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University of Kansas Field Station: Water level and ice cover at Frank B. Cross Reservoir (Kansas, USA) 1993 - 2016
This database is from regular monitoring of water level and surface ice cover at Frank B. Cross Reservoir, a small freshwater impoundment in northeastern Kansas (USA). Cross Reservoir, located at the University of Kansas Field Station near Lawrence (KS), has a 3-ha surface area and a maximum depth of 12 m. Measurements of water elevation and estimates of ice cover were made at semi-monthly intervals (i.e., roughly every two weeks). The first data were taken in December 1993, shortly after the reservoir was constructed and first filled to capacity. Water levels were measured relative to a permanent water control structure. Ice cover observations were visual estimates of the percent (%) surface of the reservoir covered with ice. Water level measurements and ice cover estimates are made at the same time. This database is updated periodically and maintenance is ongoing.
Ice cover data for Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir, Vinton, Virginia, USA for December 2013-December 2022
Ice cover was recorded at Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir (both located in Vinton, Virginia, USA) using multiple methods. The ice cover record for Falling Creek Reservoir began in the winter of 2013-2014 and Beaverdam Reservoir beginning in the winter of 2020-2021. Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as a primary and secondary drinking water source, respectively, for Roanoke, Virginia. These two reservoirs are some of the southernmost waterbodies in the United States that exhibit ice cover during the winter. Given incipient climate change, Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir's ice cover data represent an important record of warming for waterbodies in the southeastern United States. Ice cover presence was assessed using multiple methods: visual observation of ice spanning the deep hole (from an observer standing on a reservoir's dam); visual observation via an automated camera deployed near the deep hole; water temperature data from a profile of sensors deployed at a reservoir's deepest site; upwelling shortwave radiation and albedo measured by a meteorological station deployed on a metal structure located over Falling Creek Reservoir's deep hole; and dissolved oxygen sensors deployed at multiple depths at the deep hole of both reservoirs.
High resolution stream temperature, pressure, and estimated depth from transducers in streams in the Lake Sunapee watershed, New Hampshire, USA 2010-2018
Seven in-stream HOBO pressure transducers and one reference HOBO pressure transducer have been deployed within the Lake Sunapee, NH, USA watershed. Six of the transducers have been in operation since 2010 and an additional transducer was added in 2016. The transducers record data every 15 minutes, and data are downloaded approximately three times per year (early Spring, mid Summer and late Fall). Shortly after download, the data are processed to estimate stream depth using HOBOware's Barometric Compensation Assistant and converted to a .csv file in HOBOware. The data have been QAQC'd to recode obviously errant data to NA using R programming language. No data transformation has occurred beyond basic QAQC of the data to remove known data issues and obviously errant data. The barometric pressure data from the reference transducer located on land are also included in this data package.
Gloeotrichia echinulata density at four nearshore sites in Lake Sunapee, NH, USA from 2005-2016
Surface densities of Gloeotrichia echinulata, a filamentous colonial cyanobacterium, were collected at four nearshore sites in Lake Sunapee, NH, USA from 2005-2016. Lake Sunapee is a large (1667 hectare surface area), oligotrophic, north temperate lake used for drinking water and recreation with a primarily forested watershed and a moderately-developed shoreline. Samples were collected approximately weekly at Herrick Cove South and Newbury mid-July to September in 2005 and at Herrick Cove South late June to mid-September in 2006. Data collection at Herrick Cove South, Newbury, South of the Fells, and Sunapee Harbor occurred from mid-June to mid-September in 2007-2008 and from May to October in 2009-2016.
Public Transit Infrastructure and Heat Perceptions in Hot and Dry Climates (June-July, 2018; Phoenix, Arizona, USA)
Increasing the use of public transit is an important sustainability goal targeted by many cities worldwide. However, cities in hot and warming climates risk to compromise residents’ health and thermal comfort by incentivizing public transit use and, thus, subjecting them to prolonged heat exposure. This dataset contains data collected during a study on the relationships between public transit infrastructures, microclimate and heat perceptions in the hot and dry city of Phoenix, Arizona. A field campaign at six Phoenix bus stops was held between June 6 and July 27, 2018. Filed campaign consisted of surveying bus riders at bus stops and measuring microclimate variables at sun exposed and shaded locations at bus stops. Standard, advertising and art bus stop types along an arterial Phoenix road in South Mountain Village neighborhood were sampled. Standard and advertising bus stop shelters were metal with no landscaping, art stops had a larger polycarbonate canopy, integrated artwork, trees and landscaping features. Eighty-three participants filled out the survey, 241 microclimate measurements and 1003 surface temperatures at bus stops were taken. Data were collected at three intervals: 7:00-9:00am, 12:00-2:00pm, and 3:00-5:00pm. Differences between sun and shade, as well as heat perceptions were analyzed using statistical methods. The research team has found that certain infrastructure types are more effective in reducing particular microclimate variables, for instance, trees were most effective in reducing air temperature by as much as 1.3°C on average, and shade from vertical advertising sign was most effective in reducing mean radiant temperature by an average of 11°C. Many surface temperatures of sun exposed materials sampled at bus stops exceeded skin burn thresholds. Study participants perceived stops with improved infrastructure and landscaping as slightly cooler. Data collected in this study gives a glimpse of current microclimate conditions at Phoenix bus stops
Nyack Floodplain RiverNet surface water and groundwater dissolved oxygen, conductivity, water level, and temperature Northwest Montana, USA, 2012-2020
Water dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature, and level from ten locations in the Nyack Floodplain of the Middle Fork of the Flathead River in Northwest Montana, USA. Measurements are made hourly for the period of 2012 to 2020. Six sensor are placed in groundwater wells and four are placed in surface water. Data up to June 26h, 2019 have been cleaned to remove bad data and flag potentially anomalous observations.
