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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Fig. 2 in On Roth's "human fossil" from Baradero, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina: morphological and genetic analysis

Fig. 2 Picture probably taken by Santiago Roth showing the finding of the Baradero skull. While the resolution of the picture is low, we can still distinguish the maxilla (right upper quadrant) and the mandible (right lower quadrant) likely articulated to each other (Original source: Title "Fig. 48"; Author Lehmann-Nitsche, 1907: 377; URL: https://publi caciones.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/rmlp/article/view/1246; License: CC BY 4.0.)

opencc-by-4.0May 2021View details →

Figuras 16 in Spixia josei: Una nueva especie para la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Odontostomidae)

Figuras 16. Comparación de esculturas de la pared peniana de S. josei con las especies más afines: escalas: 2 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in First report of Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChinNPV) infecting Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Argentina

Fig. 1. Chrisodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus, Tucumán isolate (ChinNPV-Tuc). A-C: scanning electron micrographs of occlusion bodies at different magnifications. D: Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of concatenated polyhedrin,lef-8 and lef-9 ChinNPV partial sequences. ChinNPV-Tuc is highlighted by an asterisk (*). Bootstrap support (1,000 repetitions) is indicated at the nodes. GenBank accessions, isolate name, and geographic origin are given. Scale bar represents substitutions per site.

Fig. 1 in First Jurassic brittlestar from Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Fig. 1. Location and sedimentological section in the studied area. A. Location map of the Neuquén basin in west-central Argentina, showing the study area. B. Sedimentological section in the Arroyo Lapa locality, showing the massive levels where the ophiuroid specimen was collected. C. Satellite image of the Arroyo Lapa locality showing the boundaries of the Lapa, Sierra Chacaicó and Los Molles formations (Google Earth, access April 2022).

Fig. 5 in First Jurassic brittlestar from Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Fig. 5. Ophioleucid ophiuroid Sinosura sp. (MOZ-PI-5930) from the lower Pliensbachian of Sierra Chacaicó Formation, Arroyo Lapa locality, Neuquén, Argentina. A. Mouth skeleton of the studied specimen in ventral view, showing the vertebrae (V) of two arms, one oral shield (OS) proximally bordered by the adoral shields (AOS), a pair of oral plates (OP) and a ventralmost tooth (T). B. Detail of the lateral arm plates (LAP) showing the vertical striation and the spine articulations composed of dorsal (DL) and ventral lobes (VL), with an arrowing showing pointing to the distal (di) end of the arm. C. Detail of proximal arm segments in ventral view, showing the striated lateral arm plates (LAP), the arm spines (AS) and the tentacle notches (TN), with an arrowing showing pointing to the distal (di) end of the arm.

Fig. 4 in First Jurassic brittlestar from Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Fig. 4. Ophioleucid ophiuroid Sinosura sp. (MOZ-PI-5930) from the lower Pliensbachian of Sierra Chacaicó Formation, Arroyo Lapa locality, Neuquén, Argentina. A. General view of the studied specimen. B. Diagram of ophiuroid burial position, note that the unpaired arm is oriented in the opposite direction of the other four arms. C. Detail of the central disc. D. Close view of the unpaired arm, arrows showing pyrite framboids. E. Close view of a paired arm, arrows showing limonite covering striated lateral ossicles. F. Unpaired arm close view, arrows showing spines. G. SEM caption of arm lateral ossicle, stereom structure is obscured by the presence of pyrite framboid aggregation. H. Radiolarian test preserved near the ophiuroid arm.

