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4,010 results for “Stability”
Recurrent circuitry is required to stabilize piriform cortex odor representations across brain states
<p>Pattern completion, or the ability to retrieve stable neural activity patterns from noisy or partial cues, is a fundamental feature of memory. Theoretical studies indicate that recurrently connected auto-associative or discrete attractor networks can perform this process. Although pattern completion and attractor dynamics have been observed in various recurrent neural circuits, the role recurrent circuitry plays in implementing these processes remains unclear. In recordings from head-fixed mice, we found that odor responses in olfactory bulb degrade under ketamine/ xylazine anesthesia, while responses immediately downstream, in piriform cortex, remain robust. Recurrent connections are required to stabilize cortical odor representations across states. Moreover, piriform odor representations exhibit attractor dynamics, both within and across trials, and these are also abolished when recurrent circuitry is eliminated. Here, we present converging evidence that recurrently-connected piriform populations stabilize sensory representations in response to degraded inputs, consistent with an auto-associative function for piriform cortex supported by recurrent circuitry.</p>
Conclusion Stability for Natural Language Based Mining of Design Discussions: Dataset
<p>All the data from raw to processed are included in this package that was used during the experiment.</p>
The prefoldin complex stabilizes the von Hippel-Lindau protein against aggregation and degradation
<p>This is the dataset corresponding to our submitted article "The prefoldin complex stabilizes the von Hippel-Lindau protein against aggregation and degradation" by Chesnel et al.</p>
Data from: Trait matching and phenological overlap increase the spatio-temporal stability and functionality of plant-pollinator interactions
<p>Morphology and phenology influence plant-pollinator network structure, but whether they generate more stable pairwise interactions with higher pollination success is unknown. Here we evaluate the importance of morphological trait matching, phenological overlap and specialisation for the spatio-temporal stability (measured as variability) of plant-pollinator interactions and for pollination success, while controlling for species abundance. To this end, we combined a six-year plant-pollinator interaction dataset, with information on species traits, phenologies, specialisation, abundance and pollination success, into structural equation models. Interactions among abundant plants and pollinators with well-matched traits and phenologies formed the stable and functional backbone of the pollination network, whereas poorly-matched interactions were variable in time and had lower pollination success. We conclude that phenological overlap could be more useful for predicting changes in species interactions than species abundances, and that non-random extinction of species with well-matched traits could decrease the stability of interactions within communities and reduce their functioning.</p>
Data from: The rainfall effect onto solidification and stabilization of heavy metal-polluted sediments
Rainfall makes impacts on process of solidification/stabilization and the long-term safety of solidified matrix. In this study, the effect of rainfall on solidification/stabilization process was investigated by rainfall test. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) were adopted to characterize the properties of S/S sediments before and after rainfall test. The samples cured for 28 days were subjected to semi-dynamic leaching tests with a simulated acidic leachant prepared at pH of 2.0, 4.0 and 7.0. Effectiveness of S/S treatment was evaluated by diffusion coefficient (D_e) and leachability index (LX). The results indicated that UCS decreased at maximum deterioration rate of 34.29% of the compressive strength after 7 days of curing, along with minimum rate of 7.89% after 28 days by rainfall, with >14 days referred. The rainfall had little effect on the leaching characteristics of heavy metals during the curing process. The simulated acid rain could make significant impacts on the leaching behavior of the heavy metals in the S/S materials. All cumulative fraction of leached heavy metals were less than 2.0 % which showed the good stabilization of cement. Furthermore, the calculated diffusion coefficient (D_e) for Cu was 1.28×10-11〖cm〗^2/s, indicating that its mobility was relatively low of heavy in S/S sediments. The calculated diffusion coefficient (Di) for Cd, Cu and Pb were 7.44×10-11, 8.18×10-12 and 7.85×10-12〖cm〗^2/s respectively, indicating that its mobility was relatively low of heavy metal in S/S sediments.
