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1,007 results for “Smoothing”
Data from: Jumping without slipping: leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) possess special tarsal structures for jumping from smooth surfaces
Many hemipteran bugs can jump explosively from plant substrates, which can be very smooth. We therefore analysed the jumping performance of froghoppers (Philaenus spumarius, Aphrophoridae) and leafhoppers (Aphrodes bicinctus/makarovi, Cicadellidae) taking off from smooth (glass) and rough (sandpaper, 30 µm asperity size) surfaces. On glass, the propulsive hind legs of Philaenus froghoppers slipped, resulting in uncontrolled jumps with a fast forward spin, a steeper angle and only a quarter of the velocity compared with jumps from rough surfaces. By contrast, Aphrodes leafhoppers took off without their propulsive hind legs slipping, and reached low take-off angles and high velocities on both substrates. This difference in jumping ability from smooth surfaces can be explained not only by the lower acceleration of the long-legged leafhoppers, but also by the presence of 2–9 soft pad-like structures (platellae) on their hind tarsi, which are absent in froghoppers. High-speed videos of jumping showed that platellae contact the surface briefly (approx. 3 ms) during the acceleration phase. Friction force measurements on individual hind tarsi on glass revealed that at low sliding speeds, both pushing and pulling forces were small, and insufficient to explain the recorded jumps. Only when the tarsi were pushed with higher velocities did the contact area of the platellae increase markedly, and high friction forces were produced, consistent with the observed jumps. Our findings show that leafhoppers have special adhesive footpads for jumping from smooth surfaces, which achieve firm grip and rapid control of attachment/detachment by combining anisotropic friction with velocity dependence.
Data from: Smooth enlargement of human standing sway by instability due to weak reaction floor and noise
Human quiet standing is accompanied by body sway. The amplitude of this body sway is known to be larger than would be predicted from simple noise effects, and sway characteristics are changed by neurological disorders. This large sway is thought to arise from nonlinear control with prolonged periods of no control (intermittent control), and a nonlinear control system of this kind has been predicted to exhibit bifurcation. The presence of stability-dependent transition enables dynamic reaction that depends on the stability of the environment, and can explain the change in sway characteristics that accompanies some neurological disorders. This research analyses the characteristics of a system model that induces transition, and discusses whether human standing reflects such a mechanism. In mathematical analysis of system models, (intermittent control-like) nonlinear control with integral control is shown to exhibit Hopf bifurcation. Moreover, from the analytical solution of the system model with noise, noise is shown to work to smooth the enlargement of sway around the bifurcation point. This solution is compared with measured human standing sway on floors with different stabilities. By quantitatively comparing the control parameters between human observation and model prediction, enlargement of sway is shown to appear as predicted by the model analysis.
FIGURE 1. NHM 2007.4 in A new species of Lissocidaris (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Cidaridae) from the Philippines: convergent evolution among smooth-spined cidaroids
FIGURE 1. NHM 2007.4, holotype: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view.
FIGURE 2 in Leptoderma macrophthalmum n. sp., a new species of smooth-head (Otocephala: Alepocephalidae) from the Mid Atlantic Ridge
FIGURE 2. Drawing of Leptoderma macrophthalmum, holotype ZMUB 19686.
- Clypeus almost smooth, hardly sculptured (a); tergite 1 of female stout, less than 1.4x longer than wide (b) ……………………………………………………………………E. uelensis Benoit, 1951 in A review of the Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with the descriptions of five new species
- Clypeus almost smooth, hardly sculptured (a); tergite 1 of female stout, less than 1.4x longer than wide (b) ……………………………………………………………………E. uelensis Benoit, 1951
Fig. 3 in Systematics of the Smooth-Toothed Pocket Gopher, Thomomys umbrinus, in the Mexican Transvolcanic Belt
Fig. 3. Bidimensional distribution of subadult females in the principal components (PC) III and I. Thomomys umbrinus pullus (P) is separated from other examined populations along the Mexican Transvolcanic Belt by both its small size and cranial morphology. Letters indicate the centroids of each examined sample as mentioned on table 1. The analysis was made on the individuals.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING A FREQUENCY CONVERTER WITH SMOOTH SPEED CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR
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Data and Drawing Project for [A Method for Nonlinear Electric-thermal Coupling Calculations of Bushings Based on Unbiased Gradient-free Smooth Domains]
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BLOW-UP OF SMOOTH SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEM FOR A GENERALIZED DISPERSIVE EQUATION
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Fig. 1 in A new case of facultative paedomorphosis in Smooth Newts, Lissotriton vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae), in Turkey
Fig. 1. The map of Gediz Delta (Izmir, Turkey). 1: Kumköy, Istanbul, 2: Küçükçekmece, Istanbul, 3: Ihsaniye, Karasu, Sakarya, 4: Lake Sülüklü, Manisa, 5: Lake Ikiz, Izmir, The star shows the record (Lake Sazli, Gediz Delta, Izmir), The dotted line shows Ramsar protected area borders.