High-Frequency Water Temperature Data at Lake Lillinonah, Connecticut, USA, 2011-2015
Since 2011, an instrumented buoy maintained by Friends of the Lake (FOTL, friendsofthelake.org) and Fairfield University has been deployed on Lake Lillinonah (Connecticut, USA) during the summer months to collect high-frequency water quality data. The buoy is deployed early each summer and remains in the lake until late October. From 2011-2015, the instrumented buoy was equipped with a Nexsens thermistor chain, collecting data every meter from 0.1 to 12 meters and every other meter from 12 to 18 meters. Data were collected every fifteen minutes. Included in this data package are datasets containing 15-minute data as well as daily averages. Following the summer of 2015, the buoy was equipped with an RBR thermistor chain with sensors at different depths. Available data from the RBR thermistor chain (beginning in 2018) can be found in EDI package 558. Additional high-frequency water quality data for Lake Lillinonah including dissolved oxygen, specific conductance and pigment fluorescence are available in packages EDI559 and EDI560.
Fish and crayfish density and count data for Peeks Creek, Macon County, NC, USA 2005-2014, 2019, and 2022 following a catastrophic debris flow, as well as six reference streams
We followed the process of recovery of the fish and crayfish assemblage in Peeks Creek, a high-gradient second order stream in the Little Tennessee River watershed of North Carolina, after a debris flow devastated the channel and its riparian zone. After 15 years, the fish assemblage had recovered, and the channel and riparian zone had stabilized. Of the three major components of the fish assemblage, Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)), a strong swimmer, reappeared in year 1. Longnose Dace (Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes)) reappeared in year 3. Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdii Girard), a weak swimmer, did not become established until year 6 and only resumed expected abundance in year 9. Appalachian Brook Crayfish (Cambarus bartonii cavatus Hay) numbers recovered quickly, though only one individual was found the year following the debris flow. Unassisted natural recovery occurred after a costly engineered restoration project had been rejected and arguably represents the preferable solution. However, recovery of the fish assemblage may not have been achieved if the stream flowed directly into an impoundment or low gradient river that lacked the source of species for recolonization, or if the stream had been located above a barrier to upstream movement.
Simulated forest dynamics (2016-2100) for six future climate-fire scenarios and five representative landscapes in Greater Yellowstone, USA
We simulated fire (incorporating fuels feedbacks) and forest dynamics on five landscapes spanning the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) to ask: (1) How and where are forest landscapes likely to change with 21st-century warming and fire activity? (2) Are future forest changes gradual or abrupt, and do forest attributes change synchronously or sequentially? (3) Can forest declines be averted by mid-21st-century stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations? We used the spatially explicit individual-based forest model iLand to track multiple attributes (forest extent, stand age, tree density, basal area, aboveground carbon stocks, dominant forest types, species occupancy) through 2100 for six climate scenarios. The five study landscapes are representative of dominant forest types and environmental gradients of the Northern Rockies; collectively, they encompass nearly 300,000 ha, of which 279,488 ha are potentially stockable with trees. This data set contains annual landscape-level output data for simulations to 2100 with 6 climate scenarios (3 general circulation models x 2 representative concentration pathways) x 5 landscapes x 20 iterations of simulated fires. We include the data and R scripts used for the analyses of abrupt change in the publication associated with these data; all other analyses used standard functions in R.
2017 seasonal high frequency monitoring of Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) dissolved carbon dioxide, pH, and electrical conductivity
These data were collected by the University of Montana and Montana State University to support the Upper Clark Fork River restoration monitoring project supported by the US NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river metabolic regime to the floodplain restoration via inference of whole-ecosystem metabolism from the daily variation in carbon dioxide concentrations. Data are primarily measurements of dissolved carbon dioxide, pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature in well-mixed river thalweg water. Additional miscellaneous data were collected for quality control. Data are from late in the 2017 field season. Data were collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at the Galen and Racetrack sites northeast of Anaconda, Montana, USA. High frequency carbon dioxide and pH data were collected using field deployments SAMI sensors from Sunburst Sensors (Missoula, Montana, USA). Electrical conductivity data was collected with a HOBO sensor from Onset Computer Corporation (Bourne, Massachusetts, USA).
