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Supplementary material 1 from: Zhang Y, Wang M, Cheng R, Luo Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Chen Q, Shen Y (2022) Mitochondrial characteristics of Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus a protected salamander in China, and biogeographical implications for the family Hynobiidae (Amphibia, Caudata). Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(2): 263-274. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.66578
Figure S1
Supplementary material 3 from: Zhang Y, Wang M, Cheng R, Luo Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Chen Q, Shen Y (2022) Mitochondrial characteristics of Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus a protected salamander in China, and biogeographical implications for the family Hynobiidae (Amphibia, Caudata). Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(2): 263-274. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.66578
Tables S1, S2
FIG. 20 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications
FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma, remarkably bigger than vessels; B, C, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls, parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells. Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2.
FIG. 2 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications
FIG. 2. — Cupressinoxylon sp. MNHN.F.50171: A, transverse section (Ts), growth limits (white arrows), diffuse parenchyma (grey arrows) and zonate parenchyma (black arrows), large black areas are cells filled with deposit material; B, Ts, growth limit with gradual transition from earlywood to latewood; C, tangential longitudinal section (Tls), 1- sometimes 2-seriate rays and parenchyma lines (arrow); D, Tls, detail of 1- sometimes 2-seriate rays; E, Tls, smooth longitudinal parenchyma walls (arrows); F, Tls, 1-2-seriate rays and tangential pits (arrows); G, radial longitudinal section (Rls), possibly cupressoid and/or podocarpoid crossfield pits (arrow); H, Rls, uniseriate radial pits; I, Rls, smooth parenchyma cell walls. Scale bars: A, C, 1 mm; B, 200 µm; E-F, H, 100 µm; G, 50 µm; I, 20 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Discovery of the genus Plethodontohyla (Anura: Microhylidae) in dry western Madagascar: description of a new species and biogeographic implications
FIGURE 2. Plethodontohyla fonetana, holotype (ZSM 123/2006) in ventral view, photographed in life.
Figure 1 in Species of Antarctoscyphus Peña Cantero, García Carrascosa and Vervoort, 1997 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Symplectoscyphidae) collected by US Antarctic expeditions: biogeographic implications
Figure 1. Location of the studied areas (red circles).
Fig. 16 in Biogeographic and Biostratigraphic Implications of the Serratognathus bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western Australia
Fig. 16. Tropodus australis (Serpagli, 1974). A,B, M element; (A), CPC39914, WCB705/243, posterior view (IY128-032); (B), CPC39915, WCB705/243, anterior view (IY129-007). (C), Sa element, CPC39916, WCB705/243, posterior view (IY128-034). (D), Sb1 element (tricostate), CPC39917, WCB705/243, outer lateral view (IY128-033). E,F, Sb2 element (four costate); (E), CPC39918, WCB705/243, outer lateral view (IY128-038); (F), CPC39919, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY128-036). G–I, Sc element; (G), CPC39920, WCB705/243, outer lateral view (IY129-003); (H), CPC39921, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY129-022); (I), CPC39922, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY118-032). J,K, Sd element, CPC39923, WCB705/243, (J), basal view (IY118-033), (K), basal view close up showing the lamellar structure in the basal cavity (IY118-034). L–N, Pa element; (L), CPC39924, WCB705/243, outer lateral view (IY128-028); (M), CPC39925, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY128-022); (N), CPC39926, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY128-029). O,P, Pb element, CPC39927, WCB705/243; (O), outer lateral view (IY129-031), (P), basal view (IY129-030). Scale bars 100 µm.
Fig. 7 in A New Nonmammalian Eucynodont (Synapsida: Therapsida) from the Triassic of Northern Gansu Province, China, and its Biostratigraphic and Biogeographic Implications
Fig. 7. Phylogenetic relationships of trirachodontid eucynodonts within Gomphodontia resulted from analysis of the revised dataset: A, Strict consensus of 67 MPTs (TL5 127 steps, CI 5 0.520, RI 5 0.712, RC 5 0.37). B, 50% majority-rule consensus of the 67 MPTs; note the grouping of the Trirachodontinae with the Sinognathinae in the family Trirachodontidae gains a 58% support.
