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395 results for “carbon to nitrogen”
RCP8.5 CO2 for "Acclimation of photosynthesis to CO2 increases ecosystem carbon storage due to leaf nitrogen savings"
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Ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs alter the relationship between tree mycorrhizal dominance and soil carbon and nitrogen
<p>1. Plant-fungal associations strongly influence forest carbon and nitrogen cycling. The prevailing framework for understanding these relationships is through the relative abundance of arbuscular (AM) versus ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees. Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs are also common in forests and interactions between co-occurring ErM shrubs and AM and EcM trees could shift soil biogeochemical responses. Here we test hypotheses that the effects of ErM shrubs on soil carbon and nitrogen either extend or are redundant with those of EcM trees.</p> <p>2. Using regional vegetation inventory data (>3,500 plot observations) we evaluated the frequency, richness, and relative abundance of ErM plants in temperate forests in the eastern United States and examined their relationship with EcM plant cover. We then used surface soil (7 cm) data from 414 plots within a single forest to analyze relationships between ErM plant cover, relative EcM tree basal area, and soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations while accounting for other biogeochemical controls, such as soil moisture.</p> <p>3. At both scales, we found a positive relationship between ErM and EcM plants, and the majority of ErM plants were in the shrub layer. Within the forest site, ErM plants strongly modulated tree mycorrhizal dominance effects. We found negative relationships between EcM relative basal area and soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, but these relationships were weak to negligible in the absence of ErM plants. Both EcM relative basal area and ErM plant cover were positively associated with the soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. However, this relationship was driven by relatively lower nitrogen for EcM trees and higher carbon for ErM plants. As such, the functional effects of ErM plants on soil biogeochemistry neither extended nor were redundant with those of EcM trees.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. We found that ErM shrubs strongly influenced the relationship between tree mycorrhizal associations and soil biogeochemistry, and the effects of ErM shrubs and EcM trees on carbon and nitrogen were functionally distinct. Our findings suggest that ErM shrubs could confound interpretation of AM versus EcM tree effects in ecosystems where they co-occur but also bolster growing calls to consider mycorrhizal functional types as variables that strongly influence forest biogeochemistry.</p>
Data for the publication "The carbon and nitrogen budget of <i>Desmophyllum dianthus</i> – a voracious cold-water coral thriving in an acidified Patagonian fjord"
<p>Raw and supplementary data and detailed statistical results for the publication "The carbon and nitrogen budget of <em>Desmophyllum dianthus</em> – a voracious cold-water coral thriving in an acidified Patagonian fjord" </p>
Uptake of nitrogen forms by diploid and triploid white poplar depends on seasonal carbon use strategy and elevated summer ozone
<p>This dataset contains data from an experiment described in the paper: "Miaomiao Wang, Guolei Li, Zhaozhong Feng, Yong Liu, Yansen Xu, Mercedes Uscola. Uptake of nitrogen forms by diploid and triploid white poplar depends on seasonal carbon use strategy and elevated summer ozone. Journal of Experimental Botany, erab317, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab317".</p> <p class="15">In the study, we investigated the mechanisms of N forms acquisition in response to developmental phase allowing us to analyze the plasticity in N forms preferences due to internal plant N demands that are modified by growth rates. As a second objective we evaluate the effects of O<sub><span>3</span></sub> enriched atmosphere during summer on the N forms uptake rates, which is a major air pollutant harmful to terrestrial vegetation and to human health. </p> <p class="15">Main results of the experiments are that (1) Both ploidy levels had the physiological capacity to absorb intact glycine, and differed in growth, C and N acquisition patterns and N forms preferences. (2) Diploid, with six times higher RGR in spring than in summer, but similar absolute growth between seasons, showed plasticity on N forms preferences in response to seasons, shifting from no preferences in spring to strong preference on NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>-</span></sup> in summer. (3) Triploid, with only two times higher RGR in spring than in summer, but strongly higher absolute growth in summer than in spring, showed no plasticity