Initial conditions for galaxy merger setup in the Phantom smoothed particle hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics code
<p>** these files are downloaded automatically by Phantom when running the code **</p> <p>The two files here contain initial conditions (particle positions, velocities etc) for the sample galaxy merger simulation shown in Figure 55 of the Phantom code paper (<a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PASA...35...31P">Price et al. 2018</a>). They were created by James Wurster as part of a code comparison with the Hydra code described in section 6.4 of the paper.</p> <p>The files were originally created for use in <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013MNRAS.431..539W">Wurster & Thacker (2013)</a></p> <p>For details of how to read these files, see the Phantom source code (<a href="https://github.com/danieljprice/phantom/blob/master/src/setup/setup_galaxies.f90">setup_galaxies.f90</a>)</p>
Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 3"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment, containing one kind of pollen; b, d, e) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in polar (b, d) and equatorial (e) views showing the long colpi with coarsely verrucate aperture membranes; note the semitectate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpium regions and foveolate-punctate tectum in the polar regions and along the aperture margins; c) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri and short, densely-spaced columellae. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107785 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 1.5 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 3"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment, containing one kind of pollen; b, d, e) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in polar (b, d) and equatorial (e) views showing the long colpi with coarsely verrucate aperture membranes; note the semitectate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpium regions and foveolate-punctate tectum in the polar regions and along the aperture margins; c) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri and short, densely-spaced columellae. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107785 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 1.5 Μm (c).
Text-fig. 16. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen fragments with in situ Clavatipollenites- or Asteropollis-type pollen" (sp. 1: a–c; sp. 2: d–f; sp. 3: g–i); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing pollen sacs; b) Distal view of pollen grain from (a) showing semitectate-reticulate tectum; c) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered, columellae supporting muri with fine pits and rounded supratectal ornamentation; note orbiculae with a finely spiny surface (arrows); d) Stamen showing very short filament, lateral pollen sacs and short apical extension of the narrow connective; e) Folded pollen grain from (d) showing semitectate-reticulate tectum; f) Detail of pollen wall from (d) showing the semitectatereticulate tectum and muri with fine rounded ornamentation; g) Stamen fragment; h, i) Detail of pollen grains from (g) showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum with smooth muri, long scattered columellae and tiny scattered orbicules (arrow). Specimens, Catefica 50-S170395 (a–c), Catefica 49-S172561 (d–f), Catefica 50-S170390 (g–i). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d, g), 6 Μm (b, e, h), 1.5 Μm (c, f, i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 16. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen fragments with in situ Clavatipollenites- or Asteropollis-type pollen" (sp. 1: a–c; sp. 2: d–f; sp. 3: g–i); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing pollen sacs; b) Distal view of pollen grain from (a) showing semitectate-reticulate tectum; c) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered, columellae supporting muri with fine pits and rounded supratectal ornamentation; note orbiculae with a finely spiny surface (arrows); d) Stamen showing very short filament, lateral pollen sacs and short apical extension of the narrow connective; e) Folded pollen grain from (d) showing semitectate-reticulate tectum; f) Detail of pollen wall from (d) showing the semitectatereticulate tectum and muri with fine rounded ornamentation; g) Stamen fragment; h, i) Detail of pollen grains from (g) showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum with smooth muri, long scattered columellae and tiny scattered orbicules (arrow). Specimens, Catefica 50-S170395 (a–c), Catefica 49-S172561 (d–f), Catefica 50-S170390 (g–i). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d, g), 6 Μm (b, e, h), 1.5 Μm (c, f, i).
