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2,142 results for “by contact”
Experimental and numerical calculation data of contact stiffness/Surface roughness/HPT
<p>Understanding the dynamic condition of the interface between a railway wheel and rail is important to reduce the risks and consider the effectiveness of countermeasures for tribological problems. Traditionally the difficulty in obtaining accurate non-destructive interfacial measurements has hindered systematic experimental investigations. Recently an ultrasound reflectometry technique has been developed as a direct observation method of a rolling-sliding interface, however the topography dependence under the high contact pressures in a wheel-rail contact has not been clarified. For this reason, a novel in-situ measurement of the contact stiffness using ultrasound reflectometry was carried out for three different levels of roughness. A contact pressure equivalent to that in a wheel-rail interface was achieved by using a high-pressure torsion test approach. The dynamic change of contact stiffness with slip was measured using ultrasound and the influence of roughness was investigated. The measured changes were validated using a newly developed numerical simulation, and mechanisms to explain the observed behaviour were proposed in terms of fracture and plastic deformation of the asperity bonds. These findings could help in understanding the traction characteristics for different roughness conditions and also assist in understanding damage mechanisms better, such as wear and rolling contact fatigue.</p>
Data for manuscript sumitted to Open Research Europe, entitled "Low-resistivity, high-resolution W-C electrical contacts fabricated by direct-write focused electron beam induced deposition"
<p>These are the data obtained experimentally and used to draw the figures in the article submitted to Open Research Europe</p>
Data belonging to the article "Syllabification in Language Contact between French and Vietnamese"
<p>This dataset belongs to an article which will appear in the ICAAL 8 conference proceedings and which is dedicated to the syllabification in two language contact settings between Vietnamese and French. The paper discusses gemination and related phenomena. First, it contributes to the theoretical discussion on borrowing processes in loanwords and presents a model that includes all extant views and also accounts for other language contact situations. In our data analysis, we compare loan data to experimental data, and find similar processes in both scenarios. Syllable boundaries are shifted, consonants are geminated and consonant slots are doubled in certain syllabic environments. The emergence of gemination is especially noteworthy as it is only a marginal phenomenon in French and has not been found to exist in Vietnamese. Results provide evidence for our hypothesis that optimal Vietnamese syllables are closed, as these syllables have the highest frequency in the native lexicon. This goes beyond, but also corresponds to the idea that Vietnamese has a dimoraic minimum, and this paper provides more evidence for it.</p>
Data set for "1/f Noise Characterization of Bilayer MoS2 Field-Effect Transistors on Paper with Inkjet-Printed Contacts and hBN Dielectrics"
<p>Data set of the experimental results presented in the article "1/f Noise Characterization of Bilayer MoS2 Field-Effect Transistors on Paper with Inkjet-Printed Contacts and hBN Dielectrics" published in Advanced Electronics Materials.</p>
Genomic data, part 1, of "Secondary contact rather than co-existence – Erebia butterflies in the Alps"
<p>Secondary contact zones are ideal systems to study the processes that govern the evolution of reproductive barriers, especially at advanced stages of the speciation process. An increase in reproductive isolation resulting from selection against maladaptive hybrids is thought to contribute to reproductive barrier buildup in secondary contact zones. While such processes have been invoked for many systems, it remains unclear to which extent they influence contact zone dynamics in nature. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between the butterfly species <em>Erebia</em> <em>cassioides </em>and <em>E.</em> <em>tyndarus</em> in the Swiss Alps. We quantified phenotypic traits related to wing shape and reproduction as well as ecology in order to compare the degree of intra- and interspecific differentiation. Even though only very few first-generation hybrids occur, we find no strong indications for current reinforcing selection, suggesting that if reinforcement occurred in our system, it likely operated in the past. Additionally, we show that both species differ less in their ecological niche at the contact zone than elsewhere, which could explain why co-existence between these butterflies may currently not be possible.</p>
Genomic data, part 2, of "Secondary contact rather than co-existence – Erebia butterflies in the Alps"