Code and data for: Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities
<p>The following code and data are used to generate the results for the publication "Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities". Climate_Data.zip contains the monthly minimum and maximum temperatures, vegetation data, and soil thickness data to generate microclimates. NicheMapR_code_and_files.zip contains the script and data necessary to generate the microhabitats. Endoscape.zip contains the data and script necessary to run the heat flux models. Resurvey_data.zip contains the jags data to run the occupancy models for small mammals and birds. The read_me file contains the descriptions of all data and script necessary to reproduce the data from the publication.</p>
Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high-latitude species-rich moth community
<p>Aim: Biodiversity is currently undergoing rapid restructuring across the globe. However, the nature of biodiversity change is not well understood, as community-level changes may hide differential responses in individual population trajectories. Here, we quantify spatio-temporal community and stability dynamics using a long-term high-quality moth monitoring dataset. Location: Finland, Northern Europe. Time period: 1993-2012. Major taxa studied: Nocturnal moths (Lepidoptera). Methods: We quantify patterns of change in species richness, total abundance, dominance and temporal variability at different organisational levels over a 20-year period and along a 1100-km latitudinal gradient. We used mixed-effects and linear models to quantify temporal trends for the different community and stability metrics and to test for latitudinal (or longitudinal) effects. Results: We find contrasting patterns for different community metrics, and strong latitudinal patterns. While total moth abundance has declined, species richness has simultaneously increased over the study period, but with rates accelerating with latitude. Additionally, we reveal a latitudinal pattern in temporal variability – the northernmost locations exhibited higher variability over time, as quantified by both metrics of richness and aggregated species populations trends. Main Conclusions: When combined, our findings likely reflect an influx of species expanding their ranges poleward in response to warming. The overall decline in abundance and the latitudinal effect on temporal variability highlight potentially severe consequences of global change for community structure and integrity across high-latitude regions. Importantly, our results underscore that increases in species richness may be paralleled by a loss of individuals, which in turn might affect higher trophic levels. Our findings suggest that the ongoing global species redistribution is affecting both community structure and stability over time, leading to compounded and partly opposing effects of global change depending on what biodiversity dimension we focus on.</p>
Data from: Diversity and stability of egg-bacterial assemblages: the role of paternal care in the glassfrog Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum
Embryos of oviparous organisms must cope with harsh environments and are especially susceptible to disease, considering that many immune mechanisms do not develop until later in life. Parents may transmit symbiotic microflora to eggs, which can contribute to embryo immune defense. Despite the importance of symbiotic microbes for immune function and survival of adult amphibians, vertical transfer of symbionts in amphibians has received less attention than in other taxa. Here, we test the role of male-only parental care in establishing and maintaining the diversity of egg-bacterial assemblages in a Neotropical glassfrog (Centrolenidae). Previous research suggests that father Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum may transfer bacterial symbionts to their eggs. We combined a male-removal experiment in situ with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to determine whether egg attendance by father H. colymbiphyllum influences the bacterial community and survival of eggs. We found that eggs harbor a diverse and stable bacterial assemblage. Despite different host environments, we found that adult skin and eggs supported very similar bacterial assemblages—even after removing fathers. While we found overlap in the bacteria present on eggs and their fathers, our experiment reveals that extended male care does not contribute to the maintenance of egg-bacterial communities, so there may be other potential routes of transfer. This study contributes to our understanding of the diversity and maintenance of egg microbiomes, and motivates further research on how initial bacteria are acquired and the ontogenetic development of host–symbiont communities.
Data from: Immune stability predicts tuberculosis infection risk in a wild mammal
Immunity is one of the most variable phenotypic traits in animals; however, some individuals may show less fluctuation in immune traits, resulting in stable patterns of immune variation over time. It is currently unknown whether immune variation has consequences for infectious disease risk. In this study, we identified moderately stable immune traits in wild African buffalo and asked whether the stability of these traits affected bovine tuberculosis (TB) infection risk. We found that adaptive immune traits such as the level of IFN-γ released after white blood cell stimulation, the number of circulating lymphocytes, and the level of antibodies against bovine adenovirus-3 were moderately repeatable (i.e. stable) over time, whereas parameters related to innate immunity either had low repeatability (circulating eosinophil numbers) or were not repeatable (e.g. neutrophil numbers, plasma bacteria killing capacity). Intriguingly, individuals with more repeatable IFN-γ and lymphocyte levels were at a significantly higher risk of acquiring TB infection. In stark contrast, average IFN-γ and lymphocyte levels were poor predictors of TB risk, indicating that immune variability rather than absolute response level better captured variation in disease susceptibility. This work highlights the important and under-appreciated role of immune variability as a predictor of infection risk.