among N forms in response to season and an overall preference for NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>-</span></sup>. (4) In response to O<sub><span>3</span></sub>, both ploidy levels decreased their NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>- </span></sup>uptake rates as a consequence of C acquisition reduction. However, while diploid was not able to modify its preferences among N forms, and therefore decreased total N uptake rate, triploid was able to compensate the reduction in NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>-</span></sup> uptake by increasing NH<sub><span>4</span></sub><sup><span>+</span></sup> and glycine acquisition, further decreasing the cost of N uptaken metabolism. (5) The different plasticity on N forms preferences across seasons and in response to elevated O<sub><span>3</span></sub> between ploidy levels was attributed to different C and N use strategy among nutrients functions in plants, i.e. mass growth, N uptake and metabolism and nutrient reserve, including repair or detoxication in response to O<sub><span>3</span></sub>. Those strategies are deeply explored in the discussion.</p>
Bedrock weathering controls on terrestrial carbon-nitrogen-climate interactions
<p>Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition is widely considered to increase CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration by land plant communities on a global scale. Here, we suggest that bedrock nitrogen weathering contributes significantly more to nitrogen-carbon interactions than anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. This working hypothesis is based on the application of empirical results into a global biogeochemical simulation model from the mid-1800s to the end of the 21st century. We demonstrate that rock nitrogen inputs have contributed roughly 2 to 11 times more to net primary productivity gains than nitrogen deposition since pre-industrial times. Projections based on RCP 8.5 show that rock nitrogen inputs and biological nitrogen fixation contribute 2 to 5 times more to terrestrial carbon uptake than anthropogenic nitrogen deposition through year 2101. The enhancement of carbon uptake via rock nitrogen weathering partially resolves nitrogen-carbon discrepancies in Earth system models and offers an alternative explanation for lack of progressive nitrogen limitation in the terrestrial biosphere. We conclude that natural N inputs impart major control over terrestrial CO2 sequestration in Earth's ecosystems.</p>
Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to nitrogen deposition in an old-growth boreal forest
<p>Nitrogen (N) deposition is known to increase carbon (C) sequestration in N-limited boreal forests. However, the long-term effects of N deposition on ecosystem carbon fluxes have been rarely investigated in old-growth boreal forests. Here we show that decade-long experimental N additions significantly stimulated net primary production (NPP) but the effect decreased with increasing N loads. The effect on soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) shifted from a stimulation at low-level N additions to an inhibition at higher levels of N additions. Consequently, low-level N additions resulted in a neutral effect on net ecosystem productivity (NEP), due to a comparable stimulating effect on NPP and Rh, while NEP was increased by high-level N additions. Moreover, we found nonlinear temporal responses of NPP, Rh and NEP to low-level N additions. Our findings imply that actual N deposition in boreal forests likely exerts a minor contribution to their soil C storage.</p>
Data from: Carbon versus nitrogen release from root and leaf litter are modulated by litter position and plant functional type
<p><span>Litters of leaves and roots of different qualities occur naturally above- and belowground, respectively, where they decompose in contrasting </span><span>abiotic and biotic</span><span> environments. Therefore, ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics can be strongly affected by the combination of </span><span>litter </span><span>position and quality. However, it is poorly understood how C versus N turnover of litters depends on the interplay among plant functional type (PFT), organs, traits, and litter position. </span></p> <p><span>In a semi-arid inland dune, soil surface and buried leaf litters and buried fine roots of 25 species across three PFTs (herbs, legume shrubs, and non-legume shrubs) were incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months to investigate litter decomposition and C and N dynamics. Morphological and chemical (nutrient and </span><span>NMR carbon)</span><span> traits of initial litters of leaves and fine roots were determined.