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opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Cytokine responses in birds challenged with the human food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni implies a Th17 response

Development of process orientated understanding of cytokine interactions within the gastrointestinal tract during an immune response to pathogens requires experimentation and statistical modelling. The immune response against pathogen challenge depends on the specific threat to the host. Here, we show that broiler chickens mount a breed-dependent immune response to Campylobacter jejuni infection in the caeca by analysing experimental data using frequentist and Bayesian structural equation models (SEM). SEM provides a framework by which cytokine interdependencies, based on prior knowledge, can be tested. In both breeds important cytokines including pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, , IL-4, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ and anti-inflammatory IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β4 were expressed post-challenge. The SEM revealed a putative regulatory pathway illustrating a T helper (Th)17 response and regulation of IL-10, which is breed-dependent. The prominence of the Th17 pathway indicates the cytokine response aims to limit the invasion or colonization of an extracellular bacterial pathogen but the time-dependent nature of the response differs between breeds.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Microglia responses to pro-inflammatory stimuli (LPS, IFNγ+TNFα) and reprogramming by resolving cytokines (IL-4, IL-10)

Microglia respond to CNS injuries and diseases with complex reactions, often called "activation." A pro-inflammatory phenotype (also called classical or M1 activation) lies at one extreme of the reactivity spectrum. There were several motivations for this study. First, bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is the most commonly used pro-inflammatory stimulus for microglia, both in vitro and in vivo; however, pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFNγ, TNFα) rather than LPS will be encountered with sterile CNS damage and disease. We lack direct comparisons of responses between LPS and such cytokines. Second, while transcriptional profiling is providing substantial data on microglial responses to LPS, these studies mainly use mouse cells and models, and there is increasing evidence that responses of rat microglia can differ. Third, the cytokine milieu is dynamic after acute CNS damage, and an important question in microglial biology is: How malleable are their responses? There are very few studies of effects of resolving cytokines, particularly for rat microglia, and much of the work has focused on pro-inflammatory outcomes. Here, we first exposed primary rat microglia to LPS or to IFNγ+TNFα (I+T) and compared hallmark functional (nitric oxide production, migration) and molecular responses (almost 100 genes), including surface receptors that can be considered part of the sensome. Protein changes for exemplary molecules were also quantified: ARG1, CD206/MRC1, COX-2, iNOS, and PYK2. Despite some similarities, there were notable differences in responses to LPS and I+T. For instance, LPS often evoked higher pro-inflammatory gene expression and also increased several anti-inflammatory genes. Second, we compared the ability of two anti-inflammatory, resolving cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), to counteract responses to LPS and I+T. IL-4 was more effective after I+T than after LPS, and IL-10 was surprisingly ineffective after either stimulus. These results should prove useful in modeling microglial reactivity in vitro; and comparing transcriptional responses to sterile CNS inflammation in vivo.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Th2 cytokines inhibit lymphangiogenesis

Lymphangiogenesis is the process by which new lymphatic vessels grow in response to pathologic stimuli such as wound healing, inflammation, and tumor metastasis. It is well-recognized that growth factors and cytokines regulate lymphangiogenesis by promoting or inhibiting lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) proliferation, migration and differentiation. Our group has shown that the expression of T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines is markedly increased in lymphedema, and that these cytokines inhibit lymphatic function by increasing fibrosis and promoting changes in the extracellular matrix. However, while the evidence supporting a role for T cells and Th2 cytokines as negative regulators of lymphatic function is clear, the direct effects of Th2 cytokines on isolated LECs remains poorly understood. Using in vitro and in vivo studies, we show that physiologic doses of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) have profound anti-lymphangiogenic effects and potently impair LEC survival, proliferation, migration, and tubule formation. Inhibition of these cytokines with targeted monoclonal antibodies in the cornea suture model specifically increases inflammatory lymphangiogenesis without concomitant changes in angiogenesis. These findings suggest that manipulation of anti-lymphangiogenic pathways may represent a novel and potent means of improving lymphangiogenesis.