Data from: Genetics-based interactions of foundation species affect community diversity, stability, and network structure
We examined the hypothesis that genetics-based interactions between strongly interacting foundation species, the tree Populus angustifolia and the aphid Pemphigus betae, affect arthropod community diversity, stability and species interaction networks of which little is known. In a 2-year experimental manipulation of the tree and its aphid herbivore four major findings emerged: (i) the interactions of these two species determined the composition of an arthropod community of 139 species; (ii) both tree genotype and aphid presence significantly predicted community diversity; (iii) the presence of aphids on genetically susceptible trees increased the stability of arthropod communities across years; and (iv) the experimental removal of aphids affected community network structure (network degree, modularity and tree genotype contribution to modularity). These findings demonstrate that the interactions of foundation species are genetically based, which in turn significantly contributes to community diversity, stability and species interaction networks. These experiments provide an important step in understanding the evolution of Darwin's 'entangled bank', a metaphor that characterizes the complexity and interconnectedness of communities in the wild.
Data from: Stability of spontaneous, correlated activity in mouse auditory cortex
<p>Neural systems can be modeled as complex networks in which neural elements are represented as nodes linked to one another through structural or functional connections. The resulting network can be analyzed using mathematical tools from network science and graph theory to quantify the system's topological organization and to better understand its function. Here, we used two-photon calcium imaging to record spontaneous activity from the same set of cells in mouse auditory cortex over the course of several weeks. We reconstruct functional networks in which cells are linked to one another by edges weighted according to the correlation of their fluorescence traces. We show that the networks exhibit modular structure across multiple topological scales and that these multi-scale modules unfold as part of a hierarchy. We also show that, on average, network architecture becomes increasingly dissimilar over time, with similarity decaying monotonically with the distance (in time) between sessions. Finally, we show that a small fraction of cells maintain strongly-correlated activity over multiple days, forming a stable temporal core surrounded by a fluctuating and variable periphery. Our work indicates a framework for studying spontaneous activity measured by two-photon calcium imaging using computational methods and graphical models from network science. The methods are flexible and easily extended to additional datasets, opening the possibility of studying cellular level network organization of neural systems and how that organization is modulated by stimuli or altered in models of disease.</p>
Data from: Mutualists stabilize coexistence of congeneric legumes
Coexistence requires that stabilizing niche differences, which cause species to limit themselves more than others, outweigh relative fitness differences that cause competitive exclusion. Interactions with shared mutualists, which can differentially affect host fitness and change in magnitude with host frequency, can satisfy these conditions for coexistence, yet empirical tests of mutualist effects on relative fitness and stabilizing niche differences are largely lacking within the framework of coexistence theory. Here, we show that N-fixing rhizobial mutualists mediate coexistence in four naturally co-occurring, congeneric legume (Trifolium) species. Using experimental greenhouse communities, we quantified relative fitness and stabilizing niche differences for each species in the presence of rhizobia originating from conspecific or congeneric hosts. Rhizobia stabilized coexistence by increasing self-limitation of Trifolium species grown with conspecific rhizobia, thus allowing congeners to increase when rare. Greenhouse-measured invasion growth rates predicted natural, unmanipulated coexistence dynamics of Trifolium species over two years in our field sites. Our results demonstrate that interactions with shared mutualists can stabilize coexistence of closely related species.
