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FIG. 2 in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933
FIG. 2. — Distribution of selected conodont taxa; A, outcrops on the Strojnaya River, October Revolution Island; B, sections in the Obryvistaya River region, October Revolution Island. For location of outcrops refer to Männik et al. 2002: figs 1, 6. See also explanations to Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 in Conodonts in the Silurian of Severnaya Zemlya and Sedov archipelagos (Russia), with special reference to the genus Ozarkodina Branson & Mehl, 1933
FIG. 1. — Distribution of selected conodont taxa. Outcrops on Srednij Island, Sedov Archipelago. To the left of the thick vertical line are shown the thicknesses of formations, and the ranges and numbers of separate outcrops studied; to the right of it: location and numbers of samples. The names of the Ozarkodina species are given in bold. For location of outcrops refer to Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1.
Data from: Potentials of closed contour analysis in species differentiation and holotype designation: a case study on lower Norian (Upper Triassic) conodonts
<p><span>Geometric morphometric approaches become increasingly applied in the fields of biology and paleontology. Taxonomy is a good example, where a long-standing intention of scientists is to eliminate subjectivity as much as possible. In the case of biostratigraphically important conodont elements, the application of such methods is not widespread. Indeed, only a handful of studies attempted to deal with the morphological variance of conodont elements from this aspect. The detailed description of five lower Norian (Upper Triassic) taxa (<em>Ancyrogondolella quadrata, A. rigoi, A. triangularis, A. uniformis</em> and <em>Metapolygnathus mazzai</em>) is presented here based on landmarks and Fourier analysis of the P1 element and keel outlines. Both methods led to similar outcomes regarding taxonomic differentiation and exposing shape variability. Consensus shapes were generated to objectively reveal the typical contour shape of each taxon, which allowed their comparison with each other, and with the members of their respective sample population including the holotypes. The results pointed out that the holotype of a taxon is generally not an average representative, but rather a peripheral form with well-separable morphological characteristics. <em>Ancyrogondolella quadrata</em> and <em>A. rigoi</em> turned out to represent a morphological continuum with ample transitional forms between these two end-members that may cause bias in their biostratigraphic applicability; however, their combined shape variance seems to be too large for uniting them into a single species. Given the results that may be too subtle to realize based solely on qualitative observations, future taxonomic studies and type material designation could greatly benefit from the application of similar methodologies.</span></p>
Data from: Conodont faunas across the Kasimovian–Gzhelian boundary (Late Pennsylvanian) in South China and implications for the selection of the stratotype for the base of the global Gzhelian Stage
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Data from: Potentials of closed contour analysis in species differentiation and holotype designation: a case study on lower Norian (Upper Triassic) conodonts
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Data from: Evolution of the conodont Diplognathodus ellesmerensis from D. benderi sp. nov. at the Bashkirian-Moscovian (Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian) boundary in South China
Conodont assemblages from the Bashkirian-Moscovian boundary interval in the Naqing section, South China have been studied in detail. A landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis to study the evolution of Diplognathodus ellesmerensis is presented. This analysis helped recognize a distinct new species, D. benderi sp. nov., which represents the direct evolutionary ancestor of D. ellesmerensis. The potential of using the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of D. ellesmerensis as the Bashkirian-Moscovian boundary marker is re-evaluated via biostratigraphic correlations of conodonts and other fossil groups between different palaeogeographic basins. The FAD of D. ellesmerensis from within the D. benderi sp. nov.–D. ellesmerensis lineage is an excellent marker to recognize a global Bashkirian-Moscovian boundary because of its global distribution, an abundance of supplementary marker species at similar stratigraphic levels, and the close stratigraphic proximity of the FAD to the traditional Bashkirian-Moscovian boundary, thus largely preserving the original concept for the base of the Moscovian Stage.