<p>Secondary contact zones are ideal systems to study the processes that govern the evolution of reproductive barriers, especially at advanced stages of the speciation process. An increase in reproductive isolation resulting from selection against maladaptive hybrids is thought to contribute to reproductive barrier buildup in secondary contact zones. While such processes have been invoked for many systems, it remains unclear to which extent they influence contact zone dynamics in nature. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between the butterfly species <em>Erebia</em> <em>cassioides </em>and <em>E.</em> <em>tyndarus</em> in the Swiss Alps. We quantified phenotypic traits related to wing shape and reproduction as well as ecology in order to compare the degree of intra- and interspecific differentiation. Even though only very few first-generation hybrids occur, we find no strong indications for current reinforcing selection, suggesting that if reinforcement occurred in our system, it likely operated in the past.<strong> </strong>Additionally, we show that both species differ less in their ecological niche at the contact zone than elsewhere, which could explain why co-existence between these butterflies may currently not be possible.</p>
Determinants of QuantiFERON Plus-diagnosed tuberculosis infection in adult Ugandan TB contacts: A cross-sectional study
<p>Background</p> <p>The tuberculin skin test is commonly used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in resource-limited settings, but its specificity is limited by factors including cross-reactivity with BCG vaccine and environmental mycobacteria. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) overcome this problem by detecting <em>M</em>. <em>tuberculosis</em> complex-specific responses, but studies to determine risk factors for IGRA-positivity in high TB burden settings are lacking.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine factors associated with a positive IGRA by employing the QuantiFERON-TB® Gold-plus (QFT Plus) assay in a cohort of asymptomatic adult TB contacts in Kampala, Uganda. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with forward stepwise logit function was employed to identify independent correlates of QFT Plus-positivity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 202 participants enrolled, 129/202 (64%) were female, 173/202 (86%) had a BCG scar, and 67/202 (33%) were HIV-infected. Overall, 105/192 (54%, 95% CI 0.48–0.62) participants had a positive QFT Plus result. Increased risk of QFT-Plus positivity was independently associated with manual employment/unemployment vs. professional employment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.18, 95% CI 1.01–4.72), a family vs. non-family relation to the index patient (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.33–6.18), living in the same vs. a different house as the index (aOR 3.05, 95% CI 1.28–7.29), a higher body mass index (BMI) (aOR per additional kg/m2 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.18) and tobacco smoking vs. not (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.00–8.60). HIV infection was not associated with QFT-Plus positivity (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.42–1.96).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of IGRA positivity in this study population was lower than previously estimated. Tobacco smoking and raised BMI are hitherto unappreciated determinants of LTBI risk in this setting.</p>
Data from: SMAD4 promotes somatic-germline contact during murine oocyte growth
<p>Development of the mammalian oocyte requires physical contact with the surrounding granulosa cells of the follicle, which provide it with essential nutrients and regulatory signals. This contact is achieved through specialized filopodia, termed transzonal projections (TZPs), that extend from the granulosa cells to the oocyte surface. Transforming growth factor (TGFβ) family ligands produced by the oocyte increase the number of TZPs, but how they do so is unknown. Using an inducible Cre recombinase strategy together with expression of green fluorescent protein to verify Cre activity in individual granulosa cells, we examined the effect of depleting the canonical TGFβ mediator, SMAD4. We observed a 20-50% decrease in the total number of TZPs in SMAD4-depleted granulosa cell-oocyte complexes, and a 50% decrease in the number of newly generated TZPs when the granulosa cells were reaggregated with granulosa cell-free wild-type oocytes. Three-dimensional image analysis revealed that TZPs of SMAD4-depleted cells were also longer than controls and more frequently oriented towards the oocyte. Strikingly, the transmembrane proteins, N-cadherin and Notch2, were reduced by 50% in these cells. SMAD4 may thus modulate a network of cell adhesion proteins that stabilize the attachment of TZPs to the oocyte, thereby amplifying signalling between the two cell types.</p>
Telerobotic intergroup contact: Acceptance and preferences in Israel and Palestine - R Data and code.