opencc-zeroMay 2019View details →

Data from: Genetic ancestry and population differences in levels of inflammatory cytokines in women: role for evolutionary selection and environmental factors

Background: Selection pressure due to exposure to infectious pathogens endemic to Africa may explain distinct genetic variations in immune response genes. However, the impact of those genetic variations on human immunity remains understudied, especially within the context of modern lifestyles and living environments, which are drastically different from early humans in sub Saharan Africa. There are few data on population differences in constitutional immune environment, where genetic ancestry and environment are likely two primary sources of variation. Methods and Findings: In a study integrating genetic, molecular and epidemiological data, we examined population differences in plasma levels of 14 cytokines involved in innate and adaptive immunity, including those implicated in chronic inflammation, and possible contributing factors to such differences, in 914 AA and 855 EA women. We observed significant differences in 7 cytokines, including higher plasma levels of CCL2, CCL11, IL4 and IL10 in EAs and higher levels of IL1RA and IFNα2 in AAs. Analyses of a wide range of demographic and lifestyle factors showed significant impact, with age, education level, obesity, smoking, and alcohol intake, accounting for some, but not all, observed population differences for the cytokines examined. Levels of two pro-inflammatory chemokines, CCL2 and CCL11, were strongly associated with percent of African ancestry among AAs. The signal was pinpointed through admixture mapping to local ancestry at 1q23, with fine-mapping analysis refined to the Duffy-null allele of rs2814778. In AA women, this variant was a major determinant of systemic levels of CCL2 (p=1.1e-58) and CCL11 (p=2.2e-110), accounting for 19% and 40% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Conclusion: Our data reveal strong ancestral footprints in inflammatory chemokine regulation. The Duffy-null allele may indicate a loss of the buffering function for chemokine levels. The substantial immune differences by ancestry may have broad implications to health disparities between AA and EA populations.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CYTOKINES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS

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opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Raw data for the article: Cytokine storm and severe hepatitis in pregnancy due to herpes simplex virus 2

Case presentation: A pregnant woman developed hepatitis due to a herpes simplex virus 2 primary infection with a severe systemic inflammatory response. Treatment with acyclovir and human immunoglobulin was given and both mother and baby survived. Purpose: We provide the first description of the inflammatory response associated with herpetic hepatitis in pregnancy.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Inflammatory cytokines and risk of gestational diabetes

Background: Over the last decade, an emerging role of novel cytokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been proposed by researches. The present study was performed to provide a more accurate estimate of the effect size of the association between leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and risk of GDM. Methods: Online databases were looked up to August 2021 using the search string: (leptin OR TNF-α OR IL-6) AND "gestational diabetes". Observational studies investigating the association of the selected cytokines and risk of GDM were included. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate pooled effect. Results: 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis (6792 women; 1405 diagnosed with GDM). A significant association was found between higher circulating leptin and risk of GDM and the pooled estimate was 1.15 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.26). Higher circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with increased risk of GDM and the pooled estimates were 2.00 (95%CI: 1.20, 3.31) and 1.29 (95%CI: 1.13, 1.46), respectively. Conclusions: The selected cytokines might be used as potential markers in predicting GDM and considered as contributing factors to the GDM pathogenesis.

restrictedcc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

CTMM Data for: 'Sex-specific differences in cytokine signaling pathways in circulating monocytes of cardiovascular disease patients'

Data from the publication 'Sex-specific differences in cytokine signaling pathways in circulating monocytes of cardiovascular disease patients' <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.04.005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.04.005</a>  We generated sex-biased gene expression signatures by comparing male versus female monocytes of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (n = 450) from the Center for Translational Molecular Medicine-Circulating Cells Cohort.  the data includes 3 dataframes :  clin_cvd: patient info geneexprs_hgnc: gene expression after batch correction GES_cvdmf_HGNC: limma results (male vs female)

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

The alteration of cytokines production from 3rd to 12th month of COVID-19 convalescence period

