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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

An example of critical thinking (CT) snippets usage at Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone

Recorded students & lecturer WhatsApp group conversation while going through the 'CT snippets' which are based on INASP's online course 'Questioning as we learn: An introduction to critical thinking'

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Padul palaeolake record (Sierra Nevada, southern Iberian Peninsula) for the last 36 kyr

This data file contains the total organic carbon (TOC) content and the distribution of isoprenoid and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs and brGDGTs, respectively) from the Padul palaeolake record (Padul-15-05 sediment core) covering the last 36-4.7 kyr. BrGDGTs-based indices (MBT'5ME and CBT') have been calculated and used for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions such as mean annual air temperature (MAAT), mean temperature of Months Above Freezing (MAF) and lake-pH.  The identification of the IIIa'' isomer and calculation of the IIIa'' ratio have been used to evaluate the in-situ production in the water column of brGDGTs. The  abundance of the isomer of crenarchaeol (%cren') relative to crenarchaeol evaluates the presence of other archaea than aquatic Thaumarchaeota. The composition of the brGDGTs in form of  in the Padul palaeolake sedimentary record (triangles). The tetramethylated (Ia-c),  pentamethylated (IIa-IIc and IIa'-IIc'), and hexamethylated (IIIa-IIIc and IIIa'-IIIc') brGDGTs are provided in order to compare with data reported from surface sediments of other lakes over the world.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Data from: Tree growth responses to extreme drought after mechanical thinning and prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest, USA

An estimated 128 M trees died during the 2012-2016 California drought, largely in the southern Sierra Nevada Range. Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce fuels and restore ecosystem properties, but it is unclear if these treatments improve tree growth and vigor during extreme drought. This study examined tree growth responses after thinning, prescribed burning, and extreme drought at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, a historically frequent fire mixed-conifer forest in the southern Sierra Nevada of California, USA. Mechanical thinning (no thin, understory thin, and overstory thin) and prescribed burning (unburned, fall burning) were implemented in 2000-2001. Using annual growth data from increment cores, over 10,000 mapped and measured trees, and lidar-derived metrics of solar radiation and topographic wetness, we had two primary questions. First, what were the growth responses to thinning and prescribed burning treatments, and did these responses persist during the 2012-2016 drought? Second, what tree-level attributes and environmental conditions influenced growth responses to treatments and drought? Thinning increased residual tree growth and that response persisted through extreme drought 10 -15 years after treatments. Growth responses were higher in overstory versus understory thinning, with differences between thinning types more pronounced during drought. Species-specific growth responses were strongest with overstory thinning, with sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) and incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) having higher growth responses compared to white fir (Abies concolor) and Jeffery pine (Pinus jeffreyi). For individual trees, factors associated with higher growth responses were declining pretreatment growth trend, smaller tree size, and post-treatment low neighborhood basal area. Growth responses were initially not influenced by topography, but topographic wetness became important during extreme drought. Mechanical thinning resulted in durable increases in residual tree growth rates during extreme drought over a decade after thinning occurred, indicating treatment longevity in mitigating drought stress. In contrast, tree growth did not improve after prescribed burning, likely due to fire effects that reduced surface fuels, but had little effect on reducing tree density. Thinning treatments promoted durable growth responses, but focusing on stand-level metrics may ignore important tree-level attributes such as localized competition and topography associated with higher water availability. Mechanical thinning was effective at improving growth in trees that had been experiencing declining growth trends, but was less effective in improving growth responses in large old higher ecological importance.

opencc-byOct 2020View details →

Spanish Civil War Trench (Sierra de Guadarrama)

During august 2020 my friend, Luis Antonio Ruiz Casero, and I excavated a Francoist position in Cuesta de la Casa (La Paradilla, Madrid). The trench was part of a much bigger fortified position a "Centro de Resistencia", inspired by the experience of the army in Northern Africa. It was construted during 1938 winter after the rebel army gainned some terrain against the republican army in this sector. According to the documents studied in the Archivo General Militar de Avila, the position was occupied by the 72º nationalist Division. The trench, like other improved fortifications, was built using low quality concrete, local stone and force labor workers in an effort of reducing the number of soldiers emplace in this secondary front in the mountains with very cold temperatures. Amongst the materials, we found shells of spanish (more numerous) and german mauser, barbed wire, liquor bottles, sardines cans, nailed military boots and, suprisingly, remains of a rigid cloak and a buckle over the natural bed-rock. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Isogeochemical characterization of mountain system recharge processes in the Sierra Nevada, California