<p>We present telerobotics as a novel form of intergroup contact to reduce prejudice and bring about positive social change between groups in conflict. Based on our previous conceptual framework and set of design hypotheses, we conducted a survey that confronts the theory with empirical data on acceptance and preferences of the telerobotic intergroup contact approach in Israel and Palestine. The results shed light on differences in attitudes between the groups and on design considerations for telerobotics when used for intergroup contact. The study serves as a foundation for implementing this novel method of technology-enhanced conflict resolution in the field.</p> <p>The data was analyzed in R software. The archive contains the survey data and the code analyses.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>The research is supported by The Kone Foundation</em></p>
Data affiliated with "Solid bitumen as an indicator of petroleum migration, thermal maturity, and contact metamorphism: A case study in the Barrandian Basin (Silurian - Devonian), Czech Republic"
<p>Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra affiliated with the publication "<span>Solid bitumen as an indicator of petroleum migration, thermal maturity, and contact metamorphism: A case study in the Barrandian Basin (Silurian - Devonian), Czech Republic" in International Journal of Coal Geology (<a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104493" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104493</span></a>).<br></span></p> <p><span>The FTIR data are saved as CSVs under the numbers and names corresponding to Table in Supplement 1. Columns A corresponds to wavenumbers in cm-1, columns B and C to absorbance measured in two measurements.</span></p>
Resistive switching suppression in metal/Nb:SrTiO3 Schottky contacts prepared by room-temperature Pulsed Laser Deposition
<p>Datafiles of the article "Resistive switching suppression in metal/Nb:SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Schottky contacts prepared by room-temperature pulsed laser deposition".</p>
Demonstration of Stretching an Elastic Sample with Electric Contacts on a Self-Built Table
<p>This video demonstrates the stretching of an elastic sample equipped with electric contacts. The experiment takes place on a table constructed by the presenter as part of a project funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. Watch as the sample undergoes controlled deformation, showcasing the functionality of the setup. The samples used are ITO/ZnO/SnO/ITO/PET (in the video) and ITO/ZnO/Co3O4/ITO/Kapton (in the GIF).</p>
Data for "effects of fault contact heterogeneity on laboratory earthquake initiation and dynamic rupture"
<p>The second column in the files named by "Time_and_dLP", "Time_and_Mu0", "Time_and_Sigma0", and "Time_and_Tau0" indicate the along-fault loading point displacement (dLP), macroscopic friction coefficient (Mu0), macroscopic normal stress (Sigma0), and macroscopic shear stress (Tau0), respectively, measured in the loading apparatus. The first column in these files are time.</p> <p>Local fault displacement data are named by the form of, for example, "Event101_FaultDisplacement_L1(x=270mm)", which means that the fault displacement measured by Sensor L1 located at x=270 mm during stick-slip Event 101. Their corresponding time is save in the file named by "Event101_FaultDisplacement_Time".</p> <p>Local shear stress data are named by the form of, for example, "Event101_ShearStress_S1(x=-323.95mm)", which means that the shear stress measured by Sensor S1 located at x=-323.95 mm during stick-slip Event 101. Their corresponding time is save in the file named by "Event101_ShearStress_Time".</p>
Assembly Dataset for Contact Based tasks for Learning from Demonstration
<h1>Assembly Dataset for Contact Based Tasks for Learning from Demonstration</h1> <p>The Dataset is a detailed collection of motion and visual data during kinesthetic demonstration gathered for the HARTU project, specifically for two use cases: PCL (Philips Consumer Lifestyle) assembly of electric shaver's body to lackering fixture and Tofas (Türk Otomobil Fabrikası A.Ş) bearing assembly of the brakes. This dataset supports research and development for Learning from Demonstrations of contact based tasks in robotics, focusing on motion planning, control, and computer vision applications related to contact based assembly tasks.</p> <h2>Dataset Contents</h2> <h3>1. Use Cases</h3> <ul> <li><strong>PCL Assembly</strong>: Demonstrations related to the two assembly tasks in the PCL assembly process.</li> <li><strong>Tofas Assembly</strong>: Demonstrations related to the two assembly tasks in the Tofas assembly process.</li> </ul> <h3>2. Motion Information</h3> <p>The motion data provides detailed information about the movement and operation of the dual arm KUKA robot. This includes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cartesian Positions</strong>: The positions of the robot's end effectors in 6D Cartesian coordinates, position in 3D (x, y, z) and orientation represented as quaternion (x,y,z,w).