Dutch peatland", in:</p> <p>Vroom, R.J.E. 2024. From meadows to marshes: cultivating plants to revive degraded wetlands. PhD thesis, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.</p> <p>And the published paper Vroom, R.J.E., Gremmen, T.M., van Huissteden, J., Smolders, A.J.P., Kosten, S., Fritz, C., van de Riet, B.P., van Huissteden, C., van den Berg, M., 2024. Species-dependent methane emissions in a Dutch peatland during paludiculture establishment. Mires Peat 31, 1–19. doi:10.19189/MaP.2023.OMB.Sc.2422120</p> <p> </p>
Soil trenching – are microbial communities alike in experimental peatland plots measuring total and heterotrophic respiration?
<p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Data obtained within a project financed by LIFE Programme of the European Union ‘Demonstration of climate change mitigation potential of nutrients rich organic soils in Baltic States and Finland (LIFE OrgBalt, LIFE18 CCM/LV/001158)</td> </tr> <tr></tr> </tbody> </table>
Supplementary material 3 from: Farrell CA, Coleman L, Norton D, Kelly-Quinn M, Obst C, Eigenraam M, OʼDonoghue C, Kinsella S, Smith F, Sheehy I, Stout JC (2021) Developing peatland ecosystem accounts to guide targets for restoration. One Ecosystem 6: e76838. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.6.e76838
Supporting data
Supplementary material 2 from: Farrell CA, Coleman L, Norton D, Kelly-Quinn M, Obst C, Eigenraam M, OʼDonoghue C, Kinsella S, Smith F, Sheehy I, Stout JC (2021) Developing peatland ecosystem accounts to guide targets for restoration. One Ecosystem 6: e76838. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.6.e76838
Datasets
Supplementary material 1 from: Farrell CA, Coleman L, Norton D, Kelly-Quinn M, Obst C, Eigenraam M, OʼDonoghue C, Kinsella S, Smith F, Sheehy I, Stout JC (2021) Developing peatland ecosystem accounts to guide targets for restoration. One Ecosystem 6: e76838. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.6.e76838
Conservation Status
Fig. 2 in The Use of Testate Amoebae in Monitoring Peatland Restoration Management: Case Studies from North West England and Ireland
Fig. 2. Top: The sampling site on Astley bog in 1998 when the samples described in Davis and Wilkinson (2004) were taken. Bottom: Danes Moss in 1999 when the samples described in Davis and Wilkinson (2004) were taken.
Fig. 6. A in The Use of Testate Amoebae in Monitoring Peatland Restoration Management: Case Studies from North West England and Ireland
Fig. 6. A: Surface testate samples from a raised 'hummock' site on Holcroft Moss. B: Surface testate samples from bare peat on a path at Holcroft Moss. Note that in the older literature (including all the more accessible identification guides) Archerella flavum is refered to as Amphitrema flavum.
Fig. 1 in The Use of Testate Amoebae in Monitoring Peatland Restoration Management: Case Studies from North West England and Ireland
Fig. 1. Left: map of UK and Ireland showing locations of sites mentioned in text. Right Top: NW England, showing 1. Chat Moss (Astley Moss as cut-out), 2. Holcroft Moss and 3. Danes Moss. Right Bottom: Location of Ardagullion Bog, Co. Longford.
Fig. 3 in The Use of Testate Amoebae in Monitoring Peatland Restoration Management: Case Studies from North West England and Ireland
Fig. 3. Top: A general view across the current (in 2012) surface of Holcroft Moss from close to our core site. Bottom: The edge of Holcroft Moss (in 2011) showing both the fence designed to keep the sheep used for conservation grazing on the bog and – between the fence and the taller vegetation – the plastic piling sunk into the peat to try and maintain a wetter bog surface.
CoupModel files for cultivated peatlands in Norway
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Green leaf phenological characteristics of boreal peatland vegetation impacted by linear disturbances
<p class="Abstract">Vast areas of boreal peatlands are impacted by linear disturbances known as seismic lines. Tree removal and ground disturbance alter vegetation communities and are expected to change ecosystem functioning. As boreal landscapes continue to be disturbed by linear disturbances, understanding the magnitude and mechanisms of vegetation and phenology changes is the first step toward predicting carbon cycling changes across broad spatial scales. We investigate seismic line disturbances on peatland plant community composition and phenological patterns using readily available digital photography at a bog and a fen in Alberta, Canada. Our objectives were to: 1) compare the understory peatland vegetation on seismic lines with those in adjacent undisturbed areas using two phenological metrics (green and red chromatic coordinates); 2) evaluate if vegetation greenness is directly related to vegetation community composition, and 3) determine whether plot-scale greenness predicts plant productivity. We found that areas of peatlands intersected by seismic lines have an earlier seasonal peak (maximum greenness) compared to undisturbed areas, and vegetation communities had a stronger relationship to greenness and gross primary production (GPP) at disturbed areas relative to undisturbed areas. This change in understory vegetation results in greater CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in disturbed areas. We demonstrate an easy-to-use application of digital photography that successfully quantifies phenological changes in boreal peatland vegetation. This non-destructive method for understanding vegetation phenology eliminated the need for fixed infrastructure and allowed us to expand our sampling capacity and study sites while allowing for repeated measures in the future.</p>
Figure 1 from: Wagstaff S, Clarkson B (2012) Systematics and ecology of the Australasian genus Empodisma (Restionaceae) and description of a new species from peatlands in northern New Zealand. PhytoKeys 13: 39-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.13.3259
Figure 1 - Map showing the generalized distribution of Empodisma in Australia and New Zealand and the collection localities of the DNA samples included in our study. The approximate position of the kauri line in New Zealand is shown with a dashed line.
Figure 12 from: Wagstaff S, Clarkson B (2012) Systematics and ecology of the Australasian genus Empodisma (Restionaceae) and description of a new species from peatlands in northern New Zealand. PhytoKeys 13: 39-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.13.3259
Figure 12 - High resolution photograph of a syntype of Empodisma gracillimum (F.Muell.) L.A.S. Johnson & D.F.Cutler. Mueller (1872–74) originally described the plant as Calorophus gracillimus F.Muell. The specimen, Nouvelle-Hollande, Riv. des cygnes, Preiss JA 1711, 1843, P00748711 is held at HERBARIUM MUSEI PARISIENSIS. The syntype was designated by BG Briggs xi.1998.
Figure 4 from: Wagstaff S, Clarkson B (2012) Systematics and ecology of the Australasian genus Empodisma (Restionaceae) and description of a new species from peatlands in northern New Zealand. PhytoKeys 13: 39-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.13.3259
Figure 4 - Comparison of median networks from independent analyses of trnL, rbcL and matK sequences. Bootstrap values / the number of mutations distinguishing each haplotype. are shown beside the branches. The accessions of Empodisma minus from New Zealand are indicated NZ and Australia Aus.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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