Mountain System Recharge processes are significant natural recharge pathways in many arid and semi-arid mountainous regions. However, Mountain System Recharge processes are often poorly understood and characterized in hydrologic models. Mountains are the primary water supply source to valley aquifers via lateral groundwater flow from the mountain block (Mountain Block Recharge) and focused recharge from mountain streams contributing to focused Mountain Front Recharge at the piedmont zone. Here, we present a multi-tool isogeochemical approach to characterize mountain flow paths and Mountain System Recharge in the northern Tulare Basin, California. We used groundwater chemistry data to delineate hydrochemical facies and explain the chemical evolution of groundwater from the Sierra Nevada to the Central Valley aquifer. Stable isotopes and radiogenic groundwater tracers validated Mountain System Recharge processes by differentiating focused from diffuse recharge, and estimating apparent groundwater age, respectively. Novel application of End-Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) using conservative chemical components revealed three Mountain System Recharge end-members: (1) evaporated Ca-HCO3 water type associated with focused Mountain Front Recharge, (2) non-evaporated Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 water types with short residence times associated with shallow Mountain Block Recharge, and (3) Na-HCO3 groundwater type with long residence time associated with deep Mountain Block Recharge. We quantified the contribution of each Mountain System Recharge process to the valley aquifer by calculating mixing ratios. Our results show that deep Mountain Block Recharge is a significant recharge component, representing 31 to 53 % of the valley groundwater. Greater hydraulic connectivity between the Sierra Nevada and Central Valley has significant implications for parameterizing groundwater flow models. Our framework is useful for understanding Mountain System Recharge processes in other snow-dominated mountain watersheds.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Northern and central Walker Lane horizontal velocities in North America and Sierra Nevada reference frames.

The data in this file contains east and north velocities covering the northern and central sections of the Walker Lane, USA. The velocities were obtained from GPS time series, available at Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL): http://geodesy.unr.edu/NGLStationPages/gpsnetmap/GPSNetMap.html (24 hour final solutions). The position time series were manually screened and corrected for offsets, and a local common-mode filter was applied following the methodology of Kreemer & Blewitt (2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01466-5). Velocities in the North America frame were obtained using MIDAS, a robust median trend estimator (Blewitt et al., 2016,  https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012552). Two sets of stations were used to rotate the velocities into the Sierra Nevada frame: CAOV, CAPV, P140, P276, P310 for the northern section and CMBB, P245, P305, P308, P512 for the central section. The file contains the following columns: <ul> <li>sta: station ID</li> <li>lon: longitude of station (decimal degree)</li> <li>lat: latitude of station (decimal degree)</li> <li>ve_NA: east velocity in North America frame (mm/yr)</li> <li>vn_NA: north velocity in North America frame (mm/yr)  </li> <li>ve_SN: east velocity in Sierra Nevada frame (mm/yr)  </li> <li>vn_SN: north velocity in Sierra Nevada frame (mm/yr)  </li> <li>region: denotes whether the set of stations used to rotate the velocities into the Sierra Nevada frame are located in the northern (N) or central  (C) Walker Lane</li> <li>sve: east velocity uncertainty (mm/yr)</li> <li> svn: north velocity uncertainty (mm/yr)</li> <li>network: who operates the station</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

NDVIs for Sierra Nevada from 1984 to 2019

Collection of NDVI computation

opencc-by-4.0Dec 1986View details →

FIGURE 5—C1 in Tyrannosaurus rex from the McRae Formation (Lancian, Upper Cretaceous), Elephant Butte Resevoir, Sierra County, New Mexico

FIGURE 5—C1oseup of anterobuccal edge of largest isolated tooth in Fig. 4. illustrating serrations.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 1986View details →

FIGURE 5—C1 in Tyrannosaurus rex from the McRae Formation (Lancian, Upper Cretaceous), Elephant Butte Resevoir, Sierra County, New Mexico

FIGURE 5—C1oseup of anterobuccal edge of largest isolated tooth in Fig. 4. illustrating serrations.