</li> <li><strong>Joint Positions</strong>: The joint angles or positions of each joint in the robot's arms.</li> <li><strong>Velocity</strong>: The speed of movement in both Cartesian positions and joint positions.</li> <li><strong>Force/Torque</strong>: The forces and torques experienced by the robot's end effectors during the demonstrations measured using FT sensor and torques measured from joints. </li> <li><strong>Gripper Actions</strong>: Information about the actions performed by the robot's grippers, such as open, close during assembly operation.</li> </ul> <h3>3. Camera Information</h3> <p>The visual data is captured using an intel Realsense d455 RGB-D camera, which provides both color and depth information for each frame. This includes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>RGB Data</strong>: Color images captured during the demonstrations, providing visual context for the robot's actions.</li> <li><strong>Depth Data</strong>: Depth images that represent the distance of objects from the camera, useful for 3D reconstruction and spatial analysis.</li> </ul> <h3>4. Data Format</h3> <p>The dataset is stored in HDF5 files, a hierarchical data format that allows for efficient storage and retrieval of large datasets. Each HDF5 file contains:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Motion Data</strong>: Cartesian positions, joint positions, velocities, forces, and gripper actions.</li> <li><strong>Camera Data</strong>: RGB and depth images.</li> </ul> <p>In addition, ROS bags are recorded during each demonstration, capturing all the relavant ROS topics published during the demonstrations for easy playback and analysis.</p> <h2>Format and Structure</h2> <p>The dataset is organized into directories corresponding to individual demonstrations for each use case. Again each use case is recorded for complete execution and step wise execution. Each directory contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li><strong>demo.hdf5</strong>: An HDF5 file containing motion and camera data recorded during demonstration.</li> <li><strong>rosbag2*</strong>: A ROS bag folder containing metadata and db3 file capturing required ROS topics during the demonstration.</li> </ul> <h2>Resources for Working with HDF5 and ROS Bags</h2> <h3>HDF5 Resources</h3> <ul> <li><strong>HDF5 Viewer</strong>: <a href="https://www.hdfgroup.org/downloads/hdfview/">HDFView</a> is a tool for browsing and editing HDF5 files. </li> <li><strong>Python Library</strong>: <a href="http://www.h5py.org/" target="_new" rel="noreferrer">h5py</a> is a Python library for interacting with HDF5 files.</li> </ul> <h3>ROS Bag Resources</h3> <ul> <li><strong>ROS Bag Tutorials</strong>: <a target="_new" rel="noreferrer">ROS Wiki</a></li> <li><strong>rqt_bag</strong>: A GUI plugin for visualizing ROS bag files.</li> </ul> <h2>Usage</h2> <p>This dataset can be used for LfD applications, including but not limited to:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Robotics Motion Planning</strong>: Developing and testing algorithms for controlling dual arm robots in industrial assembly tasks.</li> <li><strong>Robot Vision</strong>: Training and evaluating models for object recognition, tracking, and 3D reconstruction in assembly processes.</li> <li><strong>Force Control</strong>: Studying the interaction forces between the robot and its environment during assembly tasks.</li> </ul> <h2>Licensing and Citation</h2> <p>Please refer to the repository's LICENSE file for terms of use. If you use this dataset in your research, please cite it as per the citation details given.</p> <h2>Contact</h2> <p>For questions or further information, please contact Vamsi Origanti at vamsi.origanti@dfki.de.<br><br><br><br>The HARTU project supports this work. This project has received funding from the European Union’s research and innovation programme Horizon Europe under the grant agreement No. 101092100.</p>
Interacting effects of surface water and temperature on wild and domestic large herbivore aggregations and contact rates
<p>Earth's climate is rapidly changing, bringing forth questions of how domestic and wild animals will alter their behavior in response to increasing temperatures and dryland expansion. Dwindling water availability will likely impact animal behavior and water foraging, potentially increasing animal aggregations and interspecific contacts. These interspecific contacts are especially important for competition, predation, and disease transmission among wildlife and domestic animals.</p> <p>In this study, we analyzed interspecific wildlife and cattle contacts using two years of camera trap data at an experimental water manipulation site at a conservancy in central Kenya.