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391 results for “caterpillars”
Figure 2 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 2. (A) Pinkish-brown coloured cocoon was aligned at the basal midrib of the leaf (scale bar = 50 mm); (B) the cocoon was detached from the leaf (scale bar = 10 mm).
Figure 6 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 6. (A) Dorsal perspective of male Cyclosia macularia (♂; scale bar = 5 mm); (B) ventral perspective of male C. macularia (♂; scale bar = 5 mm).
Figure 4 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 4. (A) Dorsal perspective of female Cyclosia macularia (♀; scale bar = 5 mm); (B) female C. macularia found on tree bark (♀; scale bar = 10 mm); (C) ventral perspective of female C. macularia fore wing (♀; scale bar = 5 mm).
Figure 1 in Bornean caterpillar (Lepidoptera) constructs cocoon from Vatica rassak (Dipterocarpaceae) resin containing multiple deterrent compounds
Figure 1. Stages in cocoon construction showing (A) larva reaching out to detach new pieces of resin from dried sheets on the tree trunk; (B) building pieces of resin into one of the two walls; (C) pulling together the two walls using threads of silk; and (D) the completed cocoon.
Supplementary material 5 from: Fernandez-Triana J, Kamino T, Maeto K, Yoshiyasu Y, Hirai N (2020) Microgaster godzilla (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), an unusual new species from Japan which dives underwater to parasitize its caterpillar host (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.56162
Differences between Microgaster godzilla and other Hygroplitis and Microgaster species
Supplementary material 3 from: Fernandez-Triana J, Kamino T, Maeto K, Yoshiyasu Y, Hirai N (2020) Microgaster godzilla (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), an unusual new species from Japan which dives underwater to parasitize its caterpillar host (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.56162
Probing with antennae above water
Supplementary material 2 from: Fernandez-Triana J, Kamino T, Maeto K, Yoshiyasu Y, Hirai N (2020) Microgaster godzilla (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), an unusual new species from Japan which dives underwater to parasitize its caterpillar host (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.56162
Wasp parasitization behaviour above water
Figure 1 from: Fernandez-Triana J, Kamino T, Maeto K, Yoshiyasu Y, Hirai N (2020) Microgaster godzilla (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), an unusual new species from Japan which dives underwater to parasitize its caterpillar host (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.56162
Figure 1 Microgaster godzilla, female holotype. A habitus dorsal B habitus lateral C wings D head, frontal E details of antenna F head and mesosoma, lateral G head and mesosoma, dorsal.
Supplementary material 4 from: Fernandez-Triana J, Kamino T, Maeto K, Yoshiyasu Y, Hirai N (2020) Microgaster godzilla (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), an unusual new species from Japan which dives underwater to parasitize its caterpillar host (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.56162
Neighbor Joining tree of all DNA barcode sequences
Supplementary material 1 from: Fernandez-Triana J, Kamino T, Maeto K, Yoshiyasu Y, Hirai N (2020) Microgaster godzilla (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), an unusual new species from Japan which dives underwater to parasitize its caterpillar host (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.56162
Wasp parasitization behaviour including diving underwater
Figure 2 from: Fernandez-Triana J, Kamino T, Maeto K, Yoshiyasu Y, Hirai N (2020) Microgaster godzilla (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), an unusual new species from Japan which dives underwater to parasitize its caterpillar host (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.56162
Figure 2 Microgaster godzilla, female holotype. A details of scutellar complex and propodeum B metasoma, dorsal C metapleuron and metasoma, lateral D details of ocelli dorsal E tarsal claw F hypopygium and ovipositor.