Fig. 1 in A New Nonmammalian Eucynodont (Synapsida: Therapsida) from the Triassic of Northern Gansu Province, China, and its Biostratigraphic and Biogeographic Implications
Fig. 1. Map of China (above) showing the geographic location of the fossil locality in the Beishan Hills, northern Gansu Province, in relation to the Wuxiang locality in the Shaanganning Basin. Satellite photo of the Beishan area (below); the white arrow points to the type locality (41°5697390N/96°3290230E) in the Beishan Hills (satellite image from Google.com).
Figure 14 in A multivariate analysis of the fringe-toed lizards of the Acanthodactylus scutellatus group (Squamata: Lacertidae): systematic and biogeographical implications
Figure 14. Snout-vent length of males in our samples of continental Sahara Acanthodactylus dumerili and A. scutellatus audouini.
Figure 13 in A multivariate analysis of the fringe-toed lizards of the Acanthodactylus scutellatus group (Squamata: Lacertidae): systematic and biogeographical implications
Figure 13. Geographic distribution of Acanthodactylus scutellatus in the Sahara (thus excluding part of the species range, see text). Dotted lines indicate the approximate limits of the distribution of A. dumerili. Data from Salvador (1982), Baha El Din (1994), Joger & Lambert (1996), Nouïra (1996), this study.
Figure 6 in A multivariate analysis of the fringe-toed lizards of the Acanthodactylus scutellatus group (Squamata: Lacertidae): systematic and biogeographical implications
Figure 6. Box plots of the PC1 scores for different geographical samples of Acanthodactylus dumerili (our new acceptance of the species, corresponding to A. d. exiguus and 'specimens intermediate between dumerili and exiguus' in Salvador, 1982). The PCA was run on both sexes together using the 12 morphological characters employed in the other PCAs.
Figure 1 in A multivariate analysis of the fringe-toed lizards of the Acanthodactylus scutellatus group (Squamata: Lacertidae): systematic and biogeographical implications
Figure 1. Locality of the stations where specimens of Acanthodactylus group scutellatus were collected in coastal Mauritania.
Figure 17 in A multivariate analysis of the fringe-toed lizards of the Acanthodactylus scutellatus group (Squamata: Lacertidae): systematic and biogeographical implications
Figure 17. Geographical distribution of Acanthodactylus senegalensis. Dotted lines indicate the approximate limits of the distribution of A. dumerili. Data from Böhme (1978), Salvador (1982), this study.
Figure 4 from: Espinasa L, D. Bartolo N, E. Newkirk C (2014) DNA sequences of troglobitic nicoletiid insects support Sierra de El Abra and the Sierra de Guatemala as a single biogeographical area: Implications for Astyanax. Subterranean Biology 13: 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.13.7256
Figure 4 - The Boquillas River has changed its course throughout time. The Boquillas River currently separates the karstic areas of Sierra de Guatemala from the Sierra the El Abra. In the upper part of the figure, the Boquillas River is seen crossing the sierras through the Servilleta canyon. On the bottom part of the figure, a fossil canyon indicates the river's ancient course. Caves that in the past connected the Sierra de El Abra in the south to the Sierra de Guatemala in the north were only recently geologically truncated by the erosion of the new river course. Limestone is restricted to the green forested hills.
