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967 results for “cerrado”
Data from: Impacts of landscape composition, marginality of distribution, soil fertility, and climatic stability on the patterns of woody plant endemism in the Cerrado
Aim: Although various theories have been proposed to explain the outstanding endemism of plants in the Cerrado, four hypotheses about the mechanisms of diversification and distribution are most supported: (1) plateau/valley, (2) stable/unstable climate, (3) core/peripheral distribution, and (4) soil fertility. The first argues that plateaus harbor more ancient lineages than valleys and therefore presents higher endemism. The second theory suggests that climatic stable environments maintained more paleoendemic species. The third scenario attributes the distribution of endemism to gradients of conditions available to locally adapted species and predicts higher endemism in nuclear than in marginal areas. The last theory suggests that lower fertility soils account for higher endemism due to the habitat specialization of its species. We compared endemism patterns with the predictions of each theory to discuss their importance. Location: Brazil. Time period: Quaternary. Major taxa studied: Angiosperms. Methods: We mapped the endemism using records of 311 plant species of the Cerrado and applied spatial analysis and distribution models to summarize the importance of each predictor of endemism. Results: We identified 28 areas in which the higher endemism of Cerrado plants were concentrated and presented a map of its distribution. We found correlations among endemism, climate stability, elevation, and marginality, which supported the plateau/valley, core/peripheral, and stable/unstable hypotheses. No association between soil fertility and endemism was detected. We propose that plateaus are more stable climatic environments, and this characteristic along with their elevation and centrality are predictive of endemism. Main conclusions: We concluded that most of the endemism is concentrated in overlapping areas of stability of species, which are concentrated in higher elevation central regions. Soil fertility was not linked to endemism. We recommend that central plateaus in the Cerrado require special attention in conservation to optimize the protection of endemic species in the biome.
Data from: Fire-sensitive species dominate seed rain in a long unburned Cerrado: implications for plant community diversity and woody encroachment in savannas
Woody encroachment is becoming common in tropical savannas. Seed rain data and seed addition experiments in a long unburned Brazilian savanna indicate that abundant seed rain of fire-sensitive species can surpass limitations to recruitment and lead to woody encroachment. Thus, active fire management may be required to maintain savanna diversity.
Data from: Seasonal variation in foraging group size of crab-eating foxes and hoary foxes in the Cerrado biome, Central Brazil
In regions with a pronounced dry season, such as the Cerrado Biome (Brazilian savannah), climate seasonality may affect food availability for canid species and, consequently, their foraging behavior. We investigated seasonal variation in foraging group size of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) and hoary foxes (Pseudalopex vetulus) in the Cerrado region for three consecutive years. Data were obtained by direct observations of foraging foxes during spotlight surveys. Both species were sighted foraging individually or in pairs with or without their juvenile offspring. However, crab-eating foxes foraged in pairs more frequently in the wet season and individually more frequently in the dry season whereas hoary foxes foraged mostly individually throughout the year. The higher frequency of solitary foragers in the dry season is possibly a response to the seasonal shortages in the availability of clumped and locally abundant food resources such as fruit and insects, important items in the diet of the crab-eating fox during the wet season. The absence of seasonal variation in foraging group size of the hoary fox may be related to its specialized food habits, since termites predominate in the diet of this species in both seasons.
FIGURES 21–24 in " Cerrado " vegetation, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 21–24. Tarsonemus longisetae sp. nov. (female). 21, leg I; 21', sensorial cluster; 22, leg II; 23, leg III; 24, leg IV.
FIGURES 15–18 in " Cerrado " vegetation, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 15–18. Metatarsonemus megasolenidii sp. nov. (male). 15, leg I; 16, leg II; 17, leg III; 18, leg IV.
FIGURES 27–30 in " Cerrado " vegetation, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 27–30. Tarsonemus longisetae sp. nov. (male). 27, leg I; 28, leg II; 29, leg III; 30, leg IV.
FIGURES 9–12 in " Cerrado " vegetation, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 9–12. Metatarsonemus megasolenidii sp. nov. (female). 9, leg I; 10, leg II; 11, leg III; 12, leg IV.