River dams and the stability of bird communities: A hierarchical Bayesian analysis in a tropical hydroelectric power plant
<ol> <li>The effects of anthropogenic disturbance upon the stability of wildlife communities depend on the heterogeneity and connectivity of habitat remnants on multiple scales. The number of hydroelectric dams in biodiversity hotspots (Africa, South America and Asia) is growing rapidly. To establish their environmental impact, it is essential to understand the dynamics of wildlife communities before and following the establishment of dams.</li> <li>We evaluated the impacts of the filling of the Serra do Facão hydroelectric reservoir in the São Marcos river, central Brazil, upon the bird community. Using data from 1,145 surveys across 20 sampling sites over eight years, two years before and six years after the filling of the reservoir, we assessed the resistance, i.e., maintenance close to an equilibrium state during the disturbance, and resilience, i.e., ability to return to the original state following the disturbance, of the bird community. We used spatiotemporal hierarchical Bayesian models to assess the effects of reservoir filling on five community parameters: abundance, richness, phylogenetic diversity, functional diversity and species composition.</li> <li>In the period subsequent to reservoir filling, there was (i) a marked reduction in bird abundance, richness, phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity, and (ii) a reduction in the proportion of forest species, coupled with an increase in the proportion of savanna species. Except for bird abundance, none of the other community attributes returned to their original levels, even after six years. Our findings indicate that Cerrado bird communities have both low resistance and low resilience to habitat loss associated with the establishment of hydroelectric reservoirs.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications.</i> The environmental costs of hydroelectric dams are still underestimated or neglected in Brazil. A new paradigm in the assessment of their environmental impacts is warranted, incorporating (i) models of spatiotemporal variations based on long-term monitoring with surveys initiated before disturbances and (ii) measures of functional and phylogenetic diversity, such that society can understand the costs and benefits of the establishment of new hydroelectric dams and make informed decisions. Biodiversity loss could be minimized by ensuring the preservation and connectivity of alluvial habitats, capable of maintaining the supply of resources and the functional and phylogenetic attributes of bird communities associated with such habitats.</li> </ol>
Data from: How neighbourhood interactions control the temporal stability and resilience to drought of trees in mountain forests
<p>1. Over the coming decades, the predicted increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events such as droughts is likely to have a strong effect on forest functioning. Recent studies have shown that species mixing may buffer the temporal variability of productivity. However, most studies have focused on temporal stability of productivity, while species mixing may also affect forest resilience to extreme events. Our understanding of mechanisms underlying species mixing effects on forest stability and resilience remains limited because we ignore how changes from intraspecific to interspecific interactions in the neighbourhood of a given tree might affect its stability and resilience to extreme drought (i.e. response during and after this drought). This is crucial to better understand forests' response to climate change and how diversity may help maintain forest functioning.</p> <p>2. Here we analysed how local intra‐ or interspecific interactions may affect the temporal stability and resilience to drought of individual trees in French mountain<br> forests, using basal area increment data over the previous 20 years for Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba and Quercus pubescens. We analysed the effect of interspecific<br> competition on (a) the temporal stability and (b) the resilience to drought (resistance and recovery) of individual tree radial growth.</p> <p>3. We found no significant interspecific competition effect on temporal stability, but species‐specific effects on tree growth resilience to drought. There was a positive<br> effect of heterospecific proportion on the drought resilience of Q. pubescens, a negative effect for A. alba and no effect for F. sylvatica. These differences may be<br> related to interspecific differences in water use or rooting depth.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: In this study, we showed that stand composition influences individual tree growth resilience to drought, but this effect varied depending on the species<br> and its physiological responses. Our study also highlighted that a lack of biodiversity effect on long‐term stability might hide important effects on short‐term<br> resilience to extreme climatic events. This may have important implications in the face of climate change.</p>
Data from: Clonal evolution and genome stability in a 2,500-year-old fungal individual
Individuals of the basidiomycete fungus Armillaria are well-known for their ability to spread from woody substrate to substrate on the forest floor through the growth of rhizomoprhs. Here we made 248 collections of A. gallica in one locality in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. To identify individuals, we genotyped collections with molecular markers and somatic compatibility testing. We found several different individuals in proximity to one another, but one genetic individual stood out as exceptionally large, covering hundreds of tree root systems over approximate 75 hectares of forest floor. Based on observed growth rates of the fungus, we estimate the minimum age of the large individual as 2,500 years. With whole-genome sequencing and variant discovery, we also found that mutation had occurred within the somatic cells of the individual, reflecting its historical pattern of growth from a single point. The overall rate of mutation over the 90 mb genome, however, was extremely low. This same individual was first discovered in the late 1980s, but its full spatial extent and internal mutation dynamic was unkown at that time. The large individual of A. gallica has been remarkably resistant to genomic change as it has persisted in place.