Figure 3 from: Espinasa L, D. Bartolo N, E. Newkirk C (2014) DNA sequences of troglobitic nicoletiid insects support Sierra de El Abra and the Sierra de Guatemala as a single biogeographical area: Implications for Astyanax. Subterranean Biology 13: 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.13.7256
Figure 3 - Base pair differences versus estimates of divergence in nicoletiids. Base pair differences in the 16S rRNA fragment is plotted against estimates of divergence times millions of years ago (Mya). Molecular clock calibrating points were extracted from: a populations of Anelpistina musticensis that got separated into different islands when the sea level rose after glacial times 12,000 years ago (Espinasa et al. 2011) b and c species of Prosthecina and d species of Anelpistina from Baja California that got separated from the mainland species when the Gulf of Cortes formed 5 mya (Espinasa et al. 2009) e time when nicoletiids arose from a common ancestor with Lepismatids 302 mya (Regier et al. 2010), and f time when insects arose from a common ancestor with anostraca in the Silurian-Ordovician boundary 427 mya (Gaunt and Miles 2002). The lower arrow indicates the 11–12 bp differences between the Sierra de Guatemala and the Sierra de El Abra Anelpistina populations. Such sequence difference is consistent with a common origin very recently, less than 12,000 years ago, and therefore after the environmental disturbances of the ice age.
Figure 2 from: Espinasa L, D. Bartolo N, E. Newkirk C (2014) DNA sequences of troglobitic nicoletiid insects support Sierra de El Abra and the Sierra de Guatemala as a single biogeographical area: Implications for Astyanax. Subterranean Biology 13: 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.13.7256
Figure 2 - Anelpistina quinterensis is one of the most troglomorphic described species of nicoletiids. This relatively large eyeless insect is albino and has extremely elongated appendages. Its habitat is restricted to very humid portions of the caves such as mud banks. It is doubtful that it can survive in an epigean environment. Its habitat probably reflects connectivity within a karstic area throughout geologic times and during the evolutionary history of the species.
Figure 1 from: Espinasa L, D. Bartolo N, E. Newkirk C (2014) DNA sequences of troglobitic nicoletiid insects support Sierra de El Abra and the Sierra de Guatemala as a single biogeographical area: Implications for Astyanax. Subterranean Biology 13: 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.13.7256
Figure 1 - The Cañon de la Servilleta of the River Boquillas separates the contiguous Sierra de Guatemala, to the north, from the Sierra de El Abra, in the south. Limestone is restricted to the green forested hills. This study tested if this 100 m high, 100 m wide canyon was an effective biological barrier that prevented underground migration of troglobites between the two karstic areas.
Data from: An expanded molecular phylogeny of Plumbaginaceae, with emphasis on Limonium (sea lavenders): taxonomic implications and biogeographic considerations
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FIGURE 2 in Tyrannosaurus rex from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) North Horn Formation of Utah: biogeographic and paleoecologic implications
FIGURE 2. Reconstruction of late Maastrichtian paleogeography, paleoenvironments, and dinosaur biogeography for the Western Interior of North America. A. Paleoenvironments mapped onto paleogeographic and biogeographic data: white = water (Pacific Ocean and Late Cretaceous Interior Seaway); light gray = seasonally moist coastal plain; white stipple = semiarid alluvial plain; gray stipple = semiarid upland, intermontane basins; and dark gray = upland thrust belts and early Laramide uplifts. Known paleogeographic distribution of three herbivorous dinosaurs are indicated as follows: Alamosaurus sanjuanensis occurrences indicated with ■; Leptoceratops gracilis occurrences indicated with a •; and Triceratops horridus occurrences indicated with a A. Numbers denote fossil sites within specific geologic formations. Geologic formations are indicated as follows: 1 = Scollard, 2 = Willow Creek, 3 = Frenchman, 4 = Hell Creek, 5 = Lance, 6 = Evanston, 7 = Laramie, 8 = North Horn, 9 = Denver, 10 = Kirtland Shale, 11 = McRae, 12 = El Picacho, 13 = Javelina. The North Horn Formation is further indicated by a star. Occurrences of fossil taxa are listed in Gillette et al. (1986), Lehman (1987) and Ryan and Russell (2001). B. Known paleogeographic distribution of the theropod Tyrannosaurus rex. Open circles denote occurrences, except for the North Horn Formation, indicated by a star.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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