Water year 2019 monitoring of the inorganic carbon system (pH and total alkalinity) in the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA)
These data were collected by the University of Montana and Montana State University to support the Upper Clark Fork River restoration monitoring project supported by the US NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river inorganic carbon system to the floodplain restoration. Data are lab analyses of pH and total alkalinity in samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data are from the 2019 water year (1 Oct 2018 to 30 Sep 2019). Data were collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at 13 project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA. Lab analyses include high-precision colorimetric pH analysis and gran titration of alkalinity.
Surface and SubSurface Soil Organic Matter Processing following Hurricane Harvey, Texas, USA
Coastal wetland plant identity and cover is changing, as many subtropical salt marshes dominated by low-stature herbaceous species transition to woody mangroves. How changes in dominant plant species affect carbon processing in coastal wetlands during storms is uncertain. We experimentally manipulated patch-scale (3 × 3 m) cover of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) and saltmarsh plants (e.g., Spartina alterniflora, Batis maritima) in fringe and interior locations of ten plots (24 × 42 m) to create a gradient in mangrove cover in coastal Texas, USA. Hurricane Harvey made direct landfall over our site on 25 August 2017. To test how mangrove cover affected carbon retention after the storm, we measured litter breakdown rates (k) of A. germinans and S. alterniflora in surface soils and fast- and slow-decomposing standard litter substrates (green and red tea, respectively) in subsurface soils (15 cm depth). Soil temperatures were lower in mangrove than marsh patches, and prior microclimate measurements showed non-linear increases in air and soil temperatures with increasing mangrove cover (highest temperatures at intermediate % cover). Litter breakdown rates (k) were 2 higher in surface than in subsurface soils. Avicennia germinans litter k increased linearly in surface soils with plot-level mangrove cover, whereas slow-decomposing red tea had similar k in subsurface soils of all plots. Litter k of S. alterniflora in surface soils and fast-decomposing green tea in subsurface soils increased non-linearly with mangrove cover (highest k at intermediate % cover), explained largely by temperature. Microbial respiration rates (R) were highest in interior marsh patches for S. alterniflora litter and increased with plot-level mangrove cover, whereas R associated with A. germinans litter was similar among fringe and interior patches and highest at higher mangrove cover. Despite widespread declines in soil nutrient concentrations throughout marsh and mangrove patches in all pl
Water year 2017-18 monitoring of the inorganic carbon system (pH and total alkalinity) in the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA)
These data were collected by the University of Montana and Montana State University to support the Upper Clark Fork River restoration monitoring project supported by the US NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river inorganic carbon system to the floodplain restoration. Data are lab analyses of pH and total alkalinity in samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data are from the 2017 and 2018 water years (1 Oct 2016 to 30 Sep 2018). Data were collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA. Lab analyses include high-precision colorimetric pH analysis and gran titration of alkalinity.
Water year 2020 monitoring of the inorganic carbon system (pH and total alkalinity) in the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA)
These data were collected by the University of Montana and Montana State University to support the Upper Clark Fork River restoration monitoring project supported by the US NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river inorganic carbon system to the floodplain restoration. Data are lab analyses of pH and total alkalinity in samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data are from the 2020 water year (1 Oct 2019 to 30 Sep 2020). Data were collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA. Lab analyses include high-precision colorimetric pH analysis and gran titration of alkalinity.
Modeled dry deposition flux of nitrogen (NO) in central Arizona, USA (1998)
The role of urban vegetation on NOx-derived dry deposition fluxes was investigated for the arid Phoenix (Arizona, USA) metropolitan area using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) (9-13 June 1998). A new land cover classification and updated land cover data were introduced in the model to account for spatial extent and heterogeneity of urban land cover. Adjustments were made in the deposition velocity calculations to consider the adaptation of local plants to the environmental conditions of Central Arizona. According to the simulations 25 % of the NOx derived dry deposition fluxes in the urban area were deposited on vegetation. When urban vegetation was excluded from the simulations NO2 deposition was reduced by 57 % because of the significantly lower deposition velocities of impervious compared to vegetated surfaces; nitric acid deposition was relatively unchanged. Using a diagnostic model with input data from urban air quality monitoring sites, hourly NO and NO2 dry N deposition fluxes were simulated for the entire year 1998 to ~6 kg ha-1 yr-1. Dry deposition declined during the summer months, due to lower pollutant concentrations and temperature-induced closure of the plant stomata during afternoon hours.