Text-fig. 31. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated pollen of Piercipollis sp. (a, b) and Teebacia sp. (c–e); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Isolated pollen grain (arrow) adhering to the much larger pollen of Araucariacites sp. in fragment of a conifer cone; note the size difference between the angiosperm and conifer pollen that is typical in Early Cretaceous floras; b) Pollen grain in (a) enlarged showing the extended aperture and homobrochate reticulum with smooth muri supported by long, scattered, columellae; c) Isolated pollen grains adhering to the outer surface of a Saportanthus parvus flower; d) Pollen grain in (c) enlarged showing the open reticulum and muri ornamented by fine transverse ribs; e) Detail of pollen grain in (d) showing the muri supported by long, scattered columellae; note the fine transverse ribs on the muri. Specimens, Catefica 49-S170139-01 (a, b), Catefica 361-S174322-01 (c–e). Scale bars = 50 Μm (a), 20 Μm (c), 6 Μm (b, d), 1.5 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 31. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated pollen of Piercipollis sp. (a, b) and Teebacia sp. (c–e); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Isolated pollen grain (arrow) adhering to the much larger pollen of Araucariacites sp. in fragment of a conifer cone; note the size difference between the angiosperm and conifer pollen that is typical in Early Cretaceous floras; b) Pollen grain in (a) enlarged showing the extended aperture and homobrochate reticulum with smooth muri supported by long, scattered, columellae; c) Isolated pollen grains adhering to the outer surface of a Saportanthus parvus flower; d) Pollen grain in (c) enlarged showing the open reticulum and muri ornamented by fine transverse ribs; e) Detail of pollen grain in (d) showing the muri supported by long, scattered columellae; note the fine transverse ribs on the muri. Specimens, Catefica 49-S170139-01 (a, b), Catefica 361-S174322-01 (c–e). Scale bars = 50 Μm (a), 20 Μm (c), 6 Μm (b, d), 1.5 Μm (e).
Figure 1 in Reproduction probabilities and size distributions of the smooth snake Coronella austriaca in the Netherlands and Norway
Figure 1. Map showing both research location in The Netherlands (NL) and Norway (NO).
Figure 2 in Reproduction probabilities and size distributions of the smooth snake Coronella austriaca in the Netherlands and Norway
Figure 2. Correlation of ambient temperature and number of observations (n = 830).
EAGS: efficient and adaptive gaussian smoothing applied to high-resolved spatial transcriptomics
<p>This dataset is used to preserve the mouse brain and mouse olfactory bulb data (in h5ad format) involved in the EAGS study.</p> <p>You can get details of the different datasets from <strong>readme.txt</strong>.</p> <p>Abstract of the EAGS study:</p> <p>The emergence of high-resolved spatial transcriptomics (ST) technology has facilitated the research of novel methods to investigate biological development, growth and other complex biological processes. High-resolution and whole transcriptomics ST datasets require customized imputation methods to improve signal-to-noise ratio and the data quality. We propose an efficient and adaptive gaussian smoothing (EAGS) method for imputation on high-resolved ST. Its adaptive two-factor smoothing creates patterns based on the spatial and expression information of the cells, creates adaptive weights for the smoothing of cells in the same pattern, then utilizes the weights to restore the gene expression profiles. The performance and efficiency of EAGS are verified on high-resolved ST data of mouse brain and olfactory bulb. Compared with other competitive methods, EAGS shows higher clustering accuracy, better biological interpretation and a significant advantage in computational consumption.</p>
Fig. 4 in Inocybe subhimalayanensis (Agaricales, Inocybaceae), a new smooth spored Inocybe species from Pakistan
Fig. 4. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences of Inocybe subhimalayanensis sp. nov. inferred by using the maximum likelihood method. Sequences generated from local collection are marked with bullets.
Spatial localization during open-loop smooth pursuit
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Numerous previous studies have shown that eye movements induce errors in the localization of briefly flashed stimuli. Remarkably, the error pattern is indicative of the underlying eye movement and the exact experimental condition. For smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) and the slow phase of the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), perceived stimulus locations are shifted in the direction of the ongoing eye movement, with a hemifield asymmetry observed only during SPEM. During the slow phases of the optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN), however, the error pattern can be described as a perceptual expansion of space. Different from SPEM and OKN, the OKAN is an open-loop eye movement.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Visually guided smooth pursuit can be transformed into an open–loop eye movement by briefly blanking the pursuit target (gap). Here, we examined flash localization during open-loop pursuit and asked, whether localization is also prone to errors and whether these are similar to those found during SPEM or during OKAN. Human subjects tracked a pursuit target. In half of the trials, the target was extinguished for 300 ms (gap) during the steady–state, inducing open–loop pursuit. Flashes were presented during this gap or during steady–state (closed–loop) pursuit.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> In both conditions, perceived flash locations were shifted in the direction of the eye movement. The overall error pattern was very similar with error size being slightly smaller in the gap condition. The differences between errors in the open- and closed-loop conditions were largest in the central visual field and smallest in the periphery.</p> <p><strong>Discussion:</strong> We discuss the findings in light of the neural substrates driving the different forms of eye movements.</p>
Fig. 4 in Isoindolines and phthalides from the rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong and their relaxant effects on the uterine smooth muscle
Fig. 4. Key NOESY correlations of compounds 2 and 3.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.