Caracterización petrológica y estructural de la faja de cizalla El Alto, NE de la Sierra de Ancasti, Sierras Pampeanas Orientales de Argentina

Caracterización petrológica y estructural de la faja de cizalla El Alto, NE de la Sierra de Ancasti, Sierras Pampeanas Orientales de Argentina

Caracterización Petrográfica del Granito Puerta de Allega, Sierra de Ancasti, Catamarca

Caracterización Petrográfica del Granito Puerta de Allega, Sierra de Ancasti, Catamarca

Basamento ígneo-metamórfico de la Sierra de Ancasti, Catamarca. II. Revisión y síntesis de datos geoquímicos y geocronológicos

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Las rocas carbonáticas de la Sierra de Ancasti: calidad, recursos y perspectivas en el marco de la transición energética

Las rocas carbonáticas de la Sierra de Ancasti: calidad, recursos y perspectivas en el marco de la transición energética

PM_091771_E_Segura_de_la_Sierra

File Name: PM_091771_E_Segura_de_la_Sierra.jpg Sublocation: None Location: Segura de la Sierra Province: Andalucía, Jaén Country: Spain Header: Una vista de la calle; Una casa y un muro; Description: A street view A house and a wall Keywords: Andalucía, Architectural detail, Architecture, Cultural heritage, Europe, Jaén, My photography, Public site, Segura de la Sierra, Spain Author: Photo: Paul M.R.Maeyaert Copyright: Paul M.R. Maeyaert

PM_091680_E_Segura_de_la_Sierra

File Name: PM_091680_E_Segura_de_la_Sierra.jpg Sublocation: None Location: Segura de la Sierra Province: Andalucía, Jaén Country: Spain Header: El castillo Description: The castle Keywords: Andalucía, Castle, Cultural heritage, Europe, Jaén, Monuments, Segura de la Sierra, Spain Author: Photo: Paul M.R.Maeyaert Copyright: Paul M.R. Maeyaert

PM_091765_E_Segura_de_la_Sierra

File Name: PM_091765_E_Segura_de_la_Sierra.jpg Sublocation: Castillo Location: Segura de la Sierra Province: Andalucía, Jaén Country: Spain Header: La puerta de entrada; Description: The castle The entrance gate Keywords: Andalucía, Castle, Cultural heritage, Europe, Jaén, Monuments, Segura de la Sierra, Spain Author: Photo: Paul M.R.Maeyaert Copyright: Paul M.R. Maeyaert

PM_091224_E_Sierra_Nevada

File Name: PM_091224_E_Sierra_Nevada.jpg Sublocation: Sierra Nevada Location: Sierra Nevada Province: Andalucía, Granada Country: Spain Header: Sierra Nevada; Paisaje montañoso; Description: Sierra Nevada Mountain landscape Keywords: Andalucía, Cultural heritage, Europe, Granada, Historic site, Landscape, My photography, Nature, Sierra Nevada, Spain, Thematic Author: Photo: Paul M.R.Maeyaert Copyright: Paul M.R. Maeyaert

openSep 2021View details →

melian009/Mispark: Preliminary analysis mutualistic networks in space, rarefaction, sierra size and sampling individuals, species, and traits

Mutualistic networks in space, morphological traits and colors, or how to put all together to understand rare and common species in rapidly changing landscapes

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data From: Long-term winter food supplementation shows no significant impact on reproductive performance in Mountain Chickadees in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Supplemental feeding of wild animal populations is popular across many areas of the world and has long been considered beneficial, especially to avian taxa. Over four billion dollars are spent by hobby bird feeders in the United States each year alone. However, there is mixed evidence whether wildlife feeding is beneficial, including when it is implemented as a conservation management tool, a targeted experimental design, or an avocation. Much of the current evidence suggests that providing supplemental food is advantageous to the reproductive output and general survival of focal taxa. However, many of these studies are limited in scope and duration, leaving possible negative impacts unaddressed. This is particularly true regarding passive backyard feeding, which describes the majority of supplemental feeding, including the immense effort of millions of public enthusiasts. Here we show that winter supplemental feeding prior to reproduction had no significant impact on a range of reproductive parameters in a resident, montane passerine species, the Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli). This population resides in an intact natural environment with no exposure to supplemental food beyond our experimental treatments, and individual birds were tracked across six years using radio frequency identification technology. Our results add to the growing evidence that supplemental feeding alone, isolated from the effects of urban environments, may have little to no impact on the population dynamics of some avian taxa.