Caterpillar survival in the city: Attack rates on model lepidopteran larvae along an urban-rural gradient show no increase in predation with increasing urban intensity (Raw Data)
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Growing native plants in urban gardens is often promoted as a possible means of increasing lepidopteran populations. However, the efficacy of such efforts has not been well studied. Lepidopterans vary widely in their ability to survive in cities, and the few previous studies of caterpillar abundance or biomass across an urban-rural gradient have yielded mixed results. We placed clay caterpillar models in native plant gardens to assess whether the attack rate on these models varied with degree of urbanization (percent impervious surface within 1 km radius of each garden), and whether responses differed across predator taxa. We also examined how garden characteristics (plant biovolume density, plant species richness) affected probability of attack. Overall, attack rates on these models decreased with increasing impervious surface, although predator taxa varied in their sometimes complex responses. For parasitoid wasps, which accounted for 47% of all attacks, increasing biovolume density increased attack probability at impervious surface levels below 35%, but decreased the probability of attack at higher levels of impervious surface. In contrast, probabilities of attack by both predatory wasps and vertebrates decreased with increasing percent impervious surface, but did not vary with impervious surface for ants and spiders. Predation on caterpillars in urban gardens may be lower than in rural ones; however, this potential increase in survival may be a result of declines in some predator taxa, such as predatory wasps and insectivorous birds. More studies across an urban gradient are needed to measure factors other than predation that influence caterpillar survival in gardens.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Effect of host plant and immune challenge on the levels of chemosensory and odorant-binding proteins in caterpillar salivary glands
More than half of the proteome from mandibular glands in caterpillars is represented by chemosensory proteins. Based on sequence similarity, these proteins are putative transporters of ligands to gustatory receptors in sensory organs of insects. We sought to determine whether these proteins are inducible by comparing, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the salivary (mandibular and labial) proteomes from caterpillars (Vanessa cardui) reared on different plants and artificial diet containing either bacteria or bacterial cell-walls. We included a treatment where the caterpillars were switched from feeding on artificial diet to plant material at some point in their development. Additionally, we evaluated the degree of overlap between the proteomes in the hemolymph-filled coelom and salivary glands of caterpillars reared on plant material. We found that the quality and quantity of the identified proteins differed clearly between hemolymph-filled coelom, labial and mandibular glands. Our results indicated that even after molting and two-day feeding on a new diet, protein production is affected by the previous food source used by the caterpillar. Candidate proteins involved in chemosensory perception by insects were detected: three chemosensory (CSPs) and two odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). Using the relative amounts of these proteins across tissues and treatments as criteria for their classification, we detected hemolymph- and mandibular gland-specific CSPs and observed that their levels were affected by caterpillar diet. Moreover, we could compare the protein and transcript levels across tissues and treatment for at least one CSP and one OBP. Therefore, we have identified specific isoforms for testing the role of CSPs and OBPs in plant and pathogen recognition. We detected catalase, immune-related protein and serine proteases and their inhibitors in high relative levels in the mandibular glands in comparison to the labial glands. These findings suggest that the mandibular glands of caterpillars may play an important role protecting the caterpillar from oxidative stress, pathogens and aiding in digestion. Contamination with hemolymph proteins during dissection of salivary glands from caterpillars may occur but it is not substantial since the proteomes from hemolymph, mandibular and labial glands were easily discriminated from each other by principal component analysis of proteomic data.
Data from: Distance-dependent aposematism and camouflage in the cinnabar moth caterpillar (Tyria jacobaeae Erebidae)
Defended prey often use distinctive, conspicuous, colours to advertise their unprofitability to potential predators (aposematism). These warning signals are frequently made up of salient, high contrast, stripes which have been hypothesised to increase the speed and accuracy of predator avoidance learning. Limitations in predator visual acuity, however, mean that these patterns cannot be resolved when viewed from a distance, and adjacent patches of colour will blend together (pattern blending). We investigated how saliency changes at different viewing distances in the toxic and brightly coloured cinnabar moth caterpillar (Tyria jacobaeae). We found that although the caterpillars' orange-and-black stripes are highly salient at close-range, when viewed from a distance the colours blend together to match closely those of the background. Cinnabar caterpillars therefore produce a distance-dependent signal combining salient aposematism with targeted background matching camouflage, without necessarily compromising the size or saturation of their aposematic signal.
FIGURE 14 in Morphology and behaviour of the larva of Calindoea trifascialis (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae), a chemically-defended retreat-building caterpillar from Vietnam
FIGURE 14. Steps in pupal retreat construction., ad. See text for discussion.