FIGURES 3–6 in " Cerrado " vegetation, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 3–6. Daidalotarsonemus folisetae sp. nov. (female). 3, leg I; 3', sensorial cluster; 4, leg II; 5, leg III; 6, leg IV.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Eleutherodactylinae) from open areas of the Cerrado Biome in southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n.. above left: holotype (male, ZUEC 13639), Above right: a topotype (male, AAG-UFU 4124), below: a specimen from Perdizes–MG tentatively attributed to the new species (male, AAG- UFU 2616).
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Eleutherodactylinae) from open areas of the Cerrado Biome in southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4. Two closely related Ischnocnema species in life. Above Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n. (topotype) (AAG-UFU 4124). Below Ischnocnema juipoca from Poços de Caldas, MG (AAG-UFU 4132).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Eleutherodactylinae) from open areas of the Cerrado Biome in southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n.. Male AAG-UFU 4124, topotype. A—Dorsal and B—Lateral views of head. C—Palm of left hand and D—Plant of left foot.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Eleutherodactylinae) from open areas of the Cerrado Biome in southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Two closely related species of Ischnocnema. Above Ischnocnema juipoca (Atibaia, SP). A—Female (AAG- UFU 4203), B—Male (AAG-UFU 4202). Below Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n. (paratopotypes). C—Female (ZUEC 13647), D—Male (AAG-UFU 4122). All specimens are adults. Note smaller size and the darker grey coloration of I. penaxavantinho sp. n..
FIGURE 7 in A large new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Cerrado of Brazil
FIGURE 7. Oscilogram of the section (A) and of the call (B); spectrogram (C) and power spectrum (D) of the advertisement call of Rhinella cerradensis. Recording file: Rhinella cerradensis sp. nov. Bsb. (CHUNB 38668).
FIGURE 8 in A large new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Cerrado of Brazil
FIGURE 8. Distribution of Rhinella cerradensis. The circled dot represents the type locality for the species and the black circles represent other localities where the species were found. The square represents the specimen identified by the photo sent by Cristiano Nogueira.
FIGURE 6 in A large new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Cerrado of Brazil
FIGURE 6. Double-cleared and stained skull of Rhinella cerradensis (male, ASUnB 2554). (A) Dorsal view, and (B) ventral view. The blue area stained by alcian blue is cartilage. (C) Ventral view of the macerated skull of Rhinella cerradensis (male, ASUnB 2553). The arrows indicate the unique morphological synapomorphy of the Rhinella marina group. The Arabic numbers indicate skull features of the new species (see details in the text). The premaxillae are missed in the figure. Photos by Patrícia Wanderley and Leandro Campos.
FIGURE 5 in A large new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Cerrado of Brazil
FIGURE 5. Tadpole of Rhinella cerradensis, (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal profile, (C) oral disc. Stage 40 of Gosner (1960). Drawings by Núbia Shelly.
FIGURE 4 in A large new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Cerrado of Brazil
FIGURE 4. Distribution of the species of Rhinella marina group in the two first principal components. The PCA suggested the presence of two morphological subgroups within the R. marina group indicated by the white and black symbols.
FIGURE 3. Rhinella cerradensis, CHUNB 49573 in A large new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Cerrado of Brazil
FIGURE 3. Rhinella cerradensis, CHUNB 49573 (holotype) adult male (A) dorsal view of head, (B) lateral view of head, (C) palmar view of manus, (D) plantar view of pes. Drawings by Pedro Aquino.
FIGURE 2 in A large new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Cerrado of Brazil
FIGURE 2. An amplectant pair of Rhinella cerradensis from Brasília, DF, Brazil. Photo by Rubens Hisanari Matsushita.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of the lizard genus Bachia (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Cerrados of Central Brazil
FIGURE 3. Habitat and track of Bachia oxyrhina sp. nov.: (A) general physiognomy of the habitats at EESGT where specimens were found; (B) aspect of an opened Cerrado ("campo sujo") with scattered trees and areas of bare sand; (C) tracks in white sand.
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