</p> <p>We found that on average, the hourly probability of any interspecific contact was approximately 3.4 times higher at water sources versus drained water sources, and 18 times higher than surrounding matrix areas, and that this relationship was amplified by dry and hot conditions.</p> <p>Species-specific analyses revealed variation in the magnitude of responses across wildlife and domestic cattle, although all animals had approximately 2-3 times higher interspecific contact probability with other species at water in hot conditions versus other conditions. Notably, we observed the largest behavioral changes for relatively water-independent species, such as giraffe, which had 3.6 times higher interspecific contact probability at water sources in hot versus other conditions.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em> These findings show how elevated temperatures that will become increasingly common with future climate changes can increase interspecific contacts around critical water resources. In mixed wildlife-livestock systems, maintaining wildlife-only water sources may be a practical management tool to mitigate human-wildlife conflict and disease transmission at this interface, especially during dry and hot conditions.</p>
A new biomechanical approach on cranial sutures function: The role of contact elements in linear and non-linear models
<p>Understanding cranial sutures and how they relieve and dissipate stress is essential to assess their role in cranial biomechanics and to develop highly accurate predictive models. This involves examining how ontogeny affects cranial sutures, as well as their morphology and function, and how these changes through time may impact essential biomechanical loadings such as chewing or direct biting. In this work we study the cranial sutures of <em>Crocodylus niloticus</em> in detail using contact elements under finite element analysis. Contact elements permit the creation of a physical relationship between two bones that are in contact and even to configure these relationships, e.g. in terms of movement or flexibility. The definition of bone contacts may require linear and/or non-linear computational solutions to attain higher accuracy. Herein, skull geometry is tested to determine how they may be altered by different types of contacts under various conditions. As predicted, the absence of sutures or cranial kinesis leads to a reduction in stress distribution across the skull, whereas sutures and cranial kinesis help the skull relieve stress and prevent certain bones from sustaining high stress levels. The type of contact used in individual sutures has a significant effect on the models' outcome. Additionally, feeding behaviors significantly impact cranial biomechanics, reflecting the influence of other variables that may be applied to the models. As highlighted by the results, in order to obtain accurate results when analyzing fossil taxa, the nature of the cranial sutures should be taken into account. Therefore, developing predictive models based on living taxa is invaluable because it facilitates the study of extinct taxa for which there is a lack of information on the fibrous joints due to poor (or non-) preservation in the fossil record.</p>
CLDF dataset derived from Wang's "Language Contact and Language Comparison" from 2004
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Wang, Feng (2004): Language contact and language comparison. The case of Bai. PhD thesis. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong.</p> </blockquote>
On the role of eye contact in gaze cueing
<p>The data presented here are reported in Kompatsiari et al. 2018<br> Please refer to that paper for context and method. </p> <p> </p>
Russian social contact data relative to reactive school closure policies
<p>The dataset consists of individual contact diaries collected in Tomsk, Russia, in 2016. The dataset contains contact information for both for regular school/work days and for days when classes/schools are closed as a consequence of a reactive school closure strategy.<br> <br> This record consists of the dataset associated with M. Litvinova, Q.-H. Liu, E. S. Kulikov, M. Ajelli, Reactive school closure weakens the network of social interactions and reduces the spread of influenza. PNAS, 116(27):13174-13181, 2019.</p>
Russian contact matrices by age
<p>We provide contact matrices by 5-year age groups for Tomsk, Russia relevant for the transmission of airborne infectious diseases. The dataset is provided in csv format. In the folder "total", we report the overall contact matrix; in folder “by_relation”, we report contact matrices by relation between the study participant and her/his contacts; in the folder "by_social_setting", we report the contact matrices by the social setting where the recorded contact took place.</p> <p>This dataset is associated with the publication: M. Ajelli, M. Litvinova. Estimating contact patterns relevant to the spread of infectious diseases in Russia. J Theor Biol 2017; 419:1-7.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.