Data from: Baculovirus infection triggers a positive phototactic response in caterpillars (a response to Dobson et al. Biol Letters 2015).
We recently reported that baculovirus Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) triggers positive phototaxis in Spodoptera exigua larvae, leading to death at elevated positions. Dobson et al. [1] (University of Stirling, Scotland) question our interpretation of the data. Unfortunately, Dobson et al. rely on unwarranted assumptions possibly reflecting a poor understanding of baculovirus–insect pathobiology, make invalid comparisons and fail to take relevant literature into account. Here, we recapitulate the context and interpretation of our experiments and highlight the misinterpretations by Dobson et al.
FIGURE 20 in Parasitoids of Hesperiidae from peninsular India with description of a new species of Dolichogenidea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitic on caterpillar of Borbo cinnara (Wallace) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
FIGURE 20. Profile view of female of Leptobatopsis indica (Cameron).
Junonia atlites atlites caterpillar feeding on Limnophila heterophylla
<p>Video accompanying article published in the journal Tropical Lepidoptera Research, "Scientific Note: A new aquatic host plant of Junonia atlites atlites (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from India", DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5600437.</p>
Central and Northern European caterpillar assemblages show strong phylogenetic structure
<p class="western"><span><span><span>Phylogenetic diversity metrics have been used to tackle an increasing number of questions in ecology and evolutionary biology. Here we present a novel use of phylogenetic diversity metrics namely the investigation of insect herbivore assemblages on select plant species in order to investigate possible drivers shaping the phylogenetic structure of those assemblages.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>We investigated the phylogenetic structure of lepidopteran herbivore assemblages on 208 species of central European vascular plants. A dataset of 2553 species of Lepidoptera from 68 families, comprising 8584 individual herbivore-host associations, was analyzed for patterns of phylogenetic α- and β-diversity in relation to plant growth form, plant phylogeny and the accumulation of some characteristic major classes of secondary plant metabolites.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>Distinct patterns of phylogenetic β-diversity were detected when plants were partitioned into three growth form categories (graminoid, herbaceous, and woody). In contrast, groupings of plants according to higher taxa or key secondary metabolites did not yield similarly clear patterns. Notable exceptions were assemblages on graminoid plants, especially those containing silica, which could be distinguished by both plant phylogeny and their phytochemical characteristics. Additionally, plants containing highly toxic glucosinolates (all of the family Brassicaceae) harbor highly distinct lepidopteran assemblages. Phylogenetic α-diversity of associated caterpillars differed greatly between graminoid, herbaceous and woody plants. Assemblages on graminoid plants were found to be the most phylogenetically clustered, followed by herbs and woody plants which showed the least degree of phylogenetic clustering. In conclusion, our results indicate that the phylogenetic structure of the investigated herbivore assemblages in the nemoral and boreal zones of the Western Palaearctic region is most heavily influenced by plant growth form while categories derived from higher plant systematics or classifications reflecting secondary metabolites leave far less signal at this macroecological scale.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>The approach taken in this study proved to be very successful in identifying patterns in the phylogenetic structure of herbivore assemblages. Our findings are in line with the 'classical' plant apparency hypothesis. Plant secondary compounds were found to have only limited explanatory power on our scale of analysis.</span></span></span></p>
Influence of diet, sex and viral infections on the gut microbiota composition of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars
<p>Gut microbiota plays essential roles in very diverse processes in all organisms, including insects. Previous studies have shown that changes in gut bacterial composition of caterpillars affects to the insecticidal properties of entomopathogens, opening the possibility of improving the use of entomopathogens in pest control by manipulation of the host microbiota To do that, a better characterization of the host gut microbiota and its interaction with other microbial agents is required. Here we have analysed the gut microbiota of larvae from the major pest Spodoptera exigua under different conditions, and the results have revealed a high variability among individuals and a major influence of the environmental bacteria. These observations suggest the lack of a resident microbiota as it was already claimed for other species of caterpillars. In addition, insects naturally infected with viruses showed a different microbiota composition in comparison with virus-free insects and few taxa specifically associated to the infection have been identified.<a> </a></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.