Bat-flower interaction networks in Caatinga reveal generalized associations and temporal stability
<p>Seasonal variation in precipitation regimes influences species composition and plant-animal interactions. Such temporal variation is especially relevant in the Brazilian Caatinga, the largest Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in South America, where bat pollination is unusually frequent in comparison with other tropical plant communities. Here, we describe seasonal and annual variations of the interaction networks between nectarivorous bats and flower species in the Caatinga. Five species of nectar-feeding bats interacted with 30 plant species. Nectarivorous bats showed high levels of interaction overlap, which contributed to ecological generalization (low specialization and modularity) and lack of nestedness in the interaction networks. This pattern was consistent across seasons and years. Chiropterophilous and non-chiropterophilous plants were equally important components of the interaction network. The generalized interaction patterns found may be a necessary condition for the persistence of nectarivorous bats and their specialized plants in the environmentally harsh and variable Caatinga. The underappreciated generalized interactions of bats with plants calls for studies testing the effectiveness of bats in pollinating the plants they visit, including those not typically categorized as "bat-flowers".</p>
Riccati-Based Feedback Stabilized Navier-Stokes Flow
Closed-loop simulation of Navier-Stokes flow within "von Kármán vortex street". The vertical component of the velocity field is illustrated. The top video shows the velocity field without any feedback. The middle video shows the influence of the initial feedback, compute via a Bernoulli equation. The bottom video shows the stabilizing influence of the Riccati-based feedback for $\lambda=2$.
Sulfo-SMCC Prevents Annealing of Taxol-Stabilized Microtubules In Vitro
<p>The data consists of raw images analyzed for the paper 'Sulfo-SMCC Prevents Annealing of Taxol-Stabilized Microtubules In Vitro'.</p> <ol> <li>For all files: different data sets are indicated by using prefix A, 2A , 3A for untreated microtubules, and prefix B, 2B, 3B for sulfo-SMCC treated microtubules.</li> <li>Filenames that include time points of 0 h, 6 h, or 24 h show images of treated and untreated microtubules at different time points. This data was used for Fig 1 in the paper.</li> <li>The files with prefix 'dual' refer to data from dual colored experiments. Microtubules were labeled with green dye (488 in filenames) and red dye (TMR in filenames). This data was used for Fig 2 in the paper.</li> <li>The files with prefix 'chemical' are from one experiment with different chemical treatments on MTs. This data was used for Fig 3 in the paper.</li> </ol>
Dataset supporting Sound and Automated Synthesis of Digital Stabilizing Controllers for Continuous Plants
<p>Executable benchmarks and result data set for the experimental evaluation in our publication "Sound and Automated Synthesis of Digital Stabilizing Controllers for Continuous Plants" published at Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (HSCC) 2017.</p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>Modern control is implemented with digital microcontrollers, embedded within a dynamical plant that represents physical components.</p> <p>We present a new algorithm based on counter-example guided inductive synthesis that automates the design of digital controllers that are correct by construction. The synthesis result is sound with respect to the complete range of approximations, including time discretization, quantization effects, and finite-precision arithmetic and its rounding errors.</p> <p>We have implemented our new algorithm in a tool called DSSynth, and are able to automatically generate stable controllers for a set of intricate plant amodels taken from the literature within minutes.</p>
Tuning CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 Perovskite Oxygen Stability in Thin Films and Solar Cells
<p>The rapid development of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites has resulted in high efficiency photovoltaic devices. However the susceptibility of these devices to degradation under environmental stress has so far hindered commercial development, requiring for example expensive device encapsulation. Herein, we have investigated the stability of CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 [x = 0..1] thin film and solar cells under controlled humidity, light, and oxygen conditions. We show that higher bromide ratios increases tolerance to moisture, with x = 1 thin films being stable to 120 hr of moisture stress. Under light and dry air, partial bromide (x < 1) subsitution does not enhance film stability significantly, with the corresponding solar cells degrading within two hours. In contrast CH3NH3PbBr3 films show excellent stability, with device stability being limited by the organic interlayer. For these x = 1 films we show charge carriers are quenched in the presence of oxygen and form superoxide; however in contrast to perovskites containing iodide, this superoxide does not degrade the crystal. Our observations show that iodide limits the oxygen and light stability of CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 perovskites, but that CH3NH3PbBr3 provides an opportunity to develop inherently stable high voltage photovoltaic devices and 4-terminal tandem solar cells.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.