</span></p> <p><span>The litter decomposition rates (k values) of surface leaves and buried fine roots did not differ, but buried fine roots and buried leaf litter decomposed faster than surface leaf litter. </span><span>Ratios of <em>k</em> values of surface leaves to buried leaves decreased with the leaf C:N ratio. </span><span>Herbs and legume shrubs decomposed faster than non-legume shrubs for buried fine roots, but not for leaves. </span><span>At given C loss, buried fine roots had higher N loss than leaf litters;</span><span> legume shrubs with relatively higher N or lower C:N ratio had higher N loss than non-legume shrubs.</span><span> Stronger positive relationships between C and N losses were shown in leaves and legume shrubs than in fine roots and non-legume shrubs, respectively.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Synthesis</strong>: The generality of faster N release of legume litters at a given C release highlights the importance of legumes in N cycling in semi-arid ecosystems where N is the limiting factor. The dynamics and coordination of C versus N release as a function of litter quality are modulated by litter position and PFT. These findings have important implications for the development of process-based models on C and N cycles in the context of ongoing global change potentially altering the functional composition of plant communities and the relative quantities and qualities of aboveground versus belowground litter.</span></p>
Effects of habitat types on the dynamic changes of allocation in carbon and nitrogen storage of vegetation-soil system in sandy grasslands
<p>The progressive restoration of degraded vegetation in semiarid and arid desertified areas undoubtedly formed different habitat types. The most plants regulate their growth by fixing carbon with their energy deriving from photosynthesis, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play the crucial role in regulating plant growth, community structure and function in the vegetation restoration progress. However, it is still unclear how habitat types affect the dynamic changes of allocation in C and N storage of vegetation-soil system in sandy grasslands. Here, we investigated plant community characteristics and soil properties across three successional stages of habitat types: semi-fixed dunes (SFD), fixed dunes (FD) and grasslands (G) in 2011, 2013 and 2015. We also examined the C and N concentrations of vegetation-soil system, and estimated their C and N storage. The C and N storage of vegetation system, soil and vegetation-soil system remarkably increased from SFD to G. The litter C and N storage in SFD, N storage of vegetation system in SFD and N storage of soil and vegetation-soil system in FD increased from 2011 to 2015, while aboveground plant C and N storage of FD were higher in 2011 than in 2013 and 2015. Most of C and N were sequestered in soil in the vegetation restoration progress. These results suggest that the dynamic changes of allocation in C and N storage in vegetation-soil systems varied with habitat types. Our study highlights that SFD has higher N sequestration rate in vegetation, while FD has the considerably N sequestration rate in the soil.</p>
Data for "Nitrogen availability mediates soil carbon cycling response to climate warming: a meta-analysis"
<p>This dataset was used to make tables and figures for the study entitled "Nitrogen availability mediates soil carbon cycling response to climate warming: a meta-analysis", which was submitted to Global Change Biology in October 2022. It contains a meta-analysis database focusing on the effects of warming on soil C storage, root biomass and soil respiration.</p>
Bulk stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of food residues on pottery, stable carbon isotopes of lipids from pottery
<p>Supplementary data for Philippsen, B. (2023) Changing diet in a changing world. In: Groß, D. and Rothstein , M. (eds) Changing Identities in a Changing World.</p>
Spatial and longitudinal distributions of total carbon, nitrogen and sulphur together with water-soluble major ions in marine aerosols collected from the western Pacific and Southern Ocean
<p>Latitudinal ionic distributions are studied over the western Pacific (WP) and Southern Ocean (SO) to explore the sources and formation mechanism of major ions.</p>
Individual and interactive effects of warming and nitrogen supply on CO2 fluxes and carbon allocation in subarctic grassland