Fig. 3 in First Jurassic brittlestar from Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Fig. 3. Microscopic characteristics of the ophiuroid-bearing level. In all photomicrographs it is possible to identify the matrix (mtx). A. Photomicrograph of the level containing the ophiuroid fossil, showing phytodetritus (Ft), lithic fragments (Lt), muscovite (Ms), plagioclase (Pl), and angulose quartz (Qz). B. Photomicrograph of the level containing the ophiuroid fossil, showing biotite (Bt), phytodetritus (Ft), lithic fragments (Lt), plagioclase (Pl), framboidal pyrite (Py), and angulose quartz (Qz). C. Photomicrograph of the level containing the ophiuroid fossil showing biotite (Bt) and glauconite (Gl). D. Photomicrograph of the level containing the ophiuroid fossil showing fragments of bryozoans (Br), biotite (Bt), phytodetritus (Ft), and framboidal pyrite (Py). E. Photomicrograph of the level containing the ophiuroid fossil showing foraminifera (Fo), and phytodetritus (Ft). F. Photomicrograph of the level containing the ophiuroid fossil showing piritized bivalve (Bv), phytodetritus (Ft), and plagioclase (Pl).

Fig. 4 in Biomechanical analysis and new trophic hypothesis for Riojasuchus tenuisceps, a bizarre-snouted Late Triassic pseudosuchian from Argentina

Fig. 4. Biomechanical test of external force in the ornithosuchid pseudosuchian Riojasuchus tenuisceps Bonaparte, 1969. Lateral load force (A), tractive load force (B), and twist force (C). External force configuration for each test. The red arrows indicate the direction of the applied forces and the pink cylinder represents the bitten mass (A1–C1). For each test, we present the result of finite element analysis on anterolateral view of the skull (A2–C2), sections of the second and third right teeth of the dentary (A3–C3), and sections of right premaxillary teeth (A4–C4). Abbreviations: mAMP, musculus adductor mandibulae posterior; mAMEs/m/p, musculus adductor mandibulae externus superficialis/medialis/profundus; mPST, musculus pseudotemporalis; mIM, musculus intramandibularis; mPTv/d, musculus pterygoideus ventralis/dorsalis; mDM, musculus depressor mandibulae. The colorimetric scale shows the smooth effective stress distribution in the structure.

Fig. 3 in Biomechanical analysis and new trophic hypothesis for Riojasuchus tenuisceps, a bizarre-snouted Late Triassic pseudosuchian from Argentina

Fig. 3. Biomechanical test of bite force in the ornithosuchid pseudosuchian Riojasuchus tenuisceps Bonaparte, 1969. Skull model in lateral view (A) indicating the position of the bite force measurements (B–E), showing the respective results of finite element analysis for each bite force test. Abbreviations: mAMP, musculus adductor mandibulae posterior; mAMEs/m/p, musculus adductor mandibulae externus superficialis/medialis/profundus; mPST, musculus pseudotemporalis; mIM, musculus intramandibularis; mPTv/d, musculus pterygoideus ventralis/dorsalis; mDM, musculus depressor mandibulae. The colorimetric scale shows the smooth effective stress distribution in the structure.

Fig. 2 in Biomechanical analysis and new trophic hypothesis for Riojasuchus tenuisceps, a bizarre-snouted Late Triassic pseudosuchian from Argentina

Fig. 2. Analysis of mandibular occlusion in the ornithosuchid pseudosuchian Riojasuchus tenuisceps Bonaparte, 1969. A. Skull in lateral view (A1), marking the anterior (blue frame) and posterior (green frame) jaw; also indicated the closing angles for each section of the jaw. The bars show the tendency line of cranial teeth apex (yellow bar), the tendency line of mandibles teeth apex (orange bar), and middle of angle between both (pink bar); the light blue circle represent the captured prey. Arc formed by the anterior dentary teeth during the closing jaw (A2). B. Skulls comparison between Riojasuchus tenuisceps and living crocodiles, with teeth apexes plotted in dorsal view. The teeth apexes plot shows the separation between the cranial and mandibular dental rows on the same side. The blue and red dots correspond to the cranium and mandible teeth apexes, respectively. B not to scale.