Patterns of bilateral asymmetry and allometry in Late Devonian Polygnathus conodonts
<p>Conodont animals were jawless vertebrates equipped with a feeding apparatus composed of several tooth-like elements. The P1 elements, at the rear of the apparatus, are well preserved and abundant in the sediments, and their temporal evolution constitutes a tracer of ecological interactions and/or abiotic changes in the water column. However, occlusion occurred in these animals between paired right and left elements, occasioning bilateral asymmetry, which, together with allometric growth, may obliterate the temporal differences. This study aimed at disentangling these different components of morphological variation in Late Devonian <em>Polygnathus</em> P1 elements. An extensive 2D geometric morphometric analysis of the platform shape was performed and completed by a 3D study on a subset of elements. The 2D and 3D morphometric quantifications provided highly congruent results, showing that the 2D shape provides a good approximation of the element geometry. The 3D analysis, however, provides a more complete description of the geometrical changes involved in growth and bilateral asymmetry, providing insights on the constraints related to occlusion. In complement, the 2D analysis allowed a quantitative assessment of the variation between and within species, showing that allometry and bilateral asymmetry were differently expressed depending on the species considered. This suggests that constraints imposed on pairing by the morphology of the elements, and the pattern of bilateral asymmetry, varied even among related species. The within-species variation was so important that it obliterated temporal trends; a relationship of Polygnathus shape and conodont biofacies variations through the Famennian suggested an evolution driven by ecological interactions between conodonts.</p>
FIG. 6 in Trophic position of some Late Devonian-Carboniferous (Mississippian) conodonts revealed on carbon organic matter isotope signatures: a case study of the East European basin
FIG. 6. — Bivariate plot for bulk carbonate δ13Cand conodont δ13Cvalues. carb org
FIG. 4 in Trophic position of some Late Devonian-Carboniferous (Mississippian) conodonts revealed on carbon organic matter isotope signatures: a case study of the East European basin
FIG. 4. — Organic carbon isotope compositions of conodonts measured in the study.
Data from: Conodont size, trophic level and the evolution of platform elements.
Conodonts are among the first vertebrates to have evolved mineralized tooth-like structures. Among these, the so-called P1 elements are known to have been used to break down food, and display a wide variety of morphologies. In particular, the repeated independent evolution of platform-like P1 elements have been suggested to correspond to similar functional constraints linked to diet. To test this hypothesis of convergence, we measured size (as element length) for various conodont taxa, and used it as a proxy for trophic level. We then tested the correlation between size and platform presence/absence, both on raw data and in a phylogenetic context. Retaining or excluding the platform traits from the character matrix has limited impact on the resulting phylogeny. Contrary to platform presence/absence, size shows no phylogenetic signal. Using the raw data, size and platform presence appear positively correlated. That correlation however is no longer significant if one corrects for the phylogeny. We conclude that platform presence cannot be explained by an enlargement of the conodont element, be it via a trophic level change or developmental constraints. This suggests that conodonts as a whole, and in particular platform-bearing conodonts, were an ecologically diverse group and that the various known platform types are likely to reflect different, rather than convergent, ecological niches.
Fig. 2 in Early Ordovician Conodonts from Far Western New South Wales, Australia
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic sections through the Lower
Data from: Spatiotemporal dynamics of Nektonic biodiversity and vegetation shifts during the Smithian–Spathian Transition: Conodont and Palynomorph insights from Svalbard
<p>The dataset includes an Excel file with sporomorph counting of samples from the Stensiöfjellet section, Svalbard. Furthermore, it includes additional taxonomic notes on conodonts from the Stensiöfjellet section, Svalbard.</p>
Figure 2 in High-resolution stratigraphy of the Changhsingian (Late Permian) successions of NW Iran and the Transcaucasus based on lithological features, conodonts and ammonoids
Figure 2. The Permian–Triassic boundary sections in the Ali Bashi Mountains, NW Iran.
Fig. 26 in A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China
Fig. 26 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 17 in A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China
Fig. 17 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 20 in A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China
Fig. 20 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 18 in A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China
Fig. 18 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 16 in A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China
Fig. 16 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 13 in A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China
Fig. 13 (See legend on previous page.)
Fig. 3 in Conodont faunas with Lenodus variabilis in the upper Arenigian to lower Llanvirnian of Sweden
Fig. 3. Conodont element distribution in the samples from the Gillberga section.
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