Modeled dry deposition flux of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in central Arizona, USA (1998)
The role of urban vegetation on NOx-derived dry deposition fluxes was investigated for the arid Phoenix (Arizona, USA) metropolitan area using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) (9-13 June 1998). A new land cover classification and updated land cover data were introduced in the model to account for spatial extent and heterogeneity of urban land cover. Adjustments were made in the deposition velocity calculations to consider the adaptation of local plants to the environmental conditions of Central Arizona. According to the simulations 25 % of the NOx derived dry deposition fluxes in the urban area were deposited on vegetation. When urban vegetation was excluded from the simulations NO2 deposition was reduced by 57 % because of the significantly lower deposition velocities of impervious compared to vegetated surfaces; nitric acid deposition was relatively unchanged. Using a diagnostic model with input data from urban air quality monitoring sites, hourly NO and NO2 dry N deposition fluxes were simulated for the entire year 1998 to ~6 kg ha-1 yr-1. Dry deposition declined during the summer months, due to lower pollutant concentrations and temperature-induced closure of the plant stomata during afternoon hours.
Modeled dry deposition flux of nitrogen (HNO3) in central Arizona, USA (1998)
The role of urban vegetation on NOx-derived dry deposition fluxes was investigated for the arid Phoenix (Arizona, USA) metropolitan area using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) (9-13 June 1998). A new land cover classification and updated land cover data were introduced in the model to account for spatial extent and heterogeneity of urban land cover. Adjustments were made in the deposition velocity calculations to consider the adaptation of local plants to the environmental conditions of Central Arizona. According to the simulations 25 % of the NOx derived dry deposition fluxes in the urban area were deposited on vegetation. When urban vegetation was excluded from the simulations NO2 deposition was reduced by 57 % because of the significantly lower deposition velocities of impervious compared to vegetated surfaces; nitric acid deposition was relatively unchanged. Using a diagnostic model with input data from urban air quality monitoring sites, hourly NO and NO2 dry N deposition fluxes were simulated for the entire year 1998 to ~6 kg ha-1 yr-1. Dry deposition declined during the summer months, due to lower pollutant concentrations and temperature-induced closure of the plant stomata during afternoon hours.
Modeled dry deposition flux of total nitrogen in central Arizona, USA (1998)
The role of urban vegetation on NOx-derived dry deposition fluxes was investigated for the arid Phoenix (Arizona, USA) metropolitan area using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) (9-13 June 1998). A new land cover classification and updated land cover data were introduced in the model to account for spatial extent and heterogeneity of urban land cover. Adjustments were made in the deposition velocity calculations to consider the adaptation of local plants to the environmental conditions of Central Arizona. According to the simulations 25 % of the NOx derived dry deposition fluxes in the urban area were deposited on vegetation. When urban vegetation was excluded from the simulations NO2 deposition was reduced by 57 % because of the significantly lower deposition velocities of impervious compared to vegetated surfaces; nitric acid deposition was relatively unchanged. Using a diagnostic model with input data from urban air quality monitoring sites, hourly NO and NO2 dry N deposition fluxes were simulated for the entire year 1998 to ~6 kg ha-1 yr-1. Dry deposition declined during the summer months, due to lower pollutant concentrations and temperature-induced closure of the plant stomata during afternoon hours.
Macroinvertebrate collections following floods in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA 1985-1999
The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability influences the structure and function of desert streams. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Arid regions are characterized by high interannual variation in precipitation, and these climate patterns drive the overall disturbance regime (in terms of flooding and drying) and nutrient status of desert stream ecosystems. At long time scales, the number and size of floods in a given year or cluster of years dictate nutrient delivery to streams from the surrounding catchment, and also influence the biogeomorphic structure of the stream-riparian corridor. Embedded within this decadal-scale hydrologic regime, flash floods scour stream channels and initiate a series of rapid successional changes by benthic algae and macroinvertebrates at short time scales (i.e., within a year). An important goal of this research is to determine how recovery following discrete events is influenced by both stream nutrient status and channel structure and to thus better understand how long-term climate variability and change guide the interactions among slow (biogeomorphic change) and fast (post-flood succession) features and processes characteristic of desert stream ecosystems.
Long-term record of streamwater chemistry in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA (1977-1999)
The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability and change influence the structure and function of desert streams via effects on hydrologic disturbance regimes. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Researchers try to (1) determine how climate variability and change over multiple years influence stream biogeomorphic structure (i.e., prevalence and persistence of wetland and gravel-bed ecosystem states) via their influence on factors that control vegetation biomass, and (2) compare interannual variability in within-year successional patterns in ecosystem processes and community structure of primary producers and consumers of two contrasting reach types (wetland and gravel-bed stream reaches). This specific dataset was collected to monitor long-term changes in dissolved nutrient concentrations (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus) and other water-quality parameters by sampling surface water.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.