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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Figure 1. Serum IL-1 in Wound-healing and cytokine-modulating potential of medicinal oil formulation comprising leaf extract of Murraya koenigii and olive oil

Figure 1. Serum IL-1β level of treatment groups. *The level of IL-1β enhanced 134.6% when compared to Group 1; # The level of IL-1β declined 43.9% when compared to Group 2; $The level of IL-1β declined 51.8% when compared to Group 2.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Effect of H. pylori infection on cytokine profiles and oxidative balance in subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion

Different amounts of ingested alcohol can have distinct effects on the human body. However, there is limited research on chronic alcohol consumption with Helicobacter pylori infection. We sought to investigate the relationship between the cytokine profile, oxidative balance and H. pylori infection in subjects with chronic alcohol consumption. A total of 142 subjects were divided into three groups: 59 subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion and H. pylori infection (group A); 53 subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion without H. pylori infection (group B); and 30 control subjects (group C). The serum levels of CagA, interleukin (IL)-10, E-selectin, TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the ages and serum H. pylori CagA levels among the three groups, as well as both the mean drinking age and the mean daily alcohol consumption between groups A and B, were matched and comparable. Comparing the BMIs among the three groups, the BMI differences were found to be statistically significant (F=3.921, P<0.05). Compared with group C, the BMIs in groups A and B were significantly higher (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively); however, the BMI differences between group A and group B were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Additionally, no differences in the serum CagA levels were found in comparisons among the groups (all P>0.05). The serum IL-10 and E-selectin levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (serum IL-10: P<0.05; E-selectin: P<0.05). The serum IL-10 in group A was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.01); the serum E-selectin levels in group A did not significantly differ compared with those in group C (P>0.05). Furthermore, the serum IL-10 and E-selectin levels in group B were significantly higher than those in group C (serum IL-10: P<0.001; E-selectin: P<0.05); however, the serum TNF-α levels did not differ among groups (all P>0.05). Although the serum levels of MDA and SOD in groups A and B were slightly lower than those in group C, there were no significant differences among groups (all P>0.05). In conclusion, we believe that H. pylori infection might cause a significant inhibition of certain cytokine profiles in subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion. Moreover, chronically ingested alcohol may exert an adjusted inflammatory effect, but there was no association between H. pylori infection, chronic alcohol consumption and oxidative balance.

openAug 2021View details →

Polymorphisms In A Cytokine Receptor And A Cytokine Regulator Are Associated With Levels Of Exercise In Women Prior To Breast Cancer Surgery

This dataset contains the supplementary materials describing in detail the methods and the results of the analyses. The manuscript has been accepted for publication. Please cite both the paper as well as the DOI of this dataset if you make use of the data.

Fig. 6 in Ochrathinols A and B, two pairs of sulfur-containing racemates from an Antarctic fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702 inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production

Fig. 6. Chiral HPLC analyses of ochrathinol B (±)-2.

Fig. 4 in Ochrathinols A and B, two pairs of sulfur-containing racemates from an Antarctic fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702 inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production

Fig. 4. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra of (±)-1, (±)-2, and 4.

Fig. 3. X in Ochrathinols A and B, two pairs of sulfur-containing racemates from an Antarctic fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702 inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production

Fig. 3. X-ray crystallographic structures of compounds 1–3.

Fig. 2 in Ochrathinols A and B, two pairs of sulfur-containing racemates from an Antarctic fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702 inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production

Fig. 2. Key COSY (bold) and HMBC (arrows) correlations of 1 4.

Fig. 5 in Ochrathinols A and B, two pairs of sulfur-containing racemates from an Antarctic fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702 inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production

Fig. 5. Chiral HPLC analyses of ochrathinol A (±)-1.

Fig. 1 in Ochrathinols A and B, two pairs of sulfur-containing racemates from an Antarctic fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702 inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production

Fig. 1. Structures of compounds 1–4.