Fig. 1 in Biomechanical analysis and new trophic hypothesis for Riojasuchus tenuisceps, a bizarre-snouted Late Triassic pseudosuchian from Argentina

Fig. 1. Skull of the ornithosuchid pseudosuchian Riojasuchus tenuisceps Bonaparte, 1969, from Los Colorados Formation, Late Triassic, La Rioja, Argentina. Photographs of the skull of PVL 3827 (A) and PVL 3828 (B). Reconstructions (C). Three-dimensional skull reconstruction (C1), with muscular reconstruction (C2), and model of muscular action bars (C3). Abbreviations: mAMP, musculus adductor mandibulae posterior; mA- MEs/m/p, musculus adductor mandibulae externus superficialis/medialis/ profundus; mPST, musculus pseudotemporalis; mIM, musculus intramandibularis; mPTv/d, musculus pterygoideus ventralis/dorsalis; mDM, musculus depressor mandibulae. The 3D views of reconstructions are available in the SOM (Supplementary Online Material available at http://app.pan.pl/ SOM/app68-Taborda_etal_SOM.pdf).

Fig. 9 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 9. Palaeogeographic map for the Tremadocian, with the location of latest Cambrian and earliest Tremadocian cephalopods (simplified from Cocks and Torsvik 2021). Abbreviations: AAC, Arctic-Alaska Chukotka; AN, Annamia; ATA, Armorican Terrane Assemblage; AV, Avalonia; BC, Boshchekul- Chingiz; CU, Cuyania; F, Florida; K, Kara; K-O, Kolyma-Omolon; NT, North Tien Shan (including Ch-Ili); PA, Palaeo-Adria; SK, Stepnyak, Selety, and Kokchetav; T, Tarim.

Fig. 3 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 3. Polished sections of samples from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina, showing the random orientation of the conchs of Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. A. CEGH-UNC 27489, showing diagonal and transverse views of specimens. B. CEGH-UNC 27491. B1, several cephalopods tangentially cut, and fragments of shell material. B2, some almost transverse and oblique sections of cephalopods and a variety of undetermined shell material. B3, transverse and sagittal cuts of cephalopods and a variety of randomly oriented shell material. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 2. A in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 2. A. Map of South America showing the main Paleozoic geological provinces of NW Argentina. B. Map of the study area (Jujuy Province, Argentina). The satellite image from Google Earth. QA, Quebrada de Arenal (-23.474677, -65.337646); QY, Quebrada de Yacoraite (-23.3321972, -65.457527). C. General view of the outcrop where the specimens were collected along the Quebrada de Arenal. This interval is characterized by sandstone interbedded with a general interval of siltstone. D. Regional biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy correlated with the map intervals used. Modified and updated from Balseiro and Waisfeld (2013) and Vaucher et al. (2020). R. f. anglica, Rhabdinopora flabelliformis anglica. E. Stratigraphic section of the Quebrada de Arenal with the main facies assemblages (FA) that defined the section. Modified from Vaucher et al. (2020). The position where the samples were collected is indicated and belongs to Kainella merdionalis Trilobite Biozon. Til., Tilcara Member; R., Ruspaca Member; K. t., Kainella teiichii.

Fig. 1 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 1. Cambrian and early Tremadocian cephalopod records from different localities within the paleotropical belt (compiled from literature).Abbreviations: Fm., formation; Mb., Member.

Fig. 6 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 6. Ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. (paratype CEGH-UNC 27495a) from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A1, external lateral (slightly oblique) view of the coated specimen; A2, longitudinal micro-CT section; A3, detail of the apical part and adjacent chambers viewed in the micro-CT scan.

Fig. 5 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 5. Ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A. CEGH-UNC 27494a in lateral view (coated with ammonium chloride A1, without coating A2), intermediate view between lateral and dorsal (A3). Note the sutural lateral lobes and the bent apical part of the conch. B. CEGH-UNC 27494c in dorsal view. Note the specimen is crossed by a fracture in the rock that was fixed. C. CEGH-UNC 27501 in dorsal view with the apical part rather deformed. D. CEGHUNC 27496a in dorsal view. E. CEGH-UNC 27496c in dorsal view, partially broken externally. F. CEGH-UNC 27491b in dorsal view, with shell wall. G. CEGH-UNC 27491c in external view, showing the growth lines. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 4. Virtual reconstruction of the ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. from the lower Tremadocian, Lower Ordovician of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina based on composite data of the CT scan analysis of sample CEGH-UNC 27495 (three specimens), in dorsal (A1) and lateral (A2) views.