<p>We provide data (Data_all.xlsx) and the code for ecosystem productivity, soil respiration, carbon allocation in the shoot, root, soil, and microbes, and nitrogen and carbon availability in plant, soil, and microbes data. The measurements were made under soil warming gradient and under N fertilization treatment during the summer of 2018.</p> <p>The sheet '13C_allocation' contains data on excess <sup>13</sup>C in the plant, soil, and soil respiration for days 1,3,6, and 10 days after <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse labeling. </p> <p>The sheet 'primary productivity' contains data on ecosystem fluxes (Gross primary productivity; Net ecosystem productivity and Dark respiration).</p> <p>The sheet 'SR' contains data of soil respiration.</p> <p>The sheet 'dynamics.' contains data of continuous measurements of soil respired CO<sub>2</sub> (SR), <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> (SR13C), soil water content(SWC), soil temperature (ST), and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and air temperature (Tair).</p> <p>The sheet 'Soil_N' consists of dissolved organic N (TdN), NH<sub>4</sub>, and NO<sub>3</sub> measured in soil. The sheet plant_N consists of N in plants. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) are provided in the sheet 'Microbial_Biomass'</p> <p>The R file 'Script. R' explains and plots the data. In addition, this R file also provides the script for time series regression analysis between response variables (soil-respired CO<sub>2</sub> and soil-respired <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>) and environmental drivers (soil water content, soil temperature, and PAR), and provides the script for structural equation modeling (SEM) and linear mixed effects model and statistics.</p>
Nine years of warming and nitrogen addition in the Tibetan grassland promoted loss of soil organic carbon but did not alter the bulk change of chemical structure
<p>Understanding the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and chemical stabilization dynamics is important for accurately predicting ecosystem C sequestration and/or potential C loss, but the relevant information, especially for the intervention of environmental controls on grassland soil is limited in Tibetan plateau regions. Here we used a 9-year two-way factorial experiment involving warming with open top chambers (+1.80 °C in the daytime and +0.77 °C in the nighttime at the soil surface) and multilevel nitrogen (N) enrichment treatments (0, 5, 10, and 15 g m<sup>-2</sup> year<sup>-1</sup>) in the Tibetan plateau to investigate the changes in SOC pool size and chemical structure. 9-year warming treatment significantly decreased SOC stock in the Tibetan grassland. We observed decreasing SOC concentrations which may be related to changes in the C degrading enzymes. Surprisingly, the SOC molecular structure remained unchanged in all N enrichment and warmed plots, suggesting that both treatments had affected all forms of SOC, from simple and complex polymeric in a similar way. Our results suggest that long-term warming stimulates soil C loss but no preference in SOC loss with different chemical structure.</p>
Simulation data for "Impact of Dynamic Phytoplankton Stoichiometry on Global Scale Patterns of Nutrient Limitation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Carbon Export"
<p>Simulation data for our submission to GBC. Some of the files are compressed in order to minimize the size of the archive. Data files are stored as pickled python variables. The code for analysis of this data is in the github repository: https://github.com/georgehagstrom/BGCPaperFigureCode .</p>
A carbon, nitrogen, and multi-isotope study of basalt glasses near 14°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Part A: Degassing processes
<p>All data appearing in the manuscript and any supplementary documents, figures, or tables of the paper "A carbon, nitrogen, and multi-isotope study of basalt glasses near 14°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.<strong> </strong>Part A: Degassing processes"<strong> </strong>at Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta<strong> </strong>by<strong> </strong>Bekaert et al., are available through this open access data repository.</p>
A carbon, nitrogen, and multi-isotope study of basalt glasses near 14°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Part B: Mantle source heterogeneities
<p>All data appearing in the manuscript and any supplementary documents, figures, or tables of the paper "A carbon, nitrogen, and multi-isotope study of basalt glasses near 14°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.<strong> </strong>Part B: Mantle source heterogeneities"<strong> </strong>at Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta<strong> </strong>by<strong> </strong>Bekaert et al., are available through this open access data repository.</p>
Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling microbial populations and their resistance to global change depend on C:N:P stoichiometry
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Data from: Contrasting conifer species productivity in relation to soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of British Columbia perhumid rainforests
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Data from: Carbon versus nitrogen release from root and leaf litter are modulated by litter position and plant functional type
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Ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs alter the relationship between tree mycorrhizal dominance and soil carbon and nitrogen
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