Fig. 7 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 7. Polished sections with different orientations of the ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A. CEGH-UNC 27489a, sagittal and somewhat oblique cut showing part of the siphuncle, the living chamber and the camerae. B. CEGH-UNC 27489b, sagittal and oblique cut of part of phragmocone showing septal necks. C. CEGH-UNC 27489c, sagittal and oblique cut of part of phragmocone broken apically showing cameral depth. D. CEGH-UNC 27489d, oblique cut of a fragment of conch with some broken septa and part of the siphuncle visible apically. E. CEGH-UNC 27489e, oblique cut of part of a conch in which the siphuncle is partially visible. F. CEGH-UNC 24784a, nearly longitudinal cut showing the siphuncle with septal necks and connecting rings. G. CEGH-UNC 24784b, detail of siphuncle in an oblique section. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 8 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 8. Early Tremadocian (Ordovician) cephalopods from Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A. Ellesmeroceratid Ellesmeroceras sp. (CEGH-UNC 27496b) in oblique-lateral (A1) and oblique-ventral (A2) view of the uncoated specimen, and oblique-lateral view of the coated specimen (A3). Arrow points to the siphuncle. Note the sinuosity of the suture lines. B. Bassleroceratid Bassleroceras? sp. (CEGH-UNC 27497) in lateral view (B1, B2) showing exogastric curvature, low expansion rate, and external siphuncle, in apical view of the apicalmost septum preserved (B3, B4), showing the slightly compressed shape and the siphuncle position. Photographs (B1, B3) and schematic drawings (B2, B4) Scale bars: A, 5 mm, B1, B2, 2 mm; B3, B4, 1 mm. discarded order Bassleroceratida (Evans 2011: 22, and dis- 3.2 mm correspond to part of the living chamber and 4.1 cussion and references therein). We followed here the pro- mm to part of the phragmocone. It has an oral dorsoventral posal by Pohle et al. (2022), in which the family is located diameter of ca. 3 mm, an apical dorsoventral diameter of c within the subclass but not included in any particular or- 2.6 mm, and an apical lateral diameter of ca. 2.1 mm. The der, although Kröger and Pohle (2021) included the family cross-section is slightly compressed (0.8), and the siphuncle within Ellesmerocerida. See Evans (2011) for further discus- is rather large, ventral and marginal (Fig. 8B), with a diamesion about the family Bassleroceratidae. ter 34 % of that the conch diameter. The chambers are very short, ca. 0.3 mm long (Fig. 8B1). There are 10 chambers in Genus Bassleroceras Ulrich and Foerste, 1935 a length equivalent to the conch diameter, i.e., an RCL of 0.1. Type species: Orthoceras perseus Billings, 1865, from the St. Armand At 2.3°, the expansion rate is very low. CEGH-UNC 27480a Limestone, near Phillipsburg, Missisquoi County, Quebec, Canada. is a 7.4 mm long fragment of a slightly exogastric conch, of Tremadocian, Lower Ordovician. which 4 mm corresponds to part of the living chamber and Bassleroceras? sp. 3.4 mm to the phragmocone. Adapically, the dorsoventral diameter is ca. 3 mm, and the siphuncle is 1 mm wide, or Fig. 8B. 33% of that the conch diameter. The chambers are 0.3 mm Material.—CEGH-UNC 27497 and 27480a, from the Alfa- long, indicating an RCL of 0.08. The SCI is 0.16. rcito Member, Santa Rosita Formation, lower Tremadocian, Remarks.—The slightly exogastric curvature of these spec- Lower Ordovician, Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, imens, along with the very low expansion rate of the conch, Jujuy, Argentina. suggests that they can be assigned to the Basslerocertidae. Description.—CEGH-UNC 27497 is a 7.3 mm long frag- We would need more material in order to investigate interment of a slightly exogastrically curved conch, of which nal structures